2021年高考英语重点常考句型整理讲解

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1、高考英语重点常考句型整理讲解 第一部分第一部分 虚拟语气虚拟语气 1.1.（从句）（从句）If + were/didIf + were/did（动词的过去式） ， （主句）主语（动词的过去式） ， （主句）主语 + would/might/should/could + do+ would/might/should/could + do（表示（表示 对现在情况的假设）对现在情况的假设） 例句 If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。 I dont have a cellphone. If I had one, it would

2、be convenient for me to get in touch with others. If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。 2.2.（从句）（从句）If + had done, If + had done, （主句）主语（主句）主语+ would/might/should/could +have done+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示对过去或（表示对过去或 已经发生事情的虚拟假已经发生事情的虚拟假设）设） 例句 What

3、 a pity it is that you didnt attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer. 真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。 Anyone in his position would have done the same. =If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。 3.3.

4、（从句）（从句） If + were/didIf + were/did （动词过去式）（动词过去式） /were to do/should do/were to do/should do，（主句） 主语，（主句） 主语+ would/might/should/could + would/might/should/could + do+ do（表示对将来的假设）（表示对将来的假设） 例句 If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didnt matter at all. 万一他拒绝了， 那也没关系。 If you

5、 shouldnt pass the college entrance examination, what would you do? 万一高考不中，你该怎么办？ 4.4.虚拟语气条件句的倒装：虚拟语气条件句的倒装： 在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有 were, had, shouldwere, had, should，可以省去，可以省去 if, if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟 倒装句。倒装句。 例句 Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。 Had

6、the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。 Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house. 5.5.if onlyif only 引起的感叹句，相

7、当于引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + How I wish + 宾语从句” ，意思是“但愿；要是就好了”宾语从句” ，意思是“但愿；要是就好了” 例句 If only he could come! 他要是能来就好了！ If only we students didnt have so much homework！要是没有这么多的作业该多好！ If only I hadnt been so careless in the exam! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了！ 6.if it were not for6.if it were not for (= were it (= were

8、it not fornot for) ) if it hadnif it hadnt been fort been for (= had it not been for(= had it not been for) )“要不是因为有；如果不是”“要不是因为有；如果不是” 注意注意这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用 werent it for） 例句 If it hadnt been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldnt have been save

9、d. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。 If it were not for your rich parents, you couldnt live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此 安逸。 If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。 7.7.“but for + but for + 名词”和“名词”和“but that +but that +从句” ，意思是“倘若不是；要不是” ，接虚拟语气从句” ，意思是“倘若不是；要不是” ，接虚拟语气 例

10、句 But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.) 如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it hadnt been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。 But for you, we couldnt have carried out the pl

11、an. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。 She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。 8.8.在动词在动词 insistinsist（1 1 坚持做某事） ，坚持做某事） ，order, commandorder, command（2 2 命令）命令）, advise, suggest, propose, advise, suggest, propose（3 3 建议建议 做某事） ，做某事） ，demand, require, request, askdemand, require, reques

12、t, ask（4 4 要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词谓语动词 要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + + (should) + 动词原形。另外像动词原形。另外像 decide, desire, intend, recommenddecide, desire, intend, recommend 等等 也要接也要接(should)+(should)+动词原形结构。动词原形结构。 例句 Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine oclo

13、ck.（宾语从句） We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句） The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.（表语从句） 注意注意 1 advice, suggestion, order, d

14、emand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement 等名词引 导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。 注意注意 2 Its suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired 等结构后的主语从 句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。 注注意意 3 suggest 意思是“表明，暗示；说明”时；insist 意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语 气。 例句 He insis

15、ted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。 He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。 Are you suggesting that Im not suited for the job? 你是在暗示说我不适合做那项工作？ The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对 结果感到满意。 9.It i

16、s necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential9.It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要 用虚拟语气，即主语用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形 例句 Its necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom 有必要先参加考试。 With the society developing very fast, its quite neces

17、sary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。 10.It10.Its strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) should doshould doshoshoulduld 表示“竟表示“竟 然”然” 例句 Its a pity that she should miss

18、 the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。 Its really surprising that a prophecy（预言）should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是，预言 和事实竟然如此巧合。 Its strange that he shouldnt pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。 第二部分第二部分 倒装结构倒装结构 11.11.全倒装句型（一）全倒装句型（一） here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, awayhere, there, out, in, up,

19、 down, now, then, away 等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装 例句 There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了！ Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。 Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。 Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to

20、. 我们期盼的时候到了。 注意注意 （1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词，像 go, come, rush, live, stand, lie 等。 （2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。 12.12.全倒装句型（二）全倒装句型（二） 表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为 be, lie,be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. etc. 不及物动词。不及物动词。

21、 例句 On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。 In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。 Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。 Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约 10 岁的男孩。 13.13.全倒装句型（三）全倒装句型（三） （表语）（表语）adj. / vadj. / v- -ing

22、 / ving / v- -ed +ed +（地点状语）（地点状语）+ be+ be（或其他动词形式）（或其他动词形式） So adj./advSo adj./advthatthat如此以至于如此以至于(so(so 引导的句子倒装，而引导的句子倒装，而 thatthat 引导的句子不倒装！引导的句子不倒装！) () (这种这种 结构是半倒装句。结构是半倒装句。) ) 例句 Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理， 设计师和词 作者。 Fastened to the p

23、ole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。 Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。 Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在 教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。 Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧

24、房子里的日子过去了。 Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相 声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its

25、 speed. 光运行非常快， 我们几乎无法想象它的速度。 14.14.半倒装句（一）半倒装句（一） 否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no meansrarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（决不）（决不）, at no time, at no time（在任何时候都不） ，（在

