2020-2021学年牛津泽林版八年级下英语全册知识梳理

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1、 1 8B Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识梳理单元知识梳理 重重 点点 词词 汇汇 past n. 过去 present n. 现在， 目前 just adv. 刚才 since conj. 自以来 ever adv. 曾经 married adj. 结婚的 pollution n. 污染 factory n. 工厂 waste n. 废料 realize v. 意识到 situation n. 形势 however adv. 然而 lonely adj. 孤独的 anyway adv. 无论这样 narrow adj. 狭窄的 before adv. 以前 rece

2、ntly adv. 最近 environment n. 环境 abroad adv. 在国外 return vi. 返回 condition n. 条件 interview n. 采访 improve v. 改善 yet adv. 还，仍 exactly adv. 正是； northern: adj.北方的 over prep.在期间 communication n.交流 wife 生意 direct adj. 直接的 point n. 要点 dead adj. 死的 delicious adj. 美味的 airport n. 机场 seaside adj. 海边的 couple n. 两人

3、character n. 人物 sand n. 沙滩 beauty n. 美丽 view n. 景色 mountain n. 高山 flight n. 航班 seafood n. 海鲜 relative n. 亲戚 detail n. 细节 sailing n. 帆船运动 except prep. 除了之外 短短 语语 归归 纳纳 such as: 例如 a coupe of : 一对;几个 at the end of: 在末尾 on business: 出差 leave for: 动身去 have a fantastic time:玩的高兴 at high speed: 快速地 get re

4、ady: 准备 be on / over: 开始、结束 the whole day: 一整天 on the way: 在路上 run after: 追随 go for a picnic: 野餐 feel like doing sth:想要做 take a direct flight:直飞航班 have/ has been to:去过某地 the best time to do sth: 做某事的最佳时间 have/has gone to:去了某地 cant stop doing sth: 情不自禁做 three and a half hours: 三个半小时 later in the afte

5、rnoon: 下午稍晚些时候 典典 句句 积积 累累 1. Ive been there before. 以前我去过那儿。 2. It comes from the story by Hans Christian Andersen. 它来源于安徒生的故事。 3. My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days. 我和我的父母来香港两天了。 4. It moved at high speed. 它迅速地移动。 5. I ran after them and couldnt stop taking photos. 我追逐他们并且情不自禁地拍

6、照。 6. I know you have gone to Hainan. 我知道你去了海南。 7. He has been away from Beijing for a week. 他离开北京一个星期了。 8. The film has been on / over for 20 minutes. 电影开始、结束 20 分钟了。 9. My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning. 我和父母清早前往机场。 10. I hope that I can visit it again some day. 我希望有朝一日再一次

7、参观它。 11. She has kept the book since last week. 从上个星期以来她就借了这本书。 12. It takes us about three and a half hours to get there. 花了我们三个半小时到达那儿。 4 单 元 语 法 语法语法：have / has been to since+从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) since+过去时间点过去时间点 since two years ago since I was born since 2000 for + 一段时间一段时间 for ten years 长达十年长达十年 II

8、I: 瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换 buy-have/ has had begin/ start-have/has been on borrow-have has kept die-have/has been dead leave-have/has been away join-have/ has been in marry-have/has been married Pleasant Travelling Last weekend, I went to south hill by bus with my friends after I finished my

9、homework. We had a great time there. It took us about half an hour to get there. When we got there, we got off the bus quickly. Then we began to climb the hills. There were many people there. Some were climbing the hills. Some were sitting under the trees. The views were very beautiful, and we could

10、nt stop taking photos. I put them on my homepage for my friends to see. We had a picnic on the hill at noon. We really enjoyed ourselves. It was great fun. 5 8B Unit 3 Online tour 单元知识梳理单元知识梳理 重重 点点 词词 汇汇 online adj. 在线的 receive vt. 收到 guide n. 导游 trade n. 贸易 huge adj. 巨大的 gather vi乐意效劳 With pleasur

11、e! : 愿意为您效劳 search for information: 搜索信息 prepare for ：为做好准备 send and receive emails:收发电子邮件 use for 用做 mind doing sth: 介意做某事 order meals : 订餐 daily English / life : 日常英语/生活 at the top / bottom of:在顶 / 底部 hear of / about : 听说 be famous as: 作为而著名 agree with sb: 同意某人的观点 click on : 点击 典典 句句 积积 累累 1. What

