2020年中考语法专项训练之形容词和副词讲解及练习

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1、Unit 3 形容词和副词 语法精讲 考点1 形容词的基本用法 1.形容词作定语时的位置 形容词作定语时放在所修饰的名词的前面，且音节少的词放在音节 多的词之前。但是如果形容词修饰以-body或-thing为词尾的不定代词 时，要放在这些词之后。 A big beautiful house. 一个漂亮的大房子。 somebody else 其他人 anything necessary 任何必要的事情 2.形容词作表语时放在连系动词之后 The apple smells well. 这个苹果闻起来很香。 3.形容词作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后 We must try our best to kee

2、p our environment clean. 我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁。 4.多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序 多个形容词及其他限定语修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序 为：冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词、基数词+一 般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国 籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。 I have a big, round, red, wooden, Chinese table. 我有一个大而圆的、红色的、中国产的木桌。 They lived in those four old, grey, wooden houses. 他们住在那四

3、座古老的灰色木屋里。 They found that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl. 他们找到了那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩。 助记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用 类别往后靠。 5.形容词后置的情况 6.以-ed结尾的形容词和以-ing形式结尾的形容词 由动词变化而来，以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰物，表示“令人 的”，常作定语；由动词变化而来，以-ed结尾的形容词一般修饰人，表 示“（人）的”，常作表语。由-ed分词转化来的形容词表被动含义， 由-ing分词转化来的形容词表主动含义。 an interestin

4、g book 有趣的书（=a book which interests readers） falling leaves 飘落的树叶（=leaves that are falling） a broken heart 破碎的心（=a heart that has been broken） “7.the + 形容词”表示一类人 the young 年轻人 the wounded 伤员；受伤的人 注意 “the + 形容词”在句中充当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形 式。 The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。

5、 考点2 副词在句子中的位置及作用 副词的分类 1.作状语 （1）时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意，early，late， before，later，yet等一般放在句尾，already，just一般放在动词的前面。 I will go to school early tomorrow. 我明天会早到学校。 Alice and Jane have already been to the UK twice. 爱丽丝和简去过英国两次。 （2）频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之 间，但sometimes，often等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句 首，once可放在

6、句尾，twice，three times等一般放在句尾。 I usually have lunch at school. 我通常在学校吃午饭。 Take this medicine twice a day. 这种药一天吃两次。 （3）地点副词：一般放在句尾，但here, there还可放在句首。 There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions. 在那里，你可以看到成千上万辆自行车朝各个方向流动。 The frightened thief ran away. 受到惊吓的小偷逃跑了。 He walked out quie

7、tly and turned back soon. 他悄悄地走了出去，很快又返回。 （4）程度副词：修饰动词时，放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词 时，放在形容词或副词之前。但注意，enough总是放在被修饰的形容词 或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活，总是放在被修饰的词的前面。 I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. 如果他不再次告诉我，我几乎把那事全忘了。 Is the room big enough to accommodate 2 kids（9 and 5） along with 2 adults? 这个房间足够大

8、吗？可不可以容得下两个孩子（9岁和5岁）和两个 大人？ （5）方式副词：一般放在行为动之后，但suddenly可以放在句首、 句尾或动词之前。 The old man lives alone. 这位老人独自生活。 Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave. 突然，他在黑黢黢的山洞里看到了一丝光亮。 （6）疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。 When and where were you born? 你何时何地出生？ Hows it going? 最近如何？ Pretty well.And you? 棒极了，你呢？ （7）连接副词：用来引

9、导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从 句中作状语。 That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. 那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因。 He wondered how he could do it the next day. 他想知道第二天怎样做那件事。 （8）关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。 This is the place where he once lived. 这就是他曾经住过的地方。 Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. 请告诉我你的英语是如何学得这么

10、好的。 （9）其他副词：too“也”，用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也 不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，放在句首；so“如此，这样”，放在形容 词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之 后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首 或动词之前。 He went to Beijing and I went there, too. 他去了北京，我也去了。 Maybe you can play with Tom. 也许你可以和汤姆玩。 Tom doesnt have a computer. 汤姆没有计算机。

11、Nor do I. 我也没有。 2.作表语 地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人或物所 处的位置。 Im so sorry that he is not here. 很抱歉，他不在这。 I have been away from my hometown for nearly 30 years. 我离开家乡已将近30年了。 3.作定语 时间副词（如now, then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语， 放在名词的后面。 People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. 现在人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴。 W

12、omen there were living a terrible life in the 1920s. 在20世纪20年代，那里的女性过着可怕的日子。 4.作宾语补足语 地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。 Leave me away. 离我远点。 Father kept me in and doing my lessons. 父亲让我待在家里做作业。 考点3 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及用法 1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成 （1）规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，一般在词尾加-er（比较级）或- est（最高级）。 strongstrongerstrongest fastfasterfastes

13、t 以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r（比较级）或-st（最高级）。 largelargerlargest nicenicernicest 重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加- er（比较级）或-est（最高级）。 bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，变“y”为“i”再加-er（比较级） 或-est（最高级）。 easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest 多音节词和大多数双音节词，在词前加more（比较级）或 most（最高级）。 deliciousmore deliciousm

