2021届老高考二轮复习英语小题必练：介词和介词短语（含答案）.docx

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1、 常考考点：常考考点： before 在（时、空） 之前 across 横过、在上 till 直到 like 像 after 在（时、空） 之后 through 在中穿过 for 表原因、目的 to 表方向 above 在上面 by 在旁边，乘船、车等 behind 在后面 of 表所属关系 over 在正上方 with 表伴随（具有） beside 在旁 around 在周围 under 在正下 方 at、in、on 表时间、地点 near 附近 up 向上 on 在表面 between 表在二者之间 along 沿着 down 向下 in 在里面 among 表在三者之间 from 来自

2、off 远 as 作为 beyond 超出范围 toward 朝、向 介词和介词短语介词和介词短语 1.（2020山东卷）Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements. 2.（2020浙江卷 7 月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived , through agriculture. 3.（2020全国 I 卷）The far side of the

3、moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形 山), more so the familiar near side. 4.（2020全国 II 卷）Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home. 5.（2020全国 III 卷）The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature. 6.（

4、2020浙江卷 1 月） This aging of the population is driven two factors. 7.（2019全国 I 卷）Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. 8.（2019全国 III 卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact. 9.（2019浙江卷）The answer _ this questi

5、on is not clear. 10.（2020全国 II 卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day. 一、单句语法填空一、单句语法填空 1. the first day of senior high school, the hard-working student took notes while listening. 2. Lets not pick these peaches this weekend so that they get swe

6、et enough to be eaten. 3. In the earthquake, the large city lay in ruins fifteen terrible seconds. 4. The rooms upstairs are much warmer than those _ the ground floor. 5. He is known the police his previous criminal record. 6. I cant believe that the restaurant, _ which I have eaten such a wonderful

7、 meal, is going to be shut down. 7. A young woman sits alone and is deep thought. 8. The writer _ whom all of us are familiar will give us a speech tomorrow. 9. It was sort _ difficult for me to explain the article sentence by sentence. 10. Effective measures must be taken to prevent some factories

8、_ polluting the environment. 二、语法填空二、语法填空 Passage 1 Since July 2019, Chinas online food-delivery platform Eleme 1 (carry) out a new service of picking up garbage from its users in Shanghai. The service comes after 2 recently-released regulation on waste management in Shanghai. Individuals 3 throw aw

9、ay their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and 4 (organize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan. The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort 5 (they) own garbage before it 6 (pick) up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of i

10、n the correct garbage bins. Its obvious that this service is 7 (convenience) to the old, especially to the disabled customers. 8 , many netizens on Sina Weibo dont think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants 9 (make) money. They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. Besides,

11、 many more people doubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing 10 the trash. Passage 2 Tied to skis(滑雪板) and pulled around a 11 (freeze) lake by a thoroughbred racehorse skij ring is a sport like no other. The hardy skiers travel at frightening speeds, using just their voice and a s

12、et of rules to guide the horses around the icy track. The 12 (usual) sport is considered the showpiece event of the White Turf races a wintery festival held at the upmarket ski resort of St. Moritz. The sport requires the ability to mix skiing talent 13 a high-level of horsemanship. “During the race

13、 you need a really strong voice,” two-time race winner Valeria Holinger told CNN Sport. “Only by shouting can you make the horse go 14 (fast) than others.” Competitors must wait until theyre 18 before 15 (allow) to participate in the event. Even then, driver as theyre known must pass fitness tests 1

14、6 hard theory exams for good reason, too. Not only 17 (be) they traveling at incredible speeds, there is also the added danger of 18 (full) grown racehorses trampling(踩) on the skis. In addition, the speeding hooves(马蹄) kick up huge amounts of snow and ice 19 crash into the legs of the skiers behind

15、. Such unique threats call for unique 20 (protect). Drivers are required to use face masks to keep the snow out of their eyes and wear body armor under their ski suits. 1.【答案】for 【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词 compete 与空格后的 peoples spare time and money，判断此处需用表 “为竞争”的动词短语 compete for，故填 for。 2.【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句

16、意：公元前 10000 年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可 知， “they lived _”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中 作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填 in。 3.【答案】than 【解析】考查介词。根据句子中 more 可知此处应该用比较级，故填 than。 4.【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。be associated with 为固定搭配，表示“与相关” ，故填 with。 5.【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：

17、这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世 界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。 6.【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词 by。故填 by。 7.【答案】of/for 【解析】 考查介词。 此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语， 用of连接，“methods of doing sth.” ， 意为“的方法” ，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。 8.【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。 “a pa

18、ck of”意为“一群” 。故填 of。 9.【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配， “的答案是” 。故填 to。 10.【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。every day 为时间状语，不需要加 on，故删除 on。 【技巧点拨】【技巧点拨】 答案与解析答案与解析 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。具体填什么介词，由介 词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或 what 从句，且他们不是