12、 do you usually use your computer for? 你通常使用电脑做什么？ 2. With several lakes,hills and a large green lawn, its a good place to relax after a days work (公园里)有几片湖水，几座小山以及一片绿草坪,是辛苦工作一天后放松的好去处. 3. Would you mind me / my smoking here? 你介意我在这抽烟吗？ 4. I want to book a double room. 我想订购一个双人间。 5. I ordered a suit

13、 of clothes for you . 我给你订了一套衣服。 6. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 它由英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。 7. Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亚的季节与我们的相反。 8. You can realize your dream by working hard.你可以通过努力的学习实现自己的梦想。 9. Have you ever heard of the him ? 你曾经听说过他吗？ 6 单

14、元 语 法 语法语法： 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一、一、构成不同：构成不同： 一般过去时：主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 现在完成时：havehas + 动词的过去分词 二、二、用法不同：用法不同： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点 只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。 现在完成时表示动作或状态与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。 三、三、时间状语不同：时间状语不同： 一般过去时一般过去时通常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now,

15、 in 2002 等； 现在完成时现在完成时常与表示不确切的时间副词连用，如 already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for。 用用 the simple past tense and the present perfect tense 完成句子完成句子 1. Daniel _ to the USA a week ago. (go) 2. Millie _ to the USA since a week ago. (go) 3. Mr Wu _ to Canada twice.(be) 4. There _ (be) lots of big trees

16、on the hill in the past. 5. Great changes _(take) place in the past 35 years. 6. Mum _ just _(buy) a book called Romance of the Three Kingdoms 7. Yesterday, I _(write) a letter to my father. But he _(not write) back to me yet. 8. Last year, we _(enjoy) ourselves at the party. 9. -_you ever _(eat) my

17、 cake? -Yes, I was too hungry, so I _(eat) it. 10.- _your father _(have) lunch? -Yes, I have. -When _you _(have) it? -At 11:30. On the Internet The Internet plays an important role in our daily life. On the Internet, we can learn news both at home and in the world. And we can also learn all kinds of

18、 information. We can send emails to our friends by Internet. We can even make phone calls, go to net school, read many books and learn foreign languages alone. If we are free, we can enjoy music, watch sports competitions and play chess and card games on the Internet. We can do shopping , have a cha

19、t with others and make friends with them. Internet makes our life much easier and more colorful than before. 7 8B Unit 4 A good read 单元知识梳单元知识梳理理 重重 点点 词词 汇汇 read n. 读物 cooking n. 烹饪 spare adj. 空闲的 writer n. 作家 ugly adj. 丑陋的 touch vt. 感动 against prep. 紧靠 tie v. 捆绑 stomach n. 腹部;胃 manage v. 设法完成 cont

20、inue vt递给 either adv. 也 lift v.举起;抬高 French n.法国(人)的 success n. 成功 hidden adj. 隐藏的 confidence n. 信心 advice n. 建议 novel n. 小说 Germany n. 德国 knowledge n. 知识 tiny adj. 极小的 shoulder n. 肩膀 experience n.经历;经验 短短 语语 归归 纳纳 be tired out : 筋疲力尽 fall over : 摔倒 hand in: 上交； 递交 on time : 准时 so far: 到目前为止 at a ti

21、me：每次；依次 open up: 开启；开创；开辟 do / deal with: 处理 an army of ：一大群 continue doing sth: 继续做 manage to do sth:设法做某事 tieto:把捆到 in ones spare time:在某人闲暇时 asas one can:尽可能 refuse to do :拒绝做某事 by the time: 到时间 a great success: 巨大的成功 translateinto:把翻译 ask for advice :寻求建议 on sale:热卖;降价出售 and so on : 等等 take/fol

22、low ones advice:听从某人建议 experience in doing sth : 做某事的经验 get into a habit : 养成一种 develop a good habit of:养成良好的习惯 典典 句句 积积 累累 1. Have you decided what to do with these boos? 你已经决定怎么处理这些书了吗？ 2. I didnt know what to say either. 我也不知道说什么。 3. He had many experiences while (he was) travelling. 他在旅游时有很多有趣的经

23、历。 4. Dont translate word for word, sentence for sentence. 不要逐字逐句翻译。 5. Hand in your homework as early as you can=Hand in your homework as early as possible. 6. How many books can I borrow at a time? 我一次能借几本书？ 7. How long can I keep the book? 这本书我能借多长时间？ 8. Hes teaching himself to speak French. 他正在自

