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当前位置：首页 > 初中 > 初中英语 > 英语中考 > 一轮复习 > 【语法专项突破】第16讲阅读理解2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）

【语法专项突破】第16讲阅读理解2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）

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1、返回导航上一页下一页第三部分第三部分中考题型突破中考题型突破题型一题型一阅读理解阅读理解中考加油 D R EA M 返回导航上一页下一页 01 解题技巧盘点 PART ONE 02 精选考题测评 PART TWO 目录 CONTENTSCONTENTS 奋斗中考精彩未来返回导航上一页下一页选择型阅读选择型阅读一、细节理解题一、细节理解题 (一一)细节理解类题目常见设问方式细节理解类题目常见设问方式 1Which of the following is (NOT) true/false according to the passage? 2Choose the

2、 RIGHT order of the events given in the passage. 3Which is NOT mentioned in the passage? 4All of the following sentences are true EXCEPT 返回导航上一页下一页 (二二)细节理解题方法突破细节理解题方法突破细节理解题往往是针对短文中某个细节来设题。做此类题细节理解题往往是针对短文中某个细节来设题。做此类题，应快速捕应快速捕捉信息捉信息，利用题目中的关键词利用题目中的关键词，寻找文中的对应词寻找文中的对应词，在对应词周围在对应词周围找答案找答案或直接在文

3、中搜索答案对号入座。命题者在出此类题时惯用或直接在文中搜索答案对号入座。命题者在出此类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、偷梁换柱、张冠李戴张冠李戴”等手法来迷惑考生等手法来迷惑考生，在细微处做改动在细微处做改动，因果倒置。因此考生需因果倒置。因此考生需要格外要格外小心。此外还要注意句子的非主干成分小心。此外还要注意句子的非主干成分，如：定语、状语和补语等如：定语、状语和补语等，返回导航上一页下一页这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。所以我们一定要克服习惯性思这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。所以我们一定要克服习惯性思维的影响维的影响，认真审题认真审题，逐一排除。特别需要注意的是如果选项中

4、出现太绝逐一排除。特别需要注意的是如果选项中出现太绝对化的词对化的词，如：如：the only(唯一唯一)，most(最最)，all(所有所有)，never(从不从不)，every(每每一个一个)，选择判断时要慎选。选择判断时要慎选。返回导航上一页下一页二、词义猜测题二、词义猜测题 (一一)词义猜测类题目常见设问方式词义猜测类题目常见设问方式 1The underlined word . in the passage means/refers to . 2The expression . probably means . 3What does the underlined word

5、 .mean in Chinese? 4The underlined word . is closest in meaning to . 返回导航上一页下一页 (二二)词义猜测题方法突破词义猜测题方法突破此类题的考查形式有：英语此类题的考查形式有：英语(单词或短语单词或短语)汉语、英语汉语、英语英语。解英语。解答此类试题答此类试题，需要根据前后的比较对照关系需要根据前后的比较对照关系，对它的定义对它的定义(描述描述)、重述以及、重述以及举例等进行猜测。有以下几种猜测技巧：举例等进行猜测。有以下几种猜测技巧： 1通过因果关系猜测词义。注意关联词通过因果关系猜测词义。注意关联词 beca

6、use，so 等。等。 2通过同义词或反义词猜测词义。注意关联词通过同义词或反义词猜测词义。注意关联词 and，but，however 等。等。 3通过构词法猜测词义。注意前后缀通过构词法猜测词义。注意前后缀- less，un ，im ，over 等。等。返回导航上一页下一页 4通过上下文猜测词义。通过上下文猜测词义。 5通过定义或释义猜测词义。注意通过定义或释义猜测词义。注意 that is，be called，in other words， mean，be known as 等词汇或者破折号。等词汇或者破折号。 6根据生活常识猜测词义。根据生活常识猜测词义。 7根据单词的发音进行推测

7、。如：根据单词的发音进行推测。如：typhoon(台风台风)，chocolate(巧克力巧克力) 等。等。返回导航上一页下一页三、推理判断题三、推理判断题 (一一)推理判断类题目常见设问方式推理判断类题目常见设问方式 1What can you conclude(推断推断) from this passage? 2We can infer(推断推断)/know/learn from the passage that 3Thesentence/passage implies(暗含暗含)/suggests(暗示暗示) that 返回导航上一页下一页 (二二)推理判断题方法突破推理判断题

