2021年中考英语语法专题复习考点（三）介词的用法

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1、1 2021 年中考英语语法专题考点（三） ：常见介词的用法 45 个初中常见介词的用法： 1、about 基本含义：a-b-out “A 在在 B 外面外面” 引申含义：“A 和 B 的联系” 1、在、在周围：周围：The kids are sitting about their teacher. I like the necklace about her throat. 2、环绕：、环绕：The bird always flies about the forest. I plan to travel about the world. 3、关于：、关于：a book about Englis

2、h study They are talking about the new film. 4、adv 大约 固定搭配： 1、How about.? 2、something+adj+about X 一些关于一些关于 X 的的 adj 的事的事 2、above 基本含义：a-b-over “A 在在 B 上方上方” 引申含义： 1、在在上方上方:The sun rose above the horizon. 2、数目大于数目大于/重量超过重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于价格（能力、地位）高于 There is nothing in the store above 50 cents. “He who

3、 comes after me is above me ,because he was before me” 固定搭配： 1、above all: 首先（强调重要性）首先（强调重要性） Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician. 2、above all things: 最最最最 What you need, above all things, is confidence. 3、be above oneself: 兴高采烈兴高采烈=high spirit When he heard the good news, he was above him

4、self. 3、across 基本含义：a-grass “A 走过一片草坪走过一片草坪” 引申含义： 1、穿过穿过：She walked across the road. 2、在在.对面对面: The bar is just across the street. 3、交叉交叉：He sat with his arms across his chest. The two lines pass across each other at right angles. 固定搭配： 1、A come across B. A 偶遇偶遇 B。 I came across Yu Minhong the othe

5、r day. 2 2、A get sth across to B. A 使某物被使某物被 B 了解。了解。 I want to get my theory across to all students. 4、after 基本含义：“A 在在 B 之后之后” （强调顺序） 引申含义： 1、在在之后之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序）（时间顺序、空间顺序） After dinner, they went out for a walk. I should after him, but he still went on. 2、照着照着的样子的样子 Read the sentence after me, ple

6、ase. The building is named after the famous hero. I will make a box after that one. 固定搭配： 1、be after 寻找寻找/go after 追逐追逐/run after 追求追求 You should run after your own dream. 2、after all 不管怎样不管怎样 （即：在任何事情之后都一样）（即：在任何事情之后都一样） After all, he is your father. 3、look after 照顾照顾 5、against 基本含义：a-g-e“相对相对” 引申含

7、义： 1、碰着、靠着碰着、靠着：She was leaning against a tree. 2、反对反对：We should fight against crimes. 3、预防预防：Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪 固定搭配： 1、go against 违反违反（故意违反某人的意志） He chose to go against his family. 2、be against （1）违反）违反（违反法律、制度） It is against the law to hunt tigers. (2) 反对反对 Lincoln was strongly a

8、gainst slavery. （3）不利于）不利于 What he said is against him. 6、around 基本含义：a-round”A 在一个圆里面在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）（在一定范围内） 引申含义： 1、在、在周围周围:There are many bars around the towm. 2、在附近、到处：、在附近、到处：I showed him around our campus. 3、 【、 【adv】大约：】大约： There are around 1000 people watching the game. 3 7、at 基本含义:“朝向一点朝向一点

9、” 引申含义: 1、小地点、小地点,或小时间点或小时间点 Usually, he is at his office in the morning. I arrived at home at 7:00. Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at 2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 He showed no sign of pleasure at seeing her. Be surprised/excited at; 8、as 基本含义:a-s “一个一个/同个什么同个什么” 引申含义: 1、当作；作为；当作；作为；以以的身

10、份：的身份： He poses as a friend. I do not think much of her as a musician. 2、像，如同，跟像，如同，跟一样：一样： I only said it as a joke.我只是开玩笑说说而已。 3、表示比较表示比较像像(一样一样)： as early as 1848 早在 1848 年 eyes as clear as crystals 水晶般明亮的眼睛 4、例如：例如： In some words in English the initial h is not sounded,as honour,hour,honesty,etc

11、. 9、before 基本含义：“在在之前之前“（时间、空间、顺序）（时间、空间、顺序） 引申含义： 1、时间上：、时间上：Please come back before 10:00pm. 2、空间上：、空间上：Dont put the cart before the horse. 3、顺序上：、顺序上：Health should come before wealth. 固定搭配： 1、before long:过不了多久过不了多久 2、before time:提前提前 10、behind 基本含义：be + hide “在在之后之后“ 引申含义： 1、空间上，在、空间上，在后面后面: A do

12、g is running behind us. 2、在后台操纵：、在后台操纵：There must be someone behind it. 3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后; New York is 12 hours behind Beijing in time. He was behind others in ability. 11、beside 基本含义：be+side “在在边上边上” 引申含义： 1、在、在.旁边旁边=next to; by the side of 4 a town beside the sea She sat beside the

13、 teacher. 2、与、与.相比相比=compared with My work is so poor beside yours. 固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形 12、besides 基本含义：“除除外，还有外，还有” There were 2 other students in the classroom besides Tom. 13、between 基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间在两者之间” 引申含义： 1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间： Between two strange buildings stands a tree.

