2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标）八下 Units 1—2课件

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1、八下八下 Units 12 人教版英语一轮复习人教版英语一轮复习 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 目录目录 三、重点短语三、重点短语 四、重点句型四、重点句型 五、熟词生义五、熟词生义 六、考点清单六、考点清单 七、语法复习七、语法复习 八、写作复习八、写作复习 一、重点单词一、重点单词 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.问题；事情问题；事情 n. _ 2.胃；腹部胃；腹部 n. _ 3.咽喉；喉咙咽喉；喉咙 n_ 4.发烧发烧 n. _ 5.咳嗽咳嗽 n. 起跑起跑;被取消被取消;不工作不工作;休息休息;不再供应不再供应”。 e.g. I have three days off next week.

2、2.作介词时作介词时,意为意为“从从( 某处某处 )落下落下;离开离开;( 时空上时空上 )离离,距距;去掉去掉;戒除戒除”。 e.g. There is a bathroom off the main bedroom. 3.作形容词时作形容词时,意为意为“不新鲜不新鲜;变质变质”。 e.g. The fish has gone off. off短语小结短语小结 get off 下车下车 put off 推迟推迟 show off 炫耀炫耀 fall off 从从掉下掉下 hurry off 匆匆离去匆匆离去 keep off 远离远离;不接近不接近 ring off 挂断电话挂断电话 pay

3、 off 付清付清 see off 送行送行 turn off 关闭关闭;使厌烦使厌烦 take off起飞起飞;脱掉脱掉( 衣服衣服 ) give off 发出发出( 光、热、气味等光、热、气味等 ) cut off 打断打断;切断切断;中断中断 go off 离开离开;闹钟响闹钟响;爆炸爆炸 set off 出发出发;( 使使 )开始开始;引起引起;点燃点燃 drive off 赶走赶走;击退击退;驾车离去驾车离去;驶去驶去 1. (2020玉林）玉林） Eric, can you come back to my birthday dinner on July 7th as usual?

4、Sorry, I cant. The gaokao of this year is_ until that day because of the COVID-19. A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down 2. （2020荆州）荆州） What is it that smells so terrible, Ted? Im sorry I will _ my socks and put them in the washer. A. take off B. give out C. put up D. keep away 练一练练一练 作及物动词作及物动

5、词 意为意为“击击;打打;击中击中;到达到达”。常见用法。常见用法:hit sb.on/in+身体部身体部 位位+with sth.“用某物打某人身体某部位用某物打某人身体某部位”;hit+身体部位身体部位 +on/against sth.“身体某部位碰或撞在某物上身体某部位碰或撞在某物上”。常用句。常用句 型型:It hit sb.that“某人突然意识到某人突然意识到”。 作不及物动词作不及物动词 意为意为“( 风暴、疾病等风暴、疾病等 )袭击袭击;抨击抨击;( 偶然偶然 )碰上碰上”。 作名词作名词 意为意为“击击;打打;打击打击;轰动一时的人或事物轰动一时的人或事物”。 2. hit的

6、用法的用法 辨析辨析beat, knock和和hit (1)beat 强调连续或反复地打或拍强调连续或反复地打或拍,因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等 之类具有连续性或反复性的动作之类具有连续性或反复性的动作,一般要用一般要用 beat。此外。此外,它还有它还有“殴打殴打; 打败打败”之意。之意。 (2)knock意为意为“敲敲;打打;撞击撞击”,一般指敲打并伴有响声一般指敲打并伴有响声,常与常与at/on连用。连用。 (3)hit指指“打中打中;对准对准来打来打”,表示有意或无意地打或撞等表示有意或无意地打或撞等,往往含有往往含有 重重一击或用力敲打之意。重重一击或