8、方法突破此类题需要根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、此类题需要根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断。这类推断题通常包括：数字事实推断、常识推文章论调和倾向进行推断。这类推断题通常包括：数字事实推断、常识推断以及作者写作断以及作者写作目的、态度等推断。做好此类题要注意：目的、态度等推断。做好此类题要注意： 1原文语句原文语句不能选。不能选。 2文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章主观臆断。要对已知的事实做出文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章主观臆断。要对已知的事实做出合理的判断合理的判断，有时还需要借助常识进行判断。有时还需要借助常识进行判断

9、。返回导航上一页下一页四、主旨大意题四、主旨大意题 (一一)主旨大意类题目常见设问方式主旨大意类题目常见设问方式 1主旨句设问类型主旨句设问类型 (1)What does the passage mainly talk about? (2)What s the main idea of this passage? (3)The passage mainly tells us . 返回导航上一页下一页 2最佳标题选择类型最佳标题选择类型 (1)The best title of the passage might be . (2)What s the best title of th

10、e passage? 3作者主旨意图类型作者主旨意图类型 (1)What s the writer s opinion according to the passage? (2)What s the purpose of the passage? (3)What does the writer want to tell us? 返回导航上一页下一页 (二二)主旨大意题方法突破主旨大意题方法突破此类题型要求考生在理解全文的基础上此类题型要求考生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。做这种题目时价。做这种题目时，不能只凭文中的不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取

11、义只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的如涉及文章的标题标题(title)、主题、主题(main idea)、结论、结论(conclusion)和结局和结局(ending)等有关问题等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获从而获取文章的内在信息。在解答标题归纳这种题型取文章的内在信息。在解答标题归纳这种题型时时，首先首先，要考虑标题对文要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面的程度。一般要求能覆盖全文内容章的概括性或覆盖面的程度。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。体现文章主旨。返回导航上一页下一页其

12、次其次，要考虑标题的针对性要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大大，也不能太小也不能太小，精确度要高。它可以是单词、短语精确度要高。它可以是单词、短语，也也可以是句子。可以是句子。最最后后，要注意标题的醒目性。总而言之要注意标题的醒目性。总而言之，要要注意首尾段注意首尾段，找到主题句找到主题句，提炼提炼关键词关键词，概括主旨或标题。概括主旨或标题。返回导航上一页下一页任务型阅读任务型阅读根据中招

13、还原句子题型的特点根据中招还原句子题型的特点，解题技巧可分为以下几点：解题技巧可分为以下几点：一、通读全文一、通读全文，掌握大意掌握大意考生应先通读全文考生应先通读全文，尤其是首尾两段尤其是首尾两段，掌握整篇文章的主旨大意。掌握整篇文章的主旨大意。二、浏览备选项二、浏览备选项，逐个分析逐个分析通读全文之后通读全文之后，考生应分析备选项考生应分析备选项，在理解备选项句意的基础上分析在理解备选项句意的基础上分析句子的关键信息。句子的关键信息。返回导航上一页下一页三、结合文章三、结合文章，填写句子填写句子分析完备选项之后分析完备选项之后，考生可根据文章中的关键提示信息选择正确考生

14、可根据文章中的关键提示信息选择正确答案答案，在此环节在此环节，通常要注意以下几通常要注意以下几点：点： 1“还原句子还原句子”的语篇材料通常结构清晰、层次分明的语篇材料通常结构清晰、层次分明，而且有比较明而且有比较明显的线索。如果是记叙文显的线索。如果是记叙文，则通常以事件的发展过程为顺序则通常以事件的发展过程为顺序，根据事件的根据事件的发展以及上下文之间的联系发展以及上下文之间的联系，可以确定挖空处所缺的句子。如果是说明文可以确定挖空处所缺的句子。如果是说明文，则要根据介绍的顺序及上下文语境来解题。则要根据介绍的顺序及上下文语境来解题。返回导航上一页下一页 2当确定某个选项之后

15、当确定某个选项之后，在方框中划掉这个选项在方框中划掉这个选项，以逐步排除干扰项。以逐步排除干扰项。 3 要格外留意文章中出现的一些表示顺序或次序的词要格外留意文章中出现的一些表示顺序或次序的词，如：如： first， next， finally 以及以及 first of all，second 等。这些词及其后的句子通常会是解题的关等。这些词及其后的句子通常会是解题的关键信息键信息。返回导航上一页下一页四、复四、复读全文读全文，验证答案验证答案仔细检查所填的句子与文章上下文是否连贯、通顺仔细检查所填的句子与文章上下文是否连贯、通顺，发现问题及时更发现问题及时更改改，确保答案准确

16、无误。确保答案准确无误。【方法技巧】【方法技巧】快读文章快读文章，掌握大意。段落大意掌握大意。段落大意，记在心上。仔细阅读记在心上。仔细阅读，注意细节。注意细节。遇到生词遇到生词，前后猜测。逻辑关系前后猜测。逻辑关系，合理推断。依靠材料合理推断。依靠材料，找准信息。找准信息。带着问题带着问题，各个击破。各个击破。返回导航上一页下一页 A 话题词数建议用时兼职工作1714 返回导航上一页下一页 Part- time(兼职的兼职的) jobs for students Babysitter(临时保姆临时保姆) needed We need a babysitter to lo

17、ok after our two boys aged 5 and 7 after school from 4： 30 p m.to 6： 30 p m.， from Monday to Friday. $100 a week. Call Vicky at 6783 4521. 返回导航上一页下一页 Rose Hotel part- time work We are looking for part time workers to work in our hotel on Saturdays. Come in (8 am.to 6 pm.) or call Mina at 6123- 874

18、5(after 6 pm.). Holiday job Do you want to make some money this summer？Can you speak another language？We need French，Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday. Send your CV(简历简历) to citymuseumshopjob.lkj. 返回导航上一页下一页 Newspaper delivery(递送递送) We need young p

19、eople to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings.The newspaper delivery takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook.You must deliver the newspapers before 7：30 a.m. and you must have your own bike. Interested？Ask for more information at Clanbrook post office. 返回导航上一页下一页 1.How

20、much can a babysitter get for an hour? A5 dollars. B7 dollars. C10 dollars. D12 dollars. C 2If you wants to get the job in Rose Hotel，you can call Mina at . A8 am. B10 am. C5 pm. D7 pm. D 返回导航上一页下一页 3What can we know about the holiday job? AIt doesn t require any CV. BIt doesn t provide an pay. CI

21、f you have got it，you needn t work on Monday. DIf you want to get it，you must speak three languages. C 返回导航上一页下一页 4If Harry takes the newspaper delivery job，he must . Awork three mornings a week Buse the bike of the post office Cfinish the work before 7：00 am. Dbe interested in the newspapers A 返回

22、导航上一页下一页 5The four pieces of information above may be found in the part of in a newspaper. ANews BAd(广告广告) CSports DRecreation(娱乐娱乐) B 返回导航上一页下一页 B 话题词数建议用时 “试金石”的秘密3267 When the great library of Alexandria burned，the story goes，one book was saved.But it was not a valuable book，and a poor man g

23、ot it. 返回导航上一页下一页 The book wasn t very interesting，but between its pages there was something very interesting indeed.It was a thin strip of vellum(羊皮纸羊皮纸) on which was written the secret of the “Touchstone” The touchstone was a small pebble(鹅卵石鹅卵石) that could turn any common metal into pure gold.

24、The writing explained that it was lying among thousands and thousands of other pebbles that looked exactly like it.But the secret was this：The real stone would feel warm，while ordinary pebbles are cold. 返回导航上一页下一页 So the man sold his house， bought a tent， camped on the seashore， and began testing

25、pebbles.He knew that if he picked up normal pebbles and threw them down again because they were cold，he might pick up the same pebbles hundreds of times.So，when he felt one that was cold，he threw it into the sea.He spent a whole day doing this but none of them was the touchstone.Yet he went on and o

26、n this way.Pick up a pebble.Coldthrow it into sea.Pick up another.Throw it into the sea.The days stretched into months and the months into years. 返回导航上一页下一页 One day，however，about midafternoon，he picked up a pebble and it was warm.He threw it into the sea before he realized what he had done.He was

27、used to throwing each pebble into the sea as soon as he picked it up.So when the one he wanted came along，he still threw it away. So it is with opportunity(机会机会)Unless we are vigilant，it s easy to fail to realize an opportunity when it is in hand and it s just as easy to throw it away. 返回导航上一页下一页

28、6According to the passage，the touchstone is a stone . Athat you can touch B that can turn common metal into pure gold Cthat can bring you thousands of pebbles Dthat can bring you good luck B 返回导航上一页下一页 7The man threw the touchstone into the sea because . Ait was cold Bit was a normal pebble Che wa

29、s too tired to hold it Dhe had formed a habit D 返回导航上一页下一页 8How did the man probably feel when he realized it was the touchstone? AExcited. BMoved. CInterested. DRegretted. D 返回导航上一页下一页 9What s the meaning of the underlined word “vigilant” in the last paragraph? ABrave enough. BHard working enou