19、作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。 第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。 一、单句语法填空一、单句语法填空 【答案】On 【解析】考查介词。句意：在上高中的第一天，这个勤奋的学生边听边做笔记。分析句子可知，此处表示在上高中 的第一天，是指具体的某一天，应用介词 on，故填 On。 【答案】until 【解析】考查介词。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。根据句意及空前 not 可知， 此处是固定结构 not.until.。 【答案】in/within 【解析】考查介词。句意：在地震中，这座大城市在可怕的十五秒钟内就成了一片废墟。根据 fif

20、teen terrible seconds 可知此处用介词 in/within，故填 in/within。 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：楼上的房间要比一楼的暖和得多。on the ground floor：在一楼。故填 on。 【答案】to; for 【解析】考查介词。句意：他因之前的犯罪记录被警察所熟知。be known to：为所知；be known for.：因 著名。根据 know 的固定搭配和句意，第一个空填 to，第二个空填 for。 【答案】in 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”定语从句。句意：我不相信我曾经在那里吃过如此美味饭菜的饭店就要倒闭了。 分析句子结构可知，第一

21、个逗号后面是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，which 指代 restaurant，故填 in。 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：句意：一个女子独自坐着，陷入沉思。deep in thought 意为“陷入沉思” ，故填 in。 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们所有人都熟悉的那位作家明天将给我们作演讲。be familiar with 意为:熟悉，为 固定用法，故填 with。 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：对我来说，逐句解释这篇文章有点难。sort of 意为“有几分地” ，可在句中作状语。故填 of。 【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。句意：必须采取

22、有效的措施来阻止一些工厂污染环境。prevent.from doing sth.“阻止做某 事” ，为固定搭配，故填 from。 二、语法填空二、语法填空 Passage 1 【答案】 1. has carried 2. a 3. who/that 4. organizations 5. their 6. is picked 7. convenient 8. However 9. to make 10. with 【解析】这是一篇报道类文章。主要是就上海饿了么在今年七月公布的回收打包垃圾的话题展开讨论和各种反应。 1.考查动词时态。根据本句的时间状语 Since July 2019，可知答案为

23、 has carried。 2.考查冠词。此处表示一项最新颁布的规章制度，可知答案为 a。 3.考查关系代词。根据句意，此处缺少定语从句的关系词，表示人，可知答案为 who/that。 4.考查名词。根据 and 前后并列关系可知需要名词复数，因此答案为 organizations。 5.考查代词。根据句意，该处代词和他所修饰的名词表所属关系，故答案为 their。 6.考查动词语态。根据上下文，此处表达被动含义，且主语为 it 故用单数，故答案为 is picked。 7.考查形容词。此处需要形容词作表语，be convenient to：对方便，故答案 convenient。 8.考查副词

24、。本句与上文的 the old 和 disabled 来看，是明显的转折，故答案 However。 9.考查非谓语动词。根据用法，此处构成搭配 want to do，因此用 to make。 10.考查介词。根据短语 deal with，处理。故答案为 with。 Passage 2 【答案】 11. frozen 12. unusual 13. with 14. faster 15. being allowed/allowed 16. and 17. are 18. fully 19. which/that 20. protection 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了马拉滑雪板，一项将滑

25、雪天赋与高水平的马术相结合的运动。 11.考查形容词。frozen“冰冻的” ，为形容词，修饰名词 lake。frozen lake 意为冰封的湖面。故填 frozen。 12.考查形容词。 由前文 “skij ring is a sport like no other” （马拉雪橇是一种与众不同的运动） 可知， 此处应用 unusual （不寻常的）修饰名词 sport。故填 unusual。 13.考查介词。mix.with.意为：把与结合，为固定短语。故填 with。 14.考查副词比较级。由 than 可知，应填副词比较级。故填 faster。 15.考查非谓语动词/省略句。befor

26、e 既可作介词，也可作连词。before 为介词时，allow 与主语为动宾关系，故使用 其动名词被动形式；before 作连词时，此处可看作 before they are allowed 省略了 they are 的情况。故填 being allowed/allowed。 16.考查连词。分析句子可知，fitness tests 和 hard theory exams 为并列结构作动词 pass 的宾语，故用 and 连接。故填 and。 17.考查主谓一致。not only 置于句首，后面的句子为半倒装句，谓语动词与主语 they 保持一致。故填 are。 18.考查副词。fully 为副词形容词 grown。故填 fully。 19.考查关系代词。 分析句子可知， snow and ice 为先行词， 在后面的定语从句中作主语。 所以关系代词为 which/that。 故填 which/that。 20.考查名词。unique 为形容词修饰名词 protection。故填 protection。