2021届高三英语二轮专题复习阅读中的常见词汇妙招4：一词多义对比记单词

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1、背计系列背计系列 1 阅读中的常见词汇阅读中的常见词汇 妙招妙招 4 一词多义对比记单词一词多义对比记单词 1advance 词性词义 例句 vi.前进；上涨 vt.提出 The water is advancing at a rate of 5cm a day. 水位正以每天 5 厘米的速度上升。 n.提前；预先；增长；上涨；预付款 It is a good idea to place your order well in advance. 提前下好订单是个好主意。 adj.预先的；先行的 They have got advance information of the storms app

2、roach. 他们事先已得到将有暴风雨的消息。 2advocate 词性词义 例句 vt.提倡；拥护 The supermarket does not advocate the use of plastic bags. 该超市不支持使用塑料包装袋。 n.提倡者；拥护者 He is an advocate of low carbon lifestyle. 他是一个低碳生活方式的拥护者。 3average 词性词义 例句 n.平均数 His average for his high school course was 90.他高中功课的 平均成绩是 90 分。 adj.平均的 The averag

3、e price of goods rose by just 2.2%.商品的平均价格 仅上涨了 2.2%。 vi.平均 vt.将平均分配 The children average seven years of age. 这些孩子的平均年龄为 7 岁。 4bargain 词性词义 例句 n.便宜货 She knows a bargain when she sees one. 她有辨别便宜货的能力。 vt.&vi.讨价还价 The salesman refused to bargain over price.推销员拒绝讨价还价。 5benefit 词性词义 例句 vt.&vi.受益；得益于 The

4、 students have benefited a lot from their participation in various kinds of social activities. 学生们参与各种社会活动，受益匪浅。 n.益处，好处 Many people find that regular physical activity gives them some unexpected benefits.很多人发现定期运动为他们带来了一些意想 不到的好处。 6cheer 词性词义 例句 vi.欢呼 The crowd cheered loudly when Lang Lang went up

5、 the steps to the bandstand. 当郎朗走上演奏台的台阶时，人群高声欢呼起来。 vt.为欢呼、加油 We all cheered the runners on as they started the last lap.他们进入最 后一圈时，我们都为运动员加油鼓劲。 n.喝彩；欢呼 All the students burst into cheers when he finished his speech on school reform. 当他做完关于学校改革的演讲时，全体学生爆发出了欢呼声。 7content 词性词义 例句 n.内容 The content of t

6、he textbook is quite beyond the childrens understanding. 教材的内容大大超出了孩子们的理解力。 adj.满足的 After a good meal, we were all content. 美餐一顿之后，我们都感到心满意足。 8couple 词性词义 例句 n.一对；一双；一些；几个 There are a couple of books Id like you to read.有几本书我想让 你读读。 n.夫妻 The young couple enjoy wandering around the streets at weekend

7、s. 这对小夫妻喜欢周末在街上闲逛。 vt.连接 The train will be ready to leave when all the carriages have been coupled.当所有车厢都连接好时列车就可以准备开出了。 9crowd 词性词义 例句 n.人群；群众 There was a big crowd and we had trouble getting a taxi. 人群非常拥挤，我们很难打到出租车。 vi.聚集；拥挤 The eager audience crowded into the stadium.迫不及待的观众涌入体育 场内。 vt.塞满 Dont c

8、rowd the bedroom with too much furniture.不要在卧室里摆放过 多的家具。 10express 词性词义 例句 vt.表达 I was too excited to express to you how grateful I am. 我太激动而无法表达对你的深深感激。 adj.明确的；迅速的 He left express instructions to keep all doors locked.他明确指示 要把门都锁好。 n.快车；快递 Where do I take the express to London？ 我在哪里能乘坐开往伦敦的快车？ 11f

9、ancy 词性词义 例句 n.幻想；想象力 The teachers story inspired the fancy of the pupils.老师的故事激发 了学生们的想象力。 adj.想象的；奇特的 The birthday present was packaged in a fancy case with attractive patterns. 生日礼物装在一个有着漂亮图案的别致的盒子里。 vt.想象；喜欢 Some little girls will fancy themselves as pretty princesses. 有些小女孩会把自己想象成漂亮的公主。 12free

10、词性词义 例句 adj.自由的；免费的；空闲的 The teacher demanded that his students do some reading in their free time. 老师要求他的学生在空余时间阅读书籍。 vt.使自由；解放 She freed herself from stress by listening to some soft music. 她通过听柔和的音乐使自己摆脱了压力。 13graduate 词性词义 例句 vi.毕业 I graduated from a teaching college 20 years ago.二十年前我从一所师范学校毕 业。

