2020年牛津译林版八年级下英语全册知识梳理
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1、Unit1 Past and present 一、同步知识梳理一、同步知识梳理 知识点知识点 1:past and present(P6) (1)past n. 过去,以前;in the past 在过去 adj. 过去的,以前的;in the past few years 在过去的几年里 prep. 经过 walk past the post office 走过邮局 【例句】 In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing. Lets not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post
2、office, I see a bird flying over the tree. (2)present adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的 n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ; a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物 vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; 【例句】Everyone can be presented a present at present. 知识点知识点 2:Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。 (1)change
3、: vt./vi. 改变,变更; change into 变成 n.变化,改变; change(s) to .的变化 【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place. (2)use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑(或身体)的能力; vt.用,使用; 行使, 【常用短语】used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 批注:批注: 否定形式:否定形式:didnt use to / usednt to get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事) 【例句】He used to go fishing every S
4、aturday. But since he changed his job, hes barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle. 【拓展】useful adj. 有用的;useless adj. 无用的 知识点知识点 3:I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8) 【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China. 批注:注意 in the north
5、 与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如: Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China. 知识点知识点 4:When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我当我 1965 结婚的时候, 我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外, 从那之后我一直住在那个地方。结婚的时候, 我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外
6、, 从那之后我一直住在那个地方。 (1)marry: vt. 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把 A 嫁给 B adj. married 已婚的; 短语:A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n marriage 婚姻 【例句】Some young couples got married on that day. (2)move: vt. 使感动 【常用短语】move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出. 【例句】Every year millions of peop
7、le moved into the city while millions of people moved away. 知识点知识点 5: Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8) turn into 进入,拐进; (使)成为, (使)进入 turn. into 把.变成 【例句】I saw him turn into the library. 北 南 西 东 东南 东北 西南 西北 adj. norther n southern western eastern southeastern
8、 northwestern northwestern northwest ern n . north south west east southeast northwest northwest northwest How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice? 【常用短语】turn on 开 turn off 关 turn up 调高;开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低;关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn over 把翻过来 turn back 往回走 turn left 向左转 turn rig
9、ht 向右转 知识点知识点 6:There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。 once: adv.曾经 =used to 【例句】There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here. n.一次,一回; = one time 【例句】I am used to doing exercise once a week. 知识点知识点 7:They often put
10、the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。他们经常把垃圾放到河里。 短语:短语:put sth into 把放进,使进入 【例句】Please put the food into the fridge. 【常用短语】put away 拿走,储存备用 put back 放回;向后移 put down 写下;记下 put on 穿上 put off 延期;推迟 put out 熄灭;关熄;扑灭 put up 举起;抬起;张贴 知识点知识点 8:Later the government realized the problem and took action
11、to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府后来政府 意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。 (1)realize v. 意识到;实现=come true 【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream. (2)improve v 提高;改善;改进 n. improvement 提高,改进; 【常用短语】improve living standard 提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语; 【例句】Do you know how to improve you
12、r memory? 知识点知识点 9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。现在河流干净了很多。 此处的 much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有:much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 【例句】-How do you feel today? -Even worse. 知识点知识点 10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的,在某种程度上它是。好的,在某种程度上它是。 短语 in some ways 在某些方面,在某种程度上 【例句】In some w
13、ays, I do agree with you. 【拓展】1. in many ways 在许多方面;用许多方法; in this way 用这种方法; 2. on ones way to 表示“在某人去的路上”;(home/here/there 这几个词前不需要加 to) 3. by the way 表示“顺便说/问一句”; 4. all the way 表示“全程;一直”; 5. in a way 在某一点上,在某种程度上 6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb 挡在某人路上 知识点知识点 11:It has become impossible for us
14、to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的对我们来说像以前一样的 经常见面已经变得不可能了。经常见面已经变得不可能了。 (1)此处的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other. 常用句型:It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。 【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. (2)as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as . as 像一样。 知识点知识点 12:Now I
15、 feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。现在我经常会感到有点孤单。 (1)lonely: adj.孤独的,孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的 【常用短语】feel lonely 【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on ones own 【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone. =Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves. =Our teacher asks us to fini
16、sh the task on our own. 2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes. (2)time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数) 【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time 及时;适时 on time 按时,准时;按时 all the time 始终,一直 at a time 一次;每次;在某时 from time to time 不时,有时 for the first time 首次;第一次 知识点知识点 13:I have learned more about Beijings
17、past and present.(P14)我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多 了。了。 Beijings past and present=the past and present of Beijing 一般s 形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词,如:时间,国家、城市等地点以及价 格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 a seven days holiday 一个七天的假期 Londons weather 伦敦的天气 ten dollars sugar 十美元的糖 of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成, 修饰前面的名词, 表
18、示无生命的名词的所有格。 如 a map of China 一张中国地图 有些名词既可以用s 所有格,也可以用 of 所有格,两者可互换。 the son of our teacher = our teachers son 我们老师的儿子 Unit2 Travelling 过去和现在 past and present 过去常常做某事,曾经做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常是,曾经是used to be + n./adj. 习惯于做某事,适应于做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于,适应于 be/get used to + 名词或代词 被用来做某事(被动
19、语态) be used to do sth. 不同时期的运输工具 transport at different times 过去常常骑自行车去学校 used to go to school by bike = used to ride the bike to school 环游城市 go around the city 搬家 move house 搬到某地 move to sp 搬离(某地) move away (from sp.) (从某地)搬出来 move out (of sp.) 搬进新的公寓 move into the new flats 住在镇北 live in the northe
20、rn part of town = live in the north of town 结婚(动作)/ 结婚(状态) get married / be married (adj.) 和某人结婚 get/be married with sb 嫁给某人 / 娶某人 marry (vt.) sb. 把 A 嫁给 B marry A to B 对.很了解 know very well 从那时起 since then 在几年间改变很多 change a lot over the years 搬到两个街区远的地方 move two blocks away 在镇中心 in the town centre =
21、 in the centre of town 把 A 变成 B turn A into B= change A into B 把镇中心的部分地方变成一个新地方 turn part of the town centre into a new park 把废弃物倒进河里 put the waste into the river 意识到这个问题 realize the problem 采取行动改善这个情况 take action to improve the situation 一家钢铁厂/ 两家钢铁厂 a steel factory / two steel factories 在某些方面,在某种程
22、度上 in some ways 通过很多方法 in many ways 打牌下中国象棋 play cards and Chinese chess 感到有点寂寞 feel a bit lonely= feel a little lonely 一座偏远的山村 a lonely mountain village 独自生活 live alone 有时,偶尔,间或,时不时地 from time to time = at times = sometimes 像以前一样经常/频繁 as often as before 采访某人 have an interview (n.) with sb.= intervi
23、ew (vt.) sb. 一生(从出生到死或到现在) all ones life / all ones lives 在过去的世纪 over the past century 到现在为止 till/until now 变成一个现代化的小镇 become a modern town 乘公交车进出小镇 travel to and from the town by bus 居住环境 living conditions 天气状况 weather condition 当地人 local people 从美国回来 return from the USA = come back from America 回到
24、某地去 return to sp = go back to sp return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 火车站 the railway station 去国外,出国 go abroad 上一次互相见面 last see each other (adv.) 主要通过邮件联系 mainly communicate by email 和某人交流 communicate with sb. = have a communication with sb. 使联系变得容易多了 make communication much easier 和某人保持联系 kee
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