7、用力敲打之意。 1. Mary hit Jack the head a book. A.at;with B.on;with C.on;by D.in;by 2. All of a sudden it Peter that he had forgotten his friends birthday. A.knocked B.happened C.beat D.hit 练一练练一练 3. lonely和和alone的用法的用法 1.lonely只能作形容词只能作形容词,表示人主观上感到表示人主观上感到“孤独的孤独的”,感情色彩浓厚感情色彩浓厚;也也 可修饰地点可修饰地点,意为意为“荒凉的荒凉的;偏

8、僻的偏僻的”。 e.g. I feel lonely without my dog. Thats a lonely island. 2.alone可用作副词可用作副词,意为意为“单独地单独地,独自地独自地”,相当于相当于by oneself;也可用作也可用作 形容词形容词,意为意为“单独的单独的,独自的独自的”,表示客观情况表示客观情况,此时只可作表语。此时只可作表语。 e.g. She lives alone in the village. He was alone in the middle of the hall. 1.（2020荆州）荆州） How are you getting on

9、 with your work? I cant do it _ any longer. Ill have to get help. A. hard B. quietly C. simply D. alone 2. She lived _ in a small village, but she didnt feel _ Alonely; lonely Balone; lonely Clonely; alone 练一练练一练 辨析辨析 含义及用法含义及用法 示例示例 raise 使升高。强调使升高。强调“某人把某物举起来某人把某物举起来” raise the glass举杯举杯 raise one

10、s hand举手举手 增加增加 raise salaries提高薪资提高薪资 筹集筹集(资金资金)；征集；征集(人员人员) raise money筹钱筹钱 raise an army招兵招兵 抚养，养育抚养，养育 raise pets养宠物养宠物 rise rose， risen 上升。强调“某人上升。强调“某人/某物自己站某物自己站/升起来”升起来” The sun rises.太阳升起。太阳升起。 The river rises.水位上涨。水位上涨。 增长增长 The price rises.价格上涨。价格上涨。 4.辨析辨析raise和和rise The price of vegetab

11、les so quickly these days. I dont think so. A.affords B.rises C.improves D.raises 练一练练一练 5. give up的用法的用法 give up是动副结构短语是动副结构短语,意为意为“放弃放弃;戒除戒除”,若接人称代词作其宾语若接人称代词作其宾语,代代 词应位于词组中间词应位于词组中间;后接后接V-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。 e.g. You mustnt give up studying foreign languages for even a day. give短语小结短语小结 give out 分发分发

12、;散发散发 give away 赠送赠送;捐赠捐赠 give in屈服屈服;让步让步 give back ( 归归 )还还;回报回报;恢复恢复 （2020云南）云南）Dont _ our hopes. As long as we pull together, well make it. A. give up B. give out C. give back D. give away 练一练练一练 辨析辨析 含义含义 用法用法 be/get used to (doing) sth. “习惯于做某事；习惯于做某事； 适应于做某事适应于做某事” 主语是人。主语是人。to为介词，后跟名词、代词为介词，

13、后跟名词、代词 或动名词。或动名词。(beget/become) used to do sth. “过去常过去常 常做某事常做某事” to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。 be used to do sth. “被用来做某事被用来做某事” 主语是物。主语是物。to为不定式符号，后跟动词为不定式符号，后跟动词 原形。原形。(be used to do sth.be used for doing sth.) 6. 辨析辨析be/get used to (doing) sth. , used to do sth. 与与be used to do sth. 1.（2020甘肃甘

14、肃)I_sleep very well, but then I started doing yoga and it really helps. A.didnt use to B.used to C.was used to D.wasnt used to 2.（2020十堰）李梅很勤奋，她习惯于晨读。十堰）李梅很勤奋，她习惯于晨读。 Li Mei is hard-working and she _ morning reading. is/ gets used to 练一练练一练 7.“Whats the matter？”句型？”句型 (1)“Whats the matter？”可用于询问对方有什