14、His age is between sixty and seventy. 2、表示两者之间的某种关系 He has to decide between life and death. This is a secret between life and death（仅在我们俩之间）（仅在我们俩之间）. Kyou should learn between lines（字里行间）. 14、beyond 基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）（在彼处）=在在之外之外 引申含义： 1、“在远处、在在远处、在的那一边的那一边” What lies beyond my reach. 2、“超出超出的限度的限度

15、”（能力认识）（能力认识） The fruit was beyond my reach. 3、“除除了了” I cant tell you anything beyond what you already know. 固定搭配： 1、beyond words 无法形容 2、beyond understanding 难以理解 3、beyond cure 无可救药 4、beyond endurance 无法忍受 15、by 基本意思：by 后面的名词很重要后面的名词很重要 引申含义： 1、在、在旁边旁边 We prefer a table by the window. 2、到、到时候时候 We h

16、ave studied several prepositions by now. I shall have finished the work by the time you return. 5 3、通过、通过;根据根据; He can tell the direction by the stars. Dont judge a person by his looks. 4、按、按计算计算 Eggs are usually sold by dozen. The temperature has risen by 5 degrees. 5、被、被； He was shocked by what he

17、 had seen. 固定搭配： 1、by accident/chance 偶然 2、by all means 想尽一切办法、一定要 3、by no means 绝不、一点儿也不 4、by turns 轮流 5、by mistake 出于误会 16、despite 基本意思：尽管、不顾尽管、不顾=in spite of The old professor kept on working despite his poor health. 17、down 基本意思：向下向下 引申含义： 1、表示自上而下、表示自上而下 In order to catch the bus they run down

18、the hill. Tears run down her face quietly. 2、沿着河、沿着路、沿着河、沿着路 He walked down the road. We sailed down the river. 固定搭配 Sth break down 坏了 Let sb down 令某人失望 18、during 基本意思：在在期间期间 引申含义： 1、在整个、在整个期间期间 Not a word did they say during the meal. I havent had any meat during the last several years. 2、在、在期间的某个时

19、刻期间的某个时刻 I saw Linda during the meeting. 19、except 基本意思：ex-cept 拿出来拿出来 Everyone was here except Tom. 6 【注意】【注意】 besides 表示“加”，except 表示“减” 20、for 基本意思：“为为” 引申含义： 1、为了、为了 I bought a gift for you. He played football for England. He paid 50 cents for that book. 2、因为、因为 Bejing is famous for its long his

20、tory. I thank you for what you have done for me. 3、作为、作为 I had some chocolate for breakfast. 4、表示时间、距离的长短、表示时间、距离的长短 I havent seen you for years. For miles and miles you see nothing but trees. 固定搭配： long for; thirst for 渴望 for the moment; for the present 现在、此刻 for the sake of 为了 I bear all this for

21、the sake of my work. for my part 对我而言 for fear of 唯恐./以防. for pleasure; for fun 为了消遣 for sale 出售 21、in 基本意思：在.范围之中 引申含义： 1、在、在.范围之中（时间、地点）范围之中（时间、地点） We sat down in the shade of the trees. Rome was not built in a day. 2、在、在.情绪之中情绪之中 I am in doubt about it. They are in great enthusiasm about the proj

22、ect. 3、在、在.状态之中状态之中 You have put yourself in danger. Their economy was in chaos. Please put all the books in order. 4、穿着、穿着. The police were all in plain clothes. 7 I was in a jacket that day. 5、用、用.语言语言 The letters were written in Chinese. Whats this in Englishi? 固定搭配： in a sense 在某种程度上 in accordan

23、ce 根据.；按照. in advance 提前 in general 一般而言 in ones opinion 根据某人观点 22、inside 基本含义：在在.里面（静态）里面（静态） I looked into the box, only to find nothing inside it. 23、into 基本含义：进入进入.的里面（动态）的里面（动态） 引申含义： 1、进入、进入.的里面的里面 It was rainning, so they went into the house. He immediately copied those sentences into his boo

24、k. 2、进入某种状态、进入某种状态 I burst into tears/laughter. You must put the theory into practice. 3、变成、变成./成为成为. The book has been translated into many languages. Those experiences have changed him into a true man. 固定搭配： get sb into trouble/difficulties 使遇到麻烦 look into 调查，研究 run into 碰到，邂逅 24、like 基本含义：“像” He

25、looks like his father. It was like fishing for a needle in the ocean. It was not like her. 25、of 基本含义：“属于某个集合属于某个集合” 引申含义： 1、属于、属于 I am a student of this school. 2、由、由.制成的制成的 8 The desk is made of wood. 3、表示人或物的性质、表示人或物的性质 They two are of the same height. English is of great importance. 4、表示后者修饰前者的、