11、 n.毕业生 Although he was only a high school graduate, he achieved great success in his business.尽管他只是个高中毕业生，但他在自己的生意上取得了很大的成功。 14guide 词性词义 例句 n.指南 Our 10- page guide will help you to change your life for the better. 我们这本十页的指南会帮助你们改善生活。 n.向导 We have arranged for a guide to show you around our city. 我们

12、安排了一名向导带你参观我们的城市。 vt.带领 The local man will guide you to the top of the mountain.这位当地人会带领 你们爬到山顶。 15judge 词性词义 例句 vt.判断；评判 Never judge a person by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。 vt.判决 The woman was finally judged guilty. 那个女人最终被判有罪。 n.法官；裁判 The judge postponed the hearing until next Tuesday.法官将听证会 延至下周二。 16

13、major 词性词义 例句 n.攻读某个专业 的学生 As English majors, they take great interest in the culture of English- speaking countries. 作为英语专业的学生，他们对说英语国家的文化很感兴趣。 vi.专攻；主修 They are students majoring in Chemistry, who have to spend a lot of time in the lab doing experiments every day. 他们是主修化学的学生，每天都得花大量的时间在实验室做实验。 adj

14、. 主要的 In some cities in North China, air pollution has become a major health hazard. 在中国北方的一些城市，空气污染成了人们健康的主要威胁。 17mask 词性词义 例句 n.面具 A man wearing a mask robbed the store last night.昨天晚上，一个戴面具的男人抢 劫了这家商店。 vt.掩盖 They tried hard to mask their true intentions.他们努力掩盖他们的真实意图。 18match 词性词义 例句 n.比赛 In the

15、European countries many football fans will enjoy the matches in the pub during the World Cup.世界杯期间，很多欧洲国家的球迷 喜欢在酒吧看比赛。 n.火柴 My younger brother collected a lot of car models which were as small as match boxes. 我弟弟收集了许多像火柴盒一样小的汽车模型。 n.匹配 All their friends regard the couple as a perfect match.所有朋友都认为 他

16、们是天生一对。 vt.把嫁给 The rich man refused to match his daughter with the poor clerk.这个 有钱人拒绝把女儿嫁给那个贫穷的文员。 vt.比得上 It seemed that no one in the world could match the skill of the well- known carver. 世界上似乎没有人的技艺能比得上那位出名的雕刻师。 vt.&vi.匹配 Your white trousers match your shoes well. 你的白裤子和鞋很相配。 19material 词性词义 例句

17、n.材料 The project was delayed because of the shortage of some materials. 由于某些材料的短缺工程被拖延了。 adj.物质的；实质的 People have to give up some material comfort to stop global warming.人们不得不放弃一些物质享受以阻止全球变暖。 20mean 词性词义 例句 adj.吝啬的 He was such a mean businessman that he would never lend a penny to his partners. 他是一位非

18、常吝啬的生意人，他从不借一分钱给合作者。 vi.意欲 What do you mean by buying so many books on economics at a time？ 你一次买那么多经济方面的书想要干什么？ vt.意味着 His promotion means a raise in salary. 他的升职意味着加薪。 21measure 词性词义 例句 n.措施；方法 What measures will you take to improve your oral English？你会采取什 么方法来提高你的英语口语水平？ vt.衡量；测量 Do you figure out

19、 some effective measures to measure the height of the cliff？ 你找到测量悬崖高度的有效方法了吗？ 22mind 词性词义 例句 vt.介意 Do you mind my opening the window？ 你介意我开窗吗？ vt.照顾；照看 My son can mind the store for me. 我儿子能帮我照看商店。 vt.务必 Mind you tell my father. 你别忘了告诉我父亲。 n.大脑 Im trying to clear my mind of all this. 我试图把这一切都从我脑子里清

20、理出去。 n.才智 Studying stretched my mind and got me thinking about things. 学习扩展了我的才智，使我开始思考。 23move 词性词义 例句 n.移动；行动 He is still thinking about his next move. 他仍在考虑他的下一步行动。 vi.&vt.移动 As his legs were hurt in the accident, he was unable to move himself.因为在事 故中双腿受伤，所以他无法让自己挪动一步。 vi.迁移；离开 Many young people

21、move from countryside to the cities to seek more working opportunities.很多年轻人从乡村来到城市，寻找更多的工作机会。 vt.感动 All the people in the neighbourhood were moved by the young man who saved three drowned children at the cost of his own life. 附近的所有人都被这个以牺牲自己的生命为代价救了三个溺水的孩子的年 轻人感动了。 24narrow 词性词义 例句 v.缩小 The teacher

