江苏省泰州市2020-2021学年高三上学期期初检测英语试题（含答案解析）

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1、泰州市泰州市 20202021 学年度高三年级第一学期期初检测学年度高三年级第一学期期初检测 英语试题英语试题 （满分：（满分：150 分，考试时间：分，考试时间：120 分钟）分钟） 注意事项注意事项: 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。 1. 本试卷共 14页，包含选择题、非选择题两部分。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交 回。 2. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用 0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡 的规定位置上。 3. 请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符。 4. 作答

2、选择题，必须用 2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮 擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必须用 0.5 毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的 指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual s

3、torage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to represent all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the worlds f

4、ood supply against nuclear war climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on Earth. An international group called the Global Crop Di

5、versity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if in his words “the worst came to the worst”. Norway is expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three millio

6、n dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above zero degrees Celsius. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security doors. The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten

7、thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space e

8、ach winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below zero Celsius. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced. Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the worlds most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used whe

9、n all other seeds are gone for some reason.Norway first proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was permitted use of Spitsbergen. New Scientist says the plan won United Nations approval in October at a meeting in Rome of the Food and Agr

10、iculture Organization. 1. The project is meant to_. A. increase the worlds food production in the future B. carry out some scientific experiments on plant genes C. protect crop seeds from dying out in case of possible disasters D. build an exhibition centre of the worlds plant seeds 2. Which of the

11、following statements is TRUE according to the above passage? A. The government of Norway will perform the project alone. B. Seeds to be collected there were produced ten thousand years ago. C. Spitsbergen is chosen because it is away from the threat of unclear war forever. D. Temperature is a major

12、consideration when choosing the storage place. 3. We can infer from the text that_. A. People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year B. The storage center will greatly promote the development of world agriculture C. Norway meant to have built the storage centre more than 20 years

13、ago D. There havent been any seed storage centers in the world before 4. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. Noahs Ark of Plant Seeds in Plan B. The Best Place to Store Seeds C. Concerns of World Food Supply D. A New Way to Feed the World 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了挪威的政府想要在北

14、冰洋建造一个不同寻常的能存储两亿种子的存储中心， 能够用来抵抗核战争。并且对这个计划进行了详细的介绍，而存在里面的种子则会在所有种子都因为某种 原因用尽的情况下被拿出来用。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中提到“The structure will be designed to protect the worlds food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats.” 该结构的设计是为了保护世界粮食供应不受核战争、气候变 化和其他可能的威胁。所以这个项目的目的是保护种子不受灾难的影响而灭

15、绝。故选 C项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。 第三段中提到“To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures.”为储存长点时间， 种子需要在极低的温度下储藏。所以温度是选择储藏地点最主要的因素。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。最后一段提到“Norway first proposed the idea in the 1980s.”挪威最早是在八十年代提出这个议 案的， 迄今已有二十年左右的历史了。 由此判断出挪威早在 20 多年前就打算建造这个存储中心。 故选 C 项。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题

16、。根据第一段“The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds.” 挪威政府公司计划在北 冰洋的一个小岛上建造一个不同寻常的储存中心，这个地方将足够容纳大约 200 万颗种子。结合短文主要 讲述了挪威的政府想要在北冰洋建造一个不同寻常的能存储两亿种子的存储中心，能够用来抵抗核战争。 并且对这个计划进行了详细的

17、介绍，而存在里面的种子则会在所有种子都因为某种原因用尽的情况下被拿 出来用。故最佳标题为“诺亚方舟计划中的植物种子”。故选 A 项。 B Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope. If

18、 friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism. The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The resea

19、rchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study. The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study. The researchers examined more than 40,000 social t

20、ies. They found that a persons chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that. Nicholas Christakis of Harv

21、ard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased r

22、isk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%. The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investig

23、ator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of peoples health is tied to their social connections. Both investigators say their research shows that obesity

24、is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem. 5. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean? A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend. B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight. C. One might have a positive influence on ones friend. D. Friends usually

25、 dont follow each other to lose weight. 6. Who is mostly likely to gain weight? A. A man who has a fat brother B. A husband who has a fat wife C. A wife who has a fat husband D. A woman who has a fat female friend 7. Which of the following statements doesnt the passage agree with? A. You are sure to