15、么问题或不顺心的事，？”可用于询问对方有什么问题或不顺心的事， 也可询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接“也可询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接“with sb./sth.”，表示“某人，表示“某人/ 某物怎么了”。某物怎么了”。 (2)matter用作名词时，意为“问题；事情”；用作动词时，意为用作名词时，意为“问题；事情”；用作动词时，意为 “要紧；关系重大”，主要用于疑问句或否定句。“要紧；关系重大”，主要用于疑问句或否定句。 e.g. I have a matter to discuss with you. It doesnt matter. Whats the matter with your

16、 brother？ (2020新疆）新疆）Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What most _is how you see yourself. A. drinks B. matters C. cares D. minds 练一练练一练 8. mean（meant，meant）打算；意欲打算；意欲 e.g. My new job means traveling around the world. I mean you to work as our spokesman. I mean that we have to leave early.

17、 9. difficulty的用法的用法 (1)difficulty是是difficult的名词形式，意为“困难；难题”。的名词形式，意为“困难；难题”。 (2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，做某事有困难”，difficulty前可以前可以 加形容词，如加形容词，如great。 e.g. They had great difficulty (in) finding you. Im Daisy, not Jessie. Sorry. I have difficulty _ peoples name. Aremembering Bremember

18、Cto remember 练一练练一练 10. imagine的用法的用法 11. lie的用法 词汇词汇 词义词义 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 现在分词现在分词 lie 躺躺;位于位于 lay lain lying lie 说谎说谎,撒谎撒谎 lied lied lying lay 放置放置;产卵产卵 laid laid laying 辨析辨析lie和和lay 口诀记忆口诀记忆 规则的说谎规则的说谎( 规则动词规则动词lieliedlied ), 不规则的躺不规则的躺( 不规则动词不规则动词lielaylain ), 躺过就下蛋躺过就下蛋( 躺的过去式是下蛋的原形躺的过去式是下蛋的原形

19、), 下蛋说付钱下蛋说付钱( lay, say, pay的过去式和过去分词构成规律相同的过去式和过去分词构成规律相同 )。 1. （2020桂林）桂林）Diana is_（躺，平躺）（躺，平躺）in the sun at this moment. 2.The hens 50 eggs last week,but this week they arent . A.lay;lying B.laid;laying C.lay;laying D.lied;lying 3.The girl on the ground to me that she had_ the wallet on the desk.

20、 A.lying;lay;laid B.lying;lied;laid C.lie;lied;lay D.lay;lied;lain lying 练一练练一练 单词单词 用法用法 例句例句 sick 既可放既可放be (系动词系动词)后作表语，也可放名词前后作表语，也可放名词前 作定语。作定语。sick person patient 病人。常用短病人。常用短 语：语：be sick of讨厌；厌恶讨厌；厌恶 She is looking after her sick father. ill 只能放只能放be (系动词系动词)后作表语，后作表语，“病人病人”可以可以 说说“a sick man”

21、，但不能说，但不能说“an ill man”。 常用短语：常用短语：be ill in hospital 生病住院生病住院 Tom is ill in hospital. 12. 辨析辨析sick与与ill My little brother was _. I must look after the _ boy. A. ill; sick B. sick; ill C. ill; ill 练一练练一练 13. 辨析辨析run out, run out of与与use up 短语短语 用法用法 run out 句子的主语是表句子的主语是表“物物”的名词或代词，其后不接宾语的名词或代词，其后不接宾

22、语 ，不用于被动语态，不用于被动语态 run out of 句子的主语是表句子的主语是表“人人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语的名词或代词，其后接宾语 use up 句子的主语是表句子的主语是表“人人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语，的名词或代词，其后接宾语， 可用于被动语态可用于被动语态 e.g. Our money ran out. We ran out of money. We used up our money. Our money was used up. 1. The oil on the earth will _ one day. I think so. We should make goo

23、d use of it. A. find out B. work out C. run out 2. 纸已经用光了纸已经用光了。(汉译英汉译英) . The paper has run out already 练一练练一练 七、语法复习七、语法复习 七、语法复习七、语法复习 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化,不能单独不能单独 作句子的谓语。其基本构成形式为作句子的谓语。其基本构成形式为“to+动词原形动词原形”, to为动词不定式的为动词不定式的 符号符号, 本身无意义本身无意义,有时可以省略。动词不定式的具体用法如下有时可

24、以省略。动词不定式的具体用法如下: 1.作主语作主语:动词不定式作主语可位于句首动词不定式作主语可位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 e.g. To learn English well is very important. 2.作宾语作宾语:常见跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有常见跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail, choose, manage, promise, expect, afford等。等。 e.g.