24、学说法语。 9. They also open up a new world to me. 它们也为我开启了一个崭新的世界。 10. Give some advice to me on study=Give me some advice on study.给我一些学习的建议。 11. What do you like to do in your spare time? 你空闲时喜欢做什么？ 12. Do not let yourself get into bad habits. 8 单 元 语 法 语法语法： 疑问句疑问句 + to do sth / must 与与 have to 疑问词疑问

25、词+动词不定式动词不定式 构成：构成： 疑问词后可以接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语。 用法：用法： what to read: 读什么 who to talk to: 和谁谈话 which to choose:选哪个 where to ask for help:哪里寻求帮助 how to write: 怎么写 when to meet:何时碰面 Eg: I dont know what to read. = I dont know what I should read. II 情态动词情态动词 must 与与 have to Must 与 have to 都有必须必须的意思，have to 表

26、示客观的需要，must 表示说话人 主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。 Eg:My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要客观上需要) He said that they must work hard. (主观上要做这件事主观上要做这件事) 2) must 的否定形式：mustnt :禁止，不准，禁止，不准，have to 的否定: not have to 不必不必 注意注意: must 开头的一般疑问句的回答： Eg : Must I go home now? -我现在必须回家

27、吗？ Yes, you must. -是的，你必须。 No, you neednt / dont have to. -不，你不必 Reading makes a full man As we all know that reading plays an important role in our daily life! Do you know why? First, reading can not only help us get knowledge from books but also open our mind. Second, reading can make us happy and

28、 be good for our study. Third, reading can help us grow into excellent people. However, we have so much homework to do and computer games to play that we dont develop a good habit of reading and are not interested in reading. In my opinion, reading makes a full man and is a good way to improve our k

29、nowledge. Lets start reading now. 9 8B Unit 5 Good manners 单元知识梳理单元知识梳理 重重 点点 词词 汇汇 manners n. 礼仪 politely adv.礼貌地 litter n. 垃圾 run vi. 流动 obey vt科目 behave vt训练 purpose n. 目的 guest n. 客人 host n. 主人 parking n.停车 risk vt. 冒险做 conclusion n.总结; impolite adj.不礼貌的 successful adj.成功的 sometime:在某时 短短 语语 归归

30、纳纳 shake sbs hand: 与某人握手 in public: 公开地 push in = cut in 插队 in ones way : 挡住某人的路 excuse me : 劳驾 as well (as) : 也；还有 by accident : 偶然;意外地 keep sb from sth:使免受 soon after : 不久以后 keep sth in mind:将记在心中 above all : 首先 tooto:太而不能 drop litter: 丢垃圾 table manners :餐桌礼仪 putback:把放回去 obey traffic rules :遵守交通规

31、则 avoid doing:避免做某事 risk doing sth:冒险做某事 keep down: 降低 leavedoing:让做 bumpinto:碰撞 cut in (on sb / sth): 打断(谈话),插嘴 take a photo of : 给拍照 queue for ones turn: 按顺序排队等候 the proper way to do sth:做某事正确方法 do sth for the first time:第一次做某事 express oneself clearly:清楚地表达自己意思 典典 句句 积积 累累 1. You are old enough to

32、 learn about manners now.现在你足够大了,可以了解一些礼仪了. 2. You are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 3. I am afraid not. 我恐怕不行。 4. They think its rude to push in before others. 他们认为插在别人面前是不礼貌的。 5. Just as the saying goes, When in Rome, do as the Romans do.正如谚语所说入乡随俗. 6. Do not eat with your mouth open. 不要张着嘴吃东西。

33、 7. Whats the proper way to greet people there ? 那儿正确的问候人的方式是什么？ 8. No smoking / photos / parking / littering. 禁止抽烟 、拍照、停车、乱扔垃圾。 9. Its your turn to be on duty today. 今天轮到你值日了。 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?一个青少年应该遵守哪些规则? 11. We should know these rules to make sure that

34、both guests and hosts are comfortable. 10 单 元 语 法 语法语法： enough to 句型句型 训练 support vt. 支持 blind adj. 瞎的 deaf adj. 聋的 training n. 培训 task n. 任务 confident adj. 自信的 background n. 背景 expect v. 期待;预料 chance n. 机会 similar adj. 类似的 necessary adj. 必须的 closely adv. 密切地 achieve v. 实现 prize n. 奖品 blood n. 血 pro