26、 lose weight if you have a skinny friend. B. If one gains weight, ones friends are likely to get fat. C. A persons health is closely linked with his /her social relationship. D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains. 8. The reason why the study involves both family members a

27、nd friends is that_. A. researchers fail to find a more different sample B. researchers have different ideas for family members and friends C. researchers can meet these people regularly D. researchers can compare the results 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，肥胖会通过社会关系来传染。 【5 题详解】 词句猜

28、测题。由第二段首句“If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat.”（如果朋友们帮助人们接受肥胖，那么对减肥也可能有影响。 ） ，可知朋友不仅让人接受肥胖，而且也 可能在减肥中起作用。故选 B 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70%

29、increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.”（研究发现，朋友的性别也是一个影响因素。在同性友谊 中，一个人肥胖的风险增加了 70%。在兄弟体重增加后，男性肥胖的风险增加了 44%。在姐妹中，这一比 例为 67%。 ） ，可知有一个肥胖的女性朋友的人最容易发胖。故选 D项。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的“When one person gains weight,

30、 their close friends often follow.”（当一个人体重 增加时，他们的密友们也会跟着来。 ） ，B项正确；由倒数第二段中的“He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of peoples health is tied to their social connections.”（他说，这项研究表明，有必 要考虑到人们健康的主要部分与他们的社会关系有关。 ） ， C项正确； 由倒数第二段中的“He says a friend who lives a few hundred

31、 kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood.”（他说一个住在几 百公里外的朋友的影响力和住在同一个社区的朋友一样大。 ） ，D项正确；A项未提及。故选 A 项。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段首句“If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat.”（如果朋友们帮助人们接受肥胖，那么对减肥也可能有影响。 ） ，倒数第三段 The study found that

32、the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.研究发现，朋友的性别也是一个影响。在同性友谊中，一个人变胖的风险增加了 70%。兄弟体重增加后，男性肥胖的风险增加了 44%。在姐妹中，这一比例为 67%

33、。可推断出这项研究之所 以涉及家庭成员和朋友，是因为研究人员可以比较结果。故选 D 项。 C Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally un

34、aware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become interested in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that y

35、ou realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointmentwithout buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this.

36、 A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your hearts content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You neednt buy anything you dont want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the backgr

37、ound until you have finished browsing. Then and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book. You have to be

38、 careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say ancient coins and come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing-something which had only slightly interested you up till

39、 then. This volume of the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from sectio

40、n to section. 9. The underlined phrase “dust jacket” means_. A. a kind of clothes B. a paper cover of book C. a dusty book D. a title of a book 10. You may spend too much time in a bookshop because_. A. the dust jackets are very attractive B. you start reading one of the books C. it is raining outsi

41、de D you have to make sure you wont buy a dull book as a present 11. In a good bookshop_. A. all the books there are interesting B. the assistant greets you in a warm way C. your heart is satisfied D. you feel that you are in a music shop 12. The best title for this passage may be_. A. The Attractio

42、n of Bookshops B. How to Spend Your Time C. Bookshops and Their Assistants D. How to select Books? 【答案】9. B 10. B 11. C 12. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。在书店里度过的时光是非常愉快的。不管你出于何种原因进入书店，你总会不 知不觉的被它所吸引。文章主要叙述了书店的迷人之处。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据此句 The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, altho

43、ugh this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. 所表达的意思，想要找 一本有吸引人的封面的书是不可抗拒的，尽管这种方法不应该被仿照，因为你可能结果发现这是一本相当 无趣的书。由此可知，划线部分的意思是“书的封面。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually”可看出你可能在 书店花费时间太长是因为你专注于读某本书，故选

44、B。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段 This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop.可知，这种逃避日常生活的机会，我认为，是书店的主要吸引力。由此可推知，一个好的书 店能满足我们心里的想法。故选 C。 【12 题详解】 主旨大意题。 通读全文， 并结合倒数第二段 This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the mai

45、n attraction of a bookshop.和最后一段第一句You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop.可知，文章介绍书店吸引人之处。故选 A。 D Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not s

46、omething people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a turn of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Cl

47、aes Granqvist, a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University In Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well,” So ,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors. Y

48、et, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners

49、. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows