译林版(三起)四年级下册英语知识点:语法
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1、小学英语知识小学英语知识-语法语法(4B)(4B) Unit 1 Our school subjects 一、一、询问他人喜欢某种课程的句型询问他人喜欢某种课程的句型: 句型: -What subjects + do/does + 主语 + like? -主语 + like/likes + 课程。 例句: 1. -What subjects do you like? -I/We like Chinese and Music. 2. -What subjects does Tom like? -He likes PE. 二、询问询问某时有什么课某时有什么课的句型的句型: 句型: -What le
2、ssons + do/does +主语+ have + 时间? -主语 + have/has + 具体的课程名称。 例句: 1.-What lessons do you have tomorrow? -We have English, Chinese, Music and PE. 2.-What lessons does Helen have this afternoon? -She has Art and PE. 表示时间的词有:today, tomorrow, this morning, /this afternoon, this evening, on Monday, on Tuesda
3、y afternoon, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. 三三、“到做某事的时间了”的表达:“到做某事的时间了”的表达: 句型: Its time for + 名词. Its time to + 动词原形 + 其他。 例句: 1. Its time for school. = Its time to go to school 2. Its time for lunch. = Its time to have lunch. 四四、上某种课的表达上某种课的表达: 用法: “have + 课程” 表示“上某种课程”或“有某种课” 例
4、句: 1. We have PE on Monday. 2. He has Maths and Art in the afternoon. 五、五、welcome 的用法:的用法: 用法: 1. 表示欢迎首次来的客人时用:“Welcome to + 某地”表达。 2. 表示用于欢迎曾经来过某地再次回来是用“Welcome back to + 某地”表 达。 例句: 1. Welcome to Beijing. 2. Welcome to my home. 3. Welcome home. 4. Welcome back to Yancheng. 六、六、Nice to see you.的用法:
5、的用法: 用法: 1.用于熟人之间有一段时间没有见面,再次相见时的问候,其回答一般为: Nice to see you too. “Nice to see you”还可说成“Glad to see you”. 2.用于初次见面用:Nice to meet you. 例句: -Nice to see you, Miss Li. -Nice to see you too. 七、七、What about .?的用法:的用法: 用法: 1.What about.? = How about.? 意为.怎么样?; 2.后面可以+名词、代词、动词-ing。 常用于以下情况: 1.用于寒暄时上下文的转折:Im
6、 a teacher. What about you? 2.向对方提出建议或请求,相当于句型:Would you like.?语气较委婉。 What about swimming? = Would you like to swim? 3.征求对方的看法或意见: -I want a skirt. -What about this red one? 4.询问天气或身体状况等: What about the weather in your city? What about your father? 八、代词八、代词 it 的用法的用法: 1.指代时间:Its Saturday. Its four o
7、clock. 2.指代无生命的事物:It is a desk. 3.指代天气:It is sunny. 4.指代除人以外的有生命的东西:This is my dog. It is lovely. Unit 2 After school 一、一、询问星期几及回答询问星期几及回答的句型:的句型: 句型: -What day is it today? - Its + 表示星期几的词,也可以省略 Its 进行简略回答。 例句: 1.-What day is it today? -Its Thursday. 2.-What day is it today? -Thursday. 二、对时间提问的对时间提
8、问的句型句型: 句型: -When + do/does + 主语 + 动词 + 其他? -回答可以是具体的时间点,也可以是某天的某个上午、下午等。 例句: 1.-When do you go to school? -At seven. 2.-When does he watch TV? -In the evening. 三、介词三、介词 at 的用法:的用法: 用法: 1.用于具体的几点几分前,表示“在”。 2.用于中午、夜晚前,表示“在”:at night, at noon 例句: 1. I go to school at seven (oclock). Mike goes to schoo
9、l at seven thirty. 2. I go to bed at nine at night. I have a rest at noon. 整点时间的表达:可以直接用 one-twelve 直接表示,也可以在数字后加 oclock. 三、介词三、介词 on 的用法:的用法: 用法: 1.用于“星期”前表示“在” 2.用于“在某一天的早晨/下午/晚上”前 3.on 除用作时间介词外,还可用作方位介词,意为:在.上面 例句: 1. I play football on Sunday. 2. We have a PE lesson on Thursday evening. 3. There
10、 is a book on the desk. 四、星期的缩写:四、星期的缩写: Sunday (Sun.) Monday (Mon.) Tuesday (Tue) Wednesday (Wed) Thursday (Thur.) Friday (Fri) Saturday (Sat.) 五、动词五、动词 play 的用法:的用法: 用法: 1.表示“同.比赛,玩游戏,打球,踢球,打牌,下棋”等, play+球类名词 2.表示“演奏,弹奏,吹奏” play+the+乐器名称 3.单独使用,表示“玩耍,游戏” 例句: 1. I play football after school. 2. Yan
11、g Ling can play the piano. 3. They are playing. Unit 3 My day 一、询问几点的句型:一、询问几点的句型: 句型: -What time is it (now)? / -Whats the time? -Its + 时间. 例句: 1.-What time is it now? -Its seven oclock. 2.-What s the time? -Its four forty. 二、二、can 的自述:的自述: 用法: 1.can 是情态动词,后+实义动词; 2.不管主语如何变,can 的模样永不变; 3.句中只要出现 can
12、,动词原形后面站; 4.一般疑问 can 提前, 否定 can 后 not 添; 例句: 1. She can skate well. 2. Yang Ling can play the piano. 3. He can run fast. 三、三、usually: 用法: usually 是程度副词,意为“通常”,表示除个别情况外,基本上没有变化。 usually 在句中的位置比较灵活,一般用于 be 动词之后或助动词之后,实义 动词之前,有时放于句首或句末。 例句: 1. He usually gets up at seven oclock. 2. He is usually early.