25、 He hopes to see you soon. 动词不定式动词不定式 3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语: (1)常见跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有常见跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, want, tell, wish, like, teach, invite, advise, allow, order, encourage, warn,get等。等。 e.g. I invited him to come to my birthday party. (2)常见跟省略常见跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词的不定式作宾语补足语的动词:“一感一感”( feel );“二二 听听”(hea

26、r, listen to);“三使三使”(make, let,have);“四看四看”(see, watch, notice, look at);“一半帮一半帮”(help, 后接不接后接不接to都可以都可以)。 e.g. This afternoon I watched them play football. 4.作表语作表语:动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语,一般放在系动词一般放在系动词be,seem的后面的后面,主语通常主语通常 是是wish, idea, task, job等名词。等名词。 e.g. My wish is to be a doctor. 5.作定语作定语:动词不定式作定

27、语动词不定式作定语,应置于所修饰的词语之后。常接动词不应置于所修饰的词语之后。常接动词不 定式作定语的名词有定式作定语的名词有way, time, place, promise, wish等。等。 e.g. There is no time to think. 6.作状语作状语: (1)动词不定式作状语表原因动词不定式作状语表原因,其结构是其结构是“be+adj.+to do”,常搭配的形容常搭配的形容 词有词有sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, wrong, right

28、等。等。 e.g. She is very happy to see her husband. (2)动词不定式作状语表结果动词不定式作状语表结果,常用于常用于too.to.,enough to.结构中。结构中。 He is too young to go to school.= He isnt old enough to go to school. (3)动词不定式作状语表目的。动词不定式作状语表目的。 e.g. She went home to have dinner. 1. （2020桂林）桂林）They want _a football match. A. not watch B. w

29、atch C. to watch 2.（2020邵阳）邵阳）When does the online class begin, Mrs. Grace? At eight oclock. Tell Cindy _late. A. not be B. not being C. not to be 3.（2020吉林）吉林）Lisa plans_ a new picture next week. A. draw B. to draw C. drawing 练一练练一练 八、写作复习八、写作复习 健康与急救健康与急救 写作指导写作指导 健康与急救是我们生活中经常谈论的话题。此话题涉及的写作出题方向常有

30、以健康与急救是我们生活中经常谈论的话题。此话题涉及的写作出题方向常有以 下几种下几种: 1.对于健康的看法及建议、运动与健康的关系等对于健康的看法及建议、运动与健康的关系等; 2.如何做到饮食健康如何做到饮食健康,如何保护牙齿、眼睛等如何保护牙齿、眼睛等; 3.探讨熬夜、吸烟等对健康的危害探讨熬夜、吸烟等对健康的危害; 4.突发事件如何急救等。突发事件如何急救等。 考生在写作时考生在写作时,首先要仔细审题首先要仔细审题,确定写作主题和角度。其次确定写作主题和角度。其次,这一话题涉及的文章这一话题涉及的文章 以说明文和议论文为主以说明文和议论文为主,所以写作时所以写作时,考生应逐一阐述要点考生应

31、逐一阐述要点,并用恰当的连接词连接并用恰当的连接词连接 起来起来,使文章条理清晰。文章最后可以进行总结使文章条理清晰。文章最后可以进行总结,如健康的意义、呼吁大家养成良好如健康的意义、呼吁大家养成良好 的生活习惯等。的生活习惯等。 重点词汇重点词汇 1.描述病情描述病情:have a cold/fever/toothache/headache/nosebleed/ stomachache/sore back/sore throat., feel worse/better. 2.就诊建议就诊建议:get an X-ray, take ones temperature,take breaks/ta