26、任何时候都不） ，nowhere, nowhere, in no case (in no case (无论如何都不无论如何都不) )；not in the least (=not at all) , on no conditionnot in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（决不）（决不） 等。等。 例句 Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。 Little did I understand w

27、hat he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。 Its beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。 Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。 By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意

28、。 On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。 15.15.半倒装句（二）半倒装句（二） not onlynot only, but also, but also（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装）（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装） 例句 Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅 他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。 They suggested not o

29、nly should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加 晚会，还要进行表演。 Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我 们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。 16.16.半倒装句（三）半倒装句（三） neither, norneither, nor 放在句首放在句首 例句 If you dont go to see the m

30、ovie, neither will I. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。 -Why didnt you buy the jacket? -Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me. 价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。 I dont like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。 17.17.半倒装句（四）半倒装句（四） “only + only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装状语”放在句首，句子半倒装 例句 Only when the war was

31、over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。 Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了 18 岁才能参军。 Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. 只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。 Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth. 只有改变生活方

32、式，我们才能拯救地球。 注意注意这种结构的倒装只在 only 引导状语的时候使用，only 引导主语的时候不用倒装。 Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。 Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。 18.18.半倒装句（五）半倒装句（五） so + beso + be 动词动词/ /助动词助动词/ /情态动词等情态动词等 + + 主语主语 “也” （表示肯定意思）“也” （表示肯定意思） neitherneither/n

33、or +/nor +动词动词/ /助动词助动词/ /情态动词等情态动词等 + + 主语主语 “也” （表示否定意思）“也” （表示否定意思） 例句 She is interested in the story, so am I. He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I. I saw the film last night, so did he. In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits. 近 20 年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习

34、惯也变了。 Tom didnt attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom 没来参加昨晚的会议，Mary 也没来。 I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom. 比较比较 1 “so + 主语主语 + 助动词”助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实表示肯定已有的观点或事实 例句 We have all worked hard these days. So we have.（的确如此） I promised to help him, and so I did.（我确实帮助他了） 比较比较 2 “主语

35、“主语 + 助动词助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做表示按照别人的要求去做 例句 The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so. 19. so it is with somebody = it19. so it is with somebody = its the same with s the same with somebodysomebody 前者怎么样，后者也怎么样前者怎么样，后者也怎么样

36、注意注意前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。 例句 John likes English but he doesnt like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me). Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me. He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男子汉， 敢于对自己的所作所 为负责。 So he was, and so i

37、t was with you. 他的确如此，你当时也一样。 第三部分第三部分 强调句型强调句型 20. It20. It 强调句型强调句型 强调句的基本构成：强调句的基本构成：It is/was + It is/was + 被强调的部分被强调的部分 + who+ who（主要指人时）（主要指人时）/that + /that + 其余部分其余部分 注意注意 1 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等） ，但是不能强调谓语动 词。 原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用 It isthat/who.； 原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用 It wasthat/who.；

38、 强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用 when, where 或 how, 必须用 that。 例句 1 I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语） It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语） It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语） It was him

39、 that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语） 例句 2 He didnt go to bed until his mother came back. It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. He didnt do his homework until his father came back from work. It wasnt until his father came back from work that he did his homewor

40、k. 例句 3 Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him. It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him. 只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。 例句 4 I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. It was because the tr

41、affic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again. （强调句中只能强调由 because 引导的原因状语从句，because 不能换成 since, as, for, now that 等） 注意注意 2强调句的疑问结构强调句的疑问结构 一般疑问句一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分被强调部分 +who / that ? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that? What is/was it that? Who is/was it that? When

42、is/was it that? Where is/was it that? Why is/was it that? How is/was it that? 例句 1 I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. When was it that you saw him in the street? Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon? Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? 例句 2 I dont know w

43、hen he will come back. I dont know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序） How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和 Smith 先生联系上的？ Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。 第四部分第四部分 祈使句型祈使句型 21.21.（1 1） 、祈使句（表条件） 、祈使句（表条件）+ or/or else/ otherwise + + or/or else/ otherwise + 主句（表结果）主句（表

44、结果） “否则，要不然”“否则，要不然” （2 2） 、祈使句（表条件） 、祈使句（表条件）+ and + and +主句（表结果）主句（表结果） 例句 Hurry up, or youll be late for class. Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out. 你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。 Think it over and you will find the answer. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。

45、 Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。 第五部分第五部分 从句从句 22. when22. when 引导的从句引导的从句 whenwhen 除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关 注，那就是注，那就是 whenwhen 引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时” ，强调另一个动作的突然发生。引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时” ，强调另一个动作的突然发生。 常用于以下句型中：常用

46、于以下句型中： （1 1） 、主语） 、主语 + be doing+ be doing whenwhen意思是“正在做某事这时” ；意思是“正在做某事这时” ； （2 2） 、主语） 、主语 + be about to do+ be about to dowhenwhen； （3 3） 、主语） 、主语+be on the point of (doing) +be on the point of (doing) whenwhen意思是“正要去做某事这时”意思是“正要去做某事这时” 例句 One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean

47、 when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck 正 在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。 I dont know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。 I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。 I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日 子不久就会到来。 I was walking along

48、 the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到 一个落水男孩求救。 I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。 I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我刚做完作业， 下课铃 响了。 I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法国时那段快乐日

49、子。 I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日 子不久就会来临。 比较比较 I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. 我正在街上走， 这时我看见一家裁缝店。 I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailors shop. 我在街上走。就在那时 我看见一家裁缝店。 23. while23. while 引导的从句引导的从句 whilewhile 除了有“当除了有“当/ /在时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是