30、gh. CCareful enough. DStrong enough. C 返回导航上一页下一页 10What does the writer want to tell us? AOpportunity knocks but once. BUse it or lose it. CWhere there is a will，there is a way. DPractice makes perfect. A 返回导航上一页下一页 C 话题词数建议用时风力发电2988 Wind power is a very clean source of energy.This is how wi

31、nd power works.Wind makes windmills spin(旋转)When the windmills spin， they make electricity.Then we can use the electricity. 返回导航上一页下一页 A lot of people think that wind power is new，but that s not true.For thousands of years，people have used wind to sail boats and move water.We still do those things

32、 today， but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity. Wind power is a very popular source of energy.Most people think that we should use it more and more.First of all，it s clean.Windmills don t pollute the environment at all.Second，we can use wind power forever.After all，we will alway

33、s have wind.Also，wind power is cheap，and it s getting even cheaper. 返回导航上一页下一页 A lot of people don t understand wind power very well.They believe that there are problems with wind power，but many of those problems are not real.For example，some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds.They

34、used to be true，but it isn t true anymore.Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast.New windmills spin slowly，and they aren t dangerous for birds. 返回导航上一页下一页 However，there are real problems with windmills.One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly.This is a problem

35、for people， because windmills are often in very pretty areas.Also，wind doesn t blow all the time，so we can t use wind power all the time.Finally，windmills are noisy. Wind power is becoming more and more common.Right now，more than 80 countries use wind power.About 2.5 percent of the world s power com

36、es from the wind.For some countries，that number is a lot higher.Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity. 返回导航上一页下一页 11Why DON T new windmills kill birds? ABecause birds don t fly near them. BBecause they spin slowly. CBecause they are shorter than old windmills DBecause ne

37、w windmills don t spin B 返回导航上一页下一页 12When did people start using wind power? AAbout 25 years ago. BAbout 80 years ago. CAbout 500 years ago. DOver 1，000 years ago. D 返回导航上一页下一页 13 ，so we CAN T use wind power all the time. AWindmills break all the time BWe can t use windmills at night CWindmills

38、 are too expensive to use all the time DWind doesn t blow all the time D 返回导航上一页下一页 14What does the article say about wind power? AMost people don t like it. BIt s getting cheaper. CDenmark doesn t use it. DIt s getting more expensive. B 返回导航上一页下一页 15What is the best title for the passage? AExpe

39、nsive Windmills BCheap and Clean Energy CPopular and Clean Wind Power DDangerous Birds C 返回导航上一页下一页 D 话题词数建议用时人工智能2808 The Internet is shaping our lives.We already have online shopping services and mobile payment.However ， this is just a start.The worlds leading tech companies are planning to bu

40、ild smarter online communities. 返回导航上一页下一页 16 It was held in Wuzhen，Zhejiang last year.The development of artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能人工智能) was a hot topic at the conference(会会议议)If a machine can learn and solve problems as humans do，it can be called AI. 返回导航上一页下一页 The company Alibaba uses A

41、I technology in its unmanned supermarket in Wuzhen.There is no salesperson in the supermarket，just a tablet on a desk that says “please smile” 17 The bigger your smile is，the more discounts(折扣折扣) you get.Payment is done automatically(自动地自动地) through your Alipay(支付宝支付宝) account.When you first enter t

42、he supermarket，the supermarket s AI recognizes your face and your account. 返回导航上一页下一页 There is also AI that can read lips. 18 It recognizes your mouth s movements and turns them into voice or text messages.This could be very useful when you are trying to talk to someone on your phone in a noisy pl

43、ace.Police could also use the technology to help them find criminal suspects by lip- reading recordings from video cameras. 返回导航上一页下一页 19 Microsoft s chatbot XiaoIce can not only provide useful information，but also chat with people like a real friend.XiaoIce has a WeChat account.After following th

44、e account，users can start talking with her. 20 She keeps improving herself by talking with users. These technologies are being put into wider use.We may see a smarter world and better lives in the near future. 返回导航上一页下一页 AShe knows when to comfort you or tell jokes. BThey discussed this at the World Internet Conference. CSougou brought its lip reading system to the conference. DIf you smile，it will give you a special discount for your goods. EAnother type of AI focuses on understanding human emotions. 16 17. 18. 19 20. B D C E A

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【语法专项突破】第16讲 阅读理解2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）

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【语法专项突破】第16讲阅读理解2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）