2021届高三英语二轮专题复习阅读中的常见词汇妙招1:依据前后缀归类记单词
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1、背计系列背计系列 1 阅读中的常见词汇阅读中的常见词汇 妙招妙招 1 依据前后缀归类记单词依据前后缀归类记单词 前缀前缀置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分 1否定前缀否定前缀 un- uneasy 心神不安的 unfortunately 不幸地 unhealthy 不健康的 unnecessary 不必要的 unwise 不明智的 I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers. 面对这么多陌生人,我感觉很不自在。 Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the d
2、rought were felt all over the country. 不幸的是,干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地。 Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. 虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象,但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。 non- nonprofit 非营利性的 nonliving 无生命的 nonserious 不要紧的 nonverbal 非言辞的 An ecosystem consists of the living and nonlivi
3、ng things in an area that interact with one another. 生态系统包括同一地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。 In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation” 事实上,关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力” 。 im- (in- , ir- ) impatience 不耐烦 impossible 不可能的 improperly 不适当地 i
4、mpractical 不现实的 independence 独立 irregularly 不规则地 A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics. 不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。 Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year. 产品因使用不当而造成的损坏,第一年可享受免费维修。 dis- distrust 不信任 disability 残疾 discourage 使气馁 disappo
5、inted 失望的 disagree 不同意 disuse 废弃 The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to a greater risk of disability. 研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。 Do not let any failures discourage you. 别让任何失败使你一蹶不振。 They made some experiments in a house disused for years. 他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。 2错误前缀错误前缀 mis- misun
6、derstand 误解 mistake 错误 miscalculate 误算;对判断错误 misconception 误解,错觉 If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times. 如果我没算错的话,总共有 3 次。 There are some common misconceptions about the American family values. 关于美国的家庭价值观,存在一些常见的错误观念。 Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes. 误解常会导致大错误。 3方位前缀方位前缀 super- (
7、也可表示程度) superhero 超级英雄 superiority 优越;优等 superman 超人 supermarket 超市 superstar 巨星;超级明星 superstore 大型超市 They should focus on the superiority of products. 他们应该关注产品的优势。 Supermarkets make our life more convenient. 超市让我们的生活更便利。 Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern
8、cameras. 超级巨星们不能随意行动,因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。 sub- suburb 郊区 subway 地铁 substitute 代替 Four new subway lines have been built in our city. 我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线路。 The baby monkeys picked the soft mother- substitutes as their favourites. 猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。 over- overestimate 高估 overreact 反应过度 overuse
9、 过度使用 overcrowded 过度拥挤的 He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his. 对那些反对他想法的不同观点,他忍不住反应过度了。 Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine.健康的生活方式也意味着 避免用药过量。 It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in th
10、e centre of the city.人们期望它一天能够承载 20 000 辆卡车和汽车,这样就可以大 大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。 trans- transfer 转移;转乘 transport 运输 translate 翻译 transform 转换;改变 transplant 移植 One- way ticket allows you to reach your destination, including transfers within 2 hours. 凭单程票可达目的地,两小时之内换乘有效。 Transport routes, timetables and fare in
11、formation are available from the tourist centre.可从 游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。 后缀后缀置于词根尾部,主要用于改变单词的词性,偶尔用于改变词义置于词根尾部,主要用于改变单词的词性,偶尔用于改变词义 1名词后缀名词后缀 动作执行者 - er (- or, - ar) farmer 农场主;农民 owner 物主 administrator 管理者 author 作者 mayor 市长 The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days
12、annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前 5 年每年可享受 10 天的带薪假期。 The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的书中针对医生说 了些有失公允的话。 - ant applicant 申请人 assistant 助理 In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market. 为了得到好的工作岗位,许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。 I intend to take a
13、part- time job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。 - ist dentist 牙医 scientist 科学家 specialist 专家 tourist 旅行者 Its ten years since the scientist set out on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical element. 从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现在,已经过去 10 年了。 Their needs and problems are more importan
14、t than those of the tourist companies. 与那些旅游公司相比,他们的需求和问题更为重要。 跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀 - ion action 行动 attraction 吸引,吸引力 reaction 反应 satisfaction 满意 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。(行动胜于言辞。) Due to the strong attraction of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves. 由于电子产品的强大吸引力,我们更不独立自主了
15、。 The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear. 该项研究测试了 20 名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应。 - ment amazement 惊奇 appointment 约会;任命 development 发展 improvement 改进,改善 judgment 判断 treatment 治疗,对待 government 政府 unemployment 失业 She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mothers. 她惊讶
16、地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版。 He was satisfied with the improvement of our services. 他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意。 A judgment must be made free from prejudice. 做出的判断应不受偏见的影响。 Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government. 每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。 - ing hearing 听力 living 生活方式,生计 s
17、aying 说话;谚语 training 训练 writing 书法 “You cant judge a book by its cover, ” as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说: “不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏。 ” Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively. 良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。 - ence confidence 信心,信任 convenience 方便 difference 不同,差异 evidence 证据 sil
18、ence 沉默,无言 In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery. 就便捷性而言,与美术馆相比,博物馆有更多优势。 There is usually a difference between ones dream and reality. 一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。 I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet silence. 我把车停在湖边,在美好的静默中享受阅读。 - ure creat
19、ure 生物,动物 failure 失败 pressure 压力 pleasure 愉快,乐趣 structure 结构,体系 By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life. 通过饲养宠物,孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任。 He took great pleasure in biking. 他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣。 Its useful to know something about human body struc
20、ture.对人体构造有所了解还是有 用的。 - ness awareness 意识,察觉 business 生意,业务 carelessness 粗心大意 uneasiness 不安 With self- awareness and self- control, it is possible to change our bad habits. 凭借自我意识和自控能力,改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。 I often make mistakes with carelessness. 我经常会因粗心大意而犯错。 I tried to put aside my uneasiness and go bac
21、k to work. 我尽量克服自己不安的感觉,重新开始工作。 - ity activity 活动 curiosity 好奇心 reality 现实 equality 平等 quality 质量,品质 popularity 普及,流行,受欢迎 Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.人类活动不应为所有水资源的 短缺承担责任。 In reality, equality is not given but gained. 在现实中,平等不是被动给予的,而是主动争取来的。 Janes popularity is rooted
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