22、 asked the students to narrow down their topics before writing. 老师要求学生写作前先把题目的范围缩小。 adj.窄的 Its impossible for me to drive my car through such a narrow path.要我开车从 那么窄的弄堂里穿过去是不可能的。 25object 词性词义 例句 n.目标；目的 He told me the object of the activity is to raise money for the charity to help the childless ol

23、d people.他告诉我此次活动的目的是为慈善募捐来 帮助那些无儿无女的老人。 vi.反对 We will not put it into practice if you object to the plan. 如果你反对这个计划，我们就不实施了。 26overlook 词性词义 例句 vt.忽略 Some successful businessmen were so busy that they overlooked some sorts of warning signals about their health. 一些成功的商人因为太忙而忽略了一些与他们健康有关的警告信号。 vt.俯瞰

24、In the new house we have three pretty and comfortable rooms overlooking a grassland. 在我们的新房子里有三个漂亮而舒适的房间可以俯瞰一片草地。 27pack 词性词义 例句 vt.包装 They offered the laid- off worker a job of packing boxes in a warehouse.他们 为那位下岗工人提供了一份在仓库打包的工作。 vi.打点行李 We are busy packing for a journey. 我们忙着为旅行打点行李。 n.包裹；背包 When

25、 you climb a mountain, you should take everything unnecessary out of your pack.你爬山时应把所有不需要的东西从包里拿出去。 n.一组；一伙 A pack of wolves went ravening about in the forest.一群狼在森林中到处觅 食。 28power 词性词义 例句 n.权力 It is within my power. 那是在我的权力范围之内。 n.能力；力量 It seems that the Internet has the power to change the way we

26、 live. 互联网似乎有能力改变我们的生活方式。 vt.促进 A second Green Revolution will be powered by the wonder of genetic engineering. 基因工程将推动第二次绿色革命。 29press 词性词义 例句 n.压力 Now many young people feel the press of modern life.现在很多年 轻人都感受到了现代生活的压力。 n.新闻；出版社 He will announce something important at the press conference. 他会在记者招

27、待会上宣布一些重要的事情。 vt.压；按；施加压力 Dont press your opinion on the younger generation.不要将你的想 法强加给年轻的一代。 30race 词性词义 例句 n.种族 In some countries, some white people have prejudice against the coloured races. 在一些国家，有些白人对有色人种有偏见。 n.赛跑 My son won the first prize in the race competition in school. 我儿子在学校的跑步比赛中获得了第一名。

28、 vi.疾跑 She jumped off her bicycle and raced to the library.她跳下自行车飞奔向 图书馆。 vt.和赛跑 Ill race you to the bus stop. 我要和你比一比谁先跑到公交车站。 31rank 词性词义 例句 n.军衔 He eventually rose to the rank of captain in his forties. 在四十多岁的时候他最终升到了上尉军衔。 n.等级 The wealthy man bought the masterpiece of a painter of the first rank

29、. 这位有钱人买了一幅一流画家的杰作。 vt.把分等级 Ma Long is ranked among the best ping- pang players in the world.马 龙被列入世界上最优秀的乒乓球运动员之列。 vt.排列 His books were tidily ranked on the shelf. 他的书都整齐地排列在书架上。 32regard 词性词义 例句 vt.认为；看待；考虑 He was regarded as one of the greatest basketball players in the world. 他被认为是世界上最伟大的篮球运动员之一

30、。 She left the school without regarding her parents opinion. 她没有考虑父母的意见就离开了学校。 n.尊重 We have very high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我们很尊重他和他取得的成就。 33ruin 词性词义 例句 n.废墟 They hoped that they could find some critical evidence in the ruins, but in vain. 他们希望能在废墟上找到关键的证据，但是徒劳无功。 vt.破坏；摧毁 Their

31、friendship over the years was ruined by misunderstanding. 他们多年的友谊被误解所破坏。 34score 词性词义 例句 vt.得分 The middle school student scored an average of 146 on three separate IQ tests. 这名中学生在三个独立的智商测试中得到了 146 分的平均分。 n.分数 He won the US Open Golf Tournament with a score of 287. 他以 287 分在美国高尔夫公开赛中夺冠。 n.几十 There a

32、re scores of boxes in the warehouse.仓库里有几十个箱子。 35sense 词性词义 例句 vt.感觉到；感知 She was disappointed and angry when she sensed that he didnt tell the truth to her. 当她发现他没有告诉她真相时，她感到失望又生气。 vt.理解 Most students cant sense the meaning of the sentence.多数学生都不懂 这个句子的意思。 n.道理；理智 What my grandpa said always made se