35、ject n. 工程;项目 disease n. 疾病 operation n. 手术 survivor n. 幸存者 donate vt. 捐赠 gold n. 黄金;金牌 silver n. 银; 银牌 coach n. 教练 event n. 大事 adult n. 成年人 disabled adj.残疾的 homeless adj.无家可归的 短短 语语 归归 纳纳 give up doing sth :放弃做某事 lose ones life : 失去生命 volunteer for:为做志愿活动 give a helping hand: 伸出援助之手 be born with :

36、与生俱来 realize / achieve ones dream :实现某人的梦想 have trouble doing sth: 做遇到麻烦 notbut: 不是而是 as soon as possible:尽快 give sb a chance to do:给某人一次机会 win first prize : 获一等奖 donate blood : 献血 offer to do sth: 主动做某事 be similar to : 与相似 in this way : 用这种方式 be ill in hospital : 生病住院 feel like doing sth = want to

37、do sth = would like to do sth 想要做 典典 句句 积积 累累 12. Its meaningful to do something for the olympics. 为奥运会做事是有意义的。 13. It was very brave of him to join the competition. 参加比赛，他非常勇敢。 14. To me, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. 对于我来说，最重要的事不是赢得金银牌，而是参与。 15. I am

38、sure to pass all the exams. 我一定会通过所有的考试。 16. We shouldnt expect success overnight. 我们不应期待一夜成名。 17. Do not give up if you like doing it. 如果你喜欢就别放弃它。 18. We have very similar interests. 我们的兴趣很相似。 19. It feels like rain soon. 好像马上要下雨了。 20. Can you tell me how to achieve a balance between the two? 你能告诉我

39、如何在这两者这间取得一个平衡吗？ 21. To achieve ones goal depends largely upon ones effort. 一个人目标的实现主要靠自己的努力。 11. If everyone gives a helping hand, the world will become better. 12 单 元 语 法 语法语法： It is + adj. +to do sth 句型句型 It is +adj. +for sb +to do sth 句型句型 It is + adj. +to do sth 句型是表达做某事做某事it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面 的动词

40、不定式短语。 Eg: It is important to be careful. 做事认真很重要。 It is + adj. +for sb +to do sth 句型是表示对某人来说，做某事对某人来说，做某事该句中用 for 引出逻辑主语。 Eg: It is difficult for me to work out the problem. 解出那题对我来说是困难的。 It is + adj. +of sb +to do sth 句型是表示做某事做某事, 某人某人 Eg: it is rude of him to drop litter everywhere. 到处扔垃圾，他很粗鲁。 注

41、意：注意： 1) It is + adj. +for sb +to do sth 句型中，句型中，形容词 adj.是说明做某事怎么样。 常用的形容词有: important , dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, useful, possible, wonderful, necessary, cheap, interesting 2) It is + adj. +of sb +to do sth 句型中，句型中，形容词 adj.是说明某人怎么样。 常用描述人的品质特征的形容词有: brave, careless, clever, f

42、oolish, silly, good helpful, kind, nice, polite, stupid(傻的傻的), wrong等等 3) It is foolish of them to do so = They are foolish to do so. 他们这样做真是愚蠢。他们这样做真是愚蠢。 Sunshine for all Dear students, In some parts of our country, there are many children out of school. They are too poor to go to school. At the sa

43、me time, they do not have enough school things and clothes. In my opinion, each child should have the right to go to school, but there are few chances for the poor children. So we should help them as possible as we can, just like giving them school things, clothes and so on. We hope they will have t

44、he same chance of getting knowledge as we do in school. If all of us can give a helping hand, their terrible life may change. Thanks a lot for your help and joining. 13 8B Unit 7 International charities 单元知识梳理单元知识梳理 重重 点点 词词 汇汇 especially adv.特别;尤其 basic adj. 基础的 case n.病例;案例 education n.教育 equal ad

45、j. 平等的 right n. 权利 spread n.扩散;分布 mostly adj.主要地 interviewer n. 采访者 medical adj.医学的 patient n. 病人 afford vt.买得起 proud adj. 自豪的;骄傲的 matter n. 事情;问题 check n. 检查 hold v. 举行 develop v. 发展 treat vt. 治疗;处理 medicine n.医学;药 operate vi.做手术 cure vt. 治愈 organize vt. 组织 war n. 战争 pale adj. 苍白的 短短 语语 归归 纳纳 go to hospital: 去看病 on board : 在飞机（船、火车）上 carry on with sth : 继续开展某事 hand out : 分发；发出 set up : 建立；设立 prevent the spread of:预防的传播 medical tr