13、 3. Usually I go to school by bike. 4. We play football on Saturdays usually.(不常用) 四、三餐:四、三餐: 用法: 1.一日三餐:breakfast, lunch, supper; 2.吃三餐,只能用 have+breakfast/lunch/supper; 3.当三餐前有形容词时,要加不一定冠词 a/an; 4.dinner 是一天中的正餐,可以是晚餐,也可以是午餐。英语国家中晚餐一 般是一天中最为丰富的一餐,因此 dinner 是一天中最丰富的一餐。 例句: 1. I have lunch at eleven
14、forty. 2.After a nice breakfast, he went to school. 一顿美味的早餐后,他去上学了。 五、辨析五、辨析 go to school 与与 go to the school: 用法: 1.go to school:上学,school 前不加冠词; 2.go to the school:表示为了其他目的而去学校,并不是“上学” ; 例句: 1. I go to school at seven twenty. 2. My father goes to the school by car. Unit 4 Drawing in the park 一、如何询
15、问对方能看见什么的句型:一、如何询问对方能看见什么的句型: 句型: -What + can + you see (+地点)? -I/We can see . 这是一个含有情态动词 can 的特殊疑问句。 例句: 1.-What can you see? -We can see some birds. 2.-What can you see in the picture? -I can see some fish. 二、含有二、含有 can 的一般疑问句及回答:的一般疑问句及回答: 句型: -Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? -Yes, 主语 + can. /No, 主语 + cant
16、. 例句: 1.-Can you swim? /-Yes, I can. 2.-Can you fly? -No, I cant. 三、询问某处有什么的句型:三、询问某处有什么的句型: 句型: -Whats/What is + 表示地点的介词短语? -看到的人/物 例句: 1.-Whats on the desk? -Some pens and books. 2.-Whats in the desk? -A bag. 四、四、see 及各类同义词的用法:及各类同义词的用法: 用法: see 是实义动词,意为“看,看见”,其后直接+看到的人或事物。 例句: 1. Let me see your
17、new dress. 2. I can see a yellow bird in the tree. 词语辨析: 1.see 当“看到”讲时,强调看的结果,意为“看到.”,如:I can see an apple. 2.look 当“看”讲时,是不及物动词,强调看的动作,如: Look!The bird is coming. 3.look at 当“看”讲时,强调看的目标,如:Look at the blackboard, please. 4.watch 指聚精会神地看,常指看电视或看比赛等,如: They are watching an interesting football match.
18、 五、名词复数:五、名词复数: 用法:当表示两个或两个以上的事物时,要用名词的复数形式,如:some flowers 变化规则: 1.一般情况下,在名词词尾加“s”,清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读zsd iz 如:map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens 2.以 s,sh,ch,x 结尾加 es,读iz,如: bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes match-matches 3.以“辅音字母+y”,变 y 为 i,再加 es,读iz,如: baby-babies city-cities country-countries fami
19、ly-families 4.以“辅音字母+o”结尾的,加 es, 读iz,如: mango-mangoes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 5.有些以“辅音字母+o”结尾的,加 s, 读z,如: piano-pianos photo-photoes 6.有些以 f 或 fe 结尾的,把 f 或 fe 变 ve 加 s,如: leaf-leaves 叶子 shelf-shelves 架子 Project 1 My school life 一、一、colour 的用法:的用法: 用法: colour 又作 color,名词意为“颜色,色彩”,动词意为“给.涂色”。
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