26、表示后者修饰前者的 A of B The 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City of Beijing. 5、表示前者修饰后者的、表示前者修饰后者的 A of B(此时此时 A 为数量词为数量词) Millions of people are celebrating the festival. 26、off 基本含义：“离开离开” 引申含义； 1、从某物体上分离出来（动态）、从某物体上分离出来（动态） Cut small piece off the bread. Tom fell off the wall. 2、表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态）、表示

27、离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态） The old man lives on an island off the coast. 27、on 基本含义：“吸附吸附” 引申含义： 1、在、在.上面上面 Put the book on the desk. 2、在某个特定的时间上、在某个特定的时间上 The accident happened on the cold winter morning. 3、“关于关于” a lecture on English study. 4、处于某种状态处于某种状态 I am on a tour to Japan. The influence of China is r

28、apidly on the rise. 28、opposite 基本含义：”op-po”对立，在对面对立，在对面 I am sitting opposite Tom. 29、out of 基本含义：“出出” 引申含义“ 1、从、从.出发、从出发、从.出来出来 He ran out of the house. 2、从总体中从总体中“分离出分离出“一部分一部分 Three out of four people are in favor of the plan. 3、“出于出于“ 9 I study English out of interest. 4、没有了、没有了 I have run out

29、of money. I was out of breath when I got there. 5、从中提取出来（类似于、从中提取出来（类似于 made from） Flour is made out of wheat. 30、outside 基本含义：out+side“在外边在外边“ 引申含义： 1、外部的、外部的 Outside the window lies a bridge. 2、除了、除了=excepet No one knows it outside the members of my own family. 31、over 基本含义：盖在.上面 引申含义： 1、在、在.上面上面

30、I put a cloth over the table. I saw a bridge over the river. 2、在、在.问题上问题上 Do not cry over spilt milk. 3、凌驾于、凌驾于.之上之上 The king rules over the empire. 32、past 基本含义：超过 引申含义： 1、经过、经过 I drove past your house yesterday. 2、时间或年龄上超过、时间或年龄上超过 It is a quarter past nine. 33、regarding 基本含义：有意识地相关有意识地相关 He wants

31、 to talk with me regarding his future. Regarding you recent enquiry. 关于您最近的询问 34、since 基本含义：自从自从 引申含义： He has not written to his parents since last Christmas. 10 I have been in Beijing since 2010. I have been here since then. 35、through 基本含义：穿过（跐溜）穿过（跐溜） 引申含义： 1、通过、穿过、通过、穿过 Walk through the door. 2、

32、贯穿一段时间、贯穿一段时间 It keeps raining through April. 3、经历、经历 He has gone through the whole event. 4、通过某种途径、通过某种途径 The American people won their freedom through struggle. 36、throughout 基本含义：全部包括全部包括 引申含义： 1、在整个、在整个.地区地区 The good news has spread throughout the country. 2、在整个、在整个.时间时间 He has been feeling bad

33、throughout the day. 37、to 基本含义：“去、到去、到”，强调目的、方向，强调目的、方向 引申含义： 1、“到到”某个位置、方向某个位置、方向 go to school 2、“到到”某个时间、数目某个时间、数目 Dont leave things to the last moment. 3、“到到”某个状态某个状态 The music can put you to sleep in a short while. 4、“对着对着”某个对象某个对象 Dont yell to me. 5、“对于对于”某个对象某个对象 It is important to me. 38、towa

34、rds 基本含义：方向、趋势方向、趋势 引申含义： 1、表示动作的方向、表示动作的方向 He ran toward to horizon. 2、“对于对于” She has a mixed feeling towards him. 11 39、under 基本含义：在在.之下之下 引申含义： 1、在某物之下：、在某物之下： The dog likes sitting under the table. 2、少于、少于 Its population is under 2000. 3、受、受.支配支配 We will be very happy to work under his leadershi

35、p. 40、until / till 基本含义：某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点 I shall go on working until next week. In any case, its better to wait until tomorrow. 41、up 基本含义：“向上向上” 引申含义： 1、向、向.上面，由上面，由.向上向上 He ran up the hill. 2、沿着马路、沿着河、沿着马路、沿着河 He lived up the river. We walked together up the garden path. 42、u

36、pon 基本含义：upon = on 较正式较正式 This is a book upon English. 43、with 基本含义：在一起，伴随在一起，伴随 引申含义： 1、“和和.在一起、一道在一起、一道” He lives with his parents. 2、支持某人、支持某人 I am with you on your point. 3、对的态度或情绪、对的态度或情绪 The dog is friendly with me. My father is strict with me. 4、“用、以用、以” Kill two birds with one stone. 5、带着、带着 12 Dont go to bed with anger. 44、within 基本含义：在在.之内之内 引申含义： 1、在、在.之内之内 A desire for success burns within him. 2、不超过、不超过. The book is within reach of the students. 45、without 基本含义：没有没有 引申含义： 1、没有、没有.事物事物 We couldnt have finished the work without you . 2、没有做、没有做. He left without telling me.