33、nse. 我爷爷说的话总是很有道理。 36sink 词性词义 例句 vi.沉没 The ship hit the iceberg and sank fast. 船撞到冰山并迅速沉没了。 vt.使下沉；使低落 In a battle at sea, we succeeded in sinking five enemys ships. 在一次海战中，我们成功击沉了五艘敌船。 n.水槽 The sink was full of dirty dishes. 水槽里满是脏盘子。 37spare 词性词义 例句 adj.空余的；多余的 Youd better read as many books as p

34、ossible in your spare time. 你最好在空余时间尽量多读书。 vt.宽恕 We should not pity nor spare our enemy. 我们既不应同情也不应宽恕我们的敌人。 vt.缓解 Your joke spared her embarrassment. 你的笑话缓解了她的尴尬。 vt.分出；分让 We spare no effort to keep the peace between the two parties. 我们不遗余力地使双方保持和平。 38stress 词性词义 例句 n.压力 He suffered from insomnia be

35、cause of the heavy stress from his work. 他因工作压力大而患上了失眠症。 vt.强调 The spokesman stressed the importance of fairness and harmony. 发言人强调了公平、和谐的重要性。 n.重音 While pronouncing the word, put the stress in the second syllable. 读这个单词时，把重音放在第二个音节上。 vt.重读 The nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the sentences s

36、hould be stressed while reading.读句子时，句子中的名词、动词、形容词和副 词都应该重读。 39strike 词性词义 例句 n.罢工 The organizers of the strike are determined to press on until the employers agree to shorten their working time.罢工组织者决心将继续罢工直到雇 主同意缩短工作时间。 vt.打击 He was struck by a heavy blow and lost consciousness. 他被重重地打了一下，失去了知觉。 v

37、t.撞击 To avoid hitting the passers- by, she made a sudden turn and her car directly struck a tree.为了避免撞到行人，她一个急转， 她的车直接撞到 了树上。 40swallow 词性词义 例句 n.吞咽 He lifted his cup and took a swallow of coffee.他拿起杯子，喝了一口咖 啡。 n.燕子 One swallow doesnt make a summer. 一燕不成夏。 vt.吞咽；吞；吞并 You should chew your food well b

38、efore you swallow it.你应该细嚼食物 后，再吞下去。 Many small companies have been swallowed up by the huge multinational. 许多小公司被这家大型跨国企业吞并了。 41switch 词性词义 例句 n.开关；闸 She put some dirty dishes into the dishwasher, shut the door and pressed the switch. 她把那些脏盘子放入洗碗机，关上门后按了开始键。 vt.转换；关上 He left the house without switc

39、hing off the light.他离开了屋 子，没有关灯。 vt.突然夺下；迅速移动 He switched the letter from my hand and read it before class. 他一把抢过我手里的信，在全班同学面前念了起来。 42track 词性词义 例句 vt.追踪 The policemen tracked the criminal to his hideout.警察追踪罪犯到了他的藏 身之处。 n.踪迹 They faded away in the darkness, leaving no tracks.他们消失在黑夜中，没有 留下一点踪迹。 n.小

40、路 They passed a muddy track through the forest.他们穿过森林的泥泞小路。 43treasure 词性词义 例句 n.珍宝 The old castle was large and full of art treasures. 这座古老的城堡很大，里面满是艺术珍宝。 vt.珍惜 She treasures her memories of those joyous days living together with her best friend in the countryside.她很珍惜和最好的朋友一起 在农村度过的快乐岁月。 44trick 词

41、性词义 例句 vt.欺骗 The old lady was tricked into buying something expensive but useless. 这位老妇人被骗买了很贵且无用的东西。 n.把戏；玩笑 They are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me. 他们正在捉弄那个一直骚扰我的男人。 45view 词性词义 例句 vt.看作；认为；考虑 We can view the problems in many ways. 我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。 n.观点 From my point of view, he

42、is innocent although he appeared at scene.我的观点是：尽管他出现在现场，但他是无辜的。 n.景色 Living in this room, you can go to bed with one view and wake up with another. 住在这个房间，你可以在一种景色的相伴中入眠，而在醒来 时看到另一种景色。 46witness 词性词义 例句 vt.见证；目击 Over the past 20 years, the city has witnessed dramatic changes. 二十年来，这个城市见证了引人注目的变化。 n.目击者 It was reported that the only witness of the accident was killed at home. 据报道，事故的唯一目击者在家中被杀了。