32、ke a break,cut off. 3.生活习惯生活习惯:healthy eating habit, do exercise, used to do sth., be used to doing sth.,keep fit/healthy. 提提分句型分句型 1.开头句开头句: More and more people know the importance of. Health means much wealth to everyone. 2.正文句正文句: To eat healthily, we should eat healthy food instead of junk food

33、 at school or at home. We should do more exercise in order to keep healthy. He told me to take a rest and drink more water. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. 3.结尾句结尾句: At last,we hope that we all. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced die

34、t. I hope everyone can keep in good health. 优秀范文优秀范文 (2020黄石）我市某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文，请从以下要点中选择黄石）我市某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文，请从以下要点中选择 两到三点，写一篇题为“两到三点，写一篇题为“How to keep healthy”的短文，参加此次活动。”的短文，参加此次活动。 要点：要点： 1.运动有益身心健康。多锻炼，如跑步、爬山、骑车等；运动有益身心健康。多锻炼，如跑步、爬山、骑车等； 2.养成健康的饮食习惯养成健康的饮食习惯, 如多喝水和牛奶，多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃垃圾食品和快如多喝水和牛奶

35、，多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃垃圾食品和快 餐；餐； 3.学习有计划，早睡早起不熬夜，劳逸结合；学习有计划，早睡早起不熬夜，劳逸结合； 4.乐观、积极、友好，与同学和睦相处。乐观、积极、友好，与同学和睦相处。 要求：要求： 1.可结合自身事例、适当发挥；语言通顺，意思连贯可结合自身事例、适当发挥；语言通顺，意思连贯 2.80词左右。（无须写标题，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）词左右。（无须写标题，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数） 参考词汇：参考词汇：keep healthy physically and mentally保持身心健康保持身心健康 regularly有规律地有规律地 optimistic乐

36、观的乐观的 Keeping healthy plays an important role in our daily life. What should we do to keep healthy? First, exercise is good for keeping healthy physically and mentally. We can participate in regular exercise, such as cycling, mountain climbing, running and so on. Second, its very important for us to

37、 form healthy eating habits. We should drink more water and milk, and eat more vegetables and fruits. And we should avoid eating too much junk food and fast food. Third, we should be optimistic, positive and friendly. We should also get along well with classmates. If we try to do that, well be a hea

38、lthier person. 针对练习针对练习 假如你是李华假如你是李华,你得知你的英国好友你得知你的英国好友Peter由于长时间玩手机游戏由于长时间玩手机游戏,现现 在出现头痛、眼睛不舒服、睡不好觉等症状。请你用英语给他写一在出现头痛、眼睛不舒服、睡不好觉等症状。请你用英语给他写一 封电子邮件封电子邮件,建议他去看医生建议他去看医生,并给出关于保持健康的建议。并给出关于保持健康的建议。 要点提示要点提示:1.停止玩手机游戏停止玩手机游戏; 2.多做户外多做户外( outdoor )运动运动; 3.多结交一些朋友。多结交一些朋友。 要求要求:1.语句通顺、逻辑严密语句通顺、逻辑严密; 2.词数

39、词数80100( 格式及结尾已给出格式及结尾已给出,不计入总词数不计入总词数 )。 Dear Peter, Im sorry to hear that youre not feeling well these days._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I hope youll get better soon. Yours, Li Hua I think you should go to the doctor first. At the same time you need to learn to keep healthy. Looking at screens for a long time will lead to many problems. To keep fit, you need to stop playing phone games because it will make your condition worse. Besides this,you should do some outdoor activities, which are good for your health. Whats more, you should make more friends. Friends can help you stay away from phone games.