14、ost delicious tiringmore tiringmost tiring 少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级）或-est（最 高级）。 clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest （2）不规则变化 2.形容词、副词比较级、最高级的用法 （1）比较级 常在比较级前用much, far, even, a little, a lot 等词进行程度上的修 饰。 Tom is a little stronger than Frank. 汤姆比弗兰克强壮一点儿。 Mark runs much faster than V

15、ictor. 马克比维克多跑得快多了。 句型：.the + 比较级 + of the two The taller of the two boys is Peter. 两个男孩中高的那个是彼得。 This shirt is the better of the two. 这件衬衫是两件中更好的那个。 句型：.比较级 + than any other + 单数名词. Im better in English than any other student in our class. 我比我们班里任何一个同学的英语都好。 句型：.比较级 + and + 比较级. After autumn, it go

16、t colder and colder. 秋天之后天变得越来越冷。 句型：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The more careful you are, the less mistakes youll make. 你越认真，你犯的错误就会越少。 The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 倍数的比较级句型： A倍数 + as + 原级 + as. This ruler is three times as long as that one. 这把尺子的长度是那把尺子的三倍。 B倍数 + 比较级 + than. This ruler is twice longer th

17、an that one. 这把尺子比那把尺子长两倍。 （2）最高级 基本句型：主语（sb./sth.）+ 谓语动词 +（the）+ 形容词/副词最高 级 + in/of. The Changjiang River is the longest in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 July is the hottest month of the year in this city. 在这座城市，七月是一年中最热的月份。 （3）同级比较 形容词和副词还有同级比较的情况，即“A和B一样”，其基本 结构如下： A + 谓语 + as +形容词或副词原级 + as + B. Peter is a

18、s smart as Leo. 彼得和利奥一样聪明。 A + 谓语 + not so/as +形容词或副词原级 + as + B. Kobe is not so/as tall as Peter. 科比不像彼得那样高。（科比没有彼得高。） （注：更多比较句型内容见Unit 10中的特殊句型） 专项练习 I.单句填空。 1.Which is _（heavy）, the elephant or the pig? 2.We are happy to see our city is developing _（fast）these years than before. 3.Its said that M

19、o Yans speech was wonderful. Thats true.We clapped our hands _（excite）many times during his speech yesterday. 4.Tom, are you _（tall）boy in your class? No, but John is.Im shorter than him. 5.T is one of_（large）shopping websites in China. II.单项选择。 6.My _ sister is two years _ than I. A.older;older B.e

20、lder;elder C.older;elder D.elder;older 7.I think English is as _ as maths. I agree with you. A.more interesting B.mostinteresting C.the mostinteresting D.interesting 8.Mark Twain was one of _ writers in the world. A.famous B.more famous C.most famous D.the most famous 9.Of the two sisters, Lucy is _

21、 one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A.a younger B.a youngest C.the younger D.the youngest 10.Keep on.Dont stop.The _ you climb, the _ you will see. A.highest; farthest B.highly; father C.high; far D.higher; farther 11.Lucy is a（n）_student.She answers the teachers questions _ in her

22、class. A.more active; more actively B.active; more actively C.more active; the most actively D.active; the most actively 12.The bread smells _ and it sells _. A.well;good B.good;good C.good;well D.well;well 13.Do you like eating fish, Wang Han? Of course.Nothing can be _, I think. A.delicious B.beau

23、tiful C.more delicious D.morebeautiful 14.What do you think is _ invention in the 20st century? Internet, I think. A.important B.more important C.the mostimportant D.a more important 15.It is _ for me to go shopping.There is a new supermarket near my home. A.difficult B.important C.impossible D.conv

24、enient 16.What _ news! The Chinese Womens Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again. Really ? Thats great! A.interesting B.interested C.exciting D.excited 17.The weather is becoming _. A.hotter andhotter B.morehot andhot C.hoter andhoter D.more andmorehot 18.Its smoggy these days.Thats terrible! Yes.I h

25、ope to plant trees._ trees, _ air pollution. A.The more; the fewer B.The less; the more C.The less; the fewer D.The more; the less 19.I have a lovely room.Its the _ in the hotel. A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.mostnice 20.I think Spider-Manis _ cartoon Ive seen. A.interesting B.more interesting C.mostint

26、eresting D.the mostinteresting 21.I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER. Me, too.Its one of the _TV programs Ive ever seen. A.leastbored B.leastinteresting C.mostboring D.mostinteresting 22.My sister _ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day. A.always B.sometimes C

27、.hardly D.never 23.Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well. Well, I think Kate danced _ than Lily. A.well B.better C.best D.Good 24.He is the only one who failed in the math exam. Really? You mean he studies _. A.the most careful B.the least careful C.the most carefully D.the least carefully 25.Did you go to the cinema last night? Oh, no.I _ go to the cinema.The tickets, you know, are too expensive. A.always B.hardly C.usually D.often Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 Beauty will not buy beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。 Do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。