2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标）八下 Units 3—4课件

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1、八下八下 Units 34 人教版英语一轮复习人教版英语一轮复习 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 目录目录 三、重点短语三、重点短语 四、重点句型四、重点句型 五、熟词生义五、熟词生义 六、考点清单六、考点清单 七、语法复习七、语法复习 八、写作复习八、写作复习 一、重点单词一、重点单词 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.垃圾；废弃物垃圾；废弃物(n.)_ 2.折叠；对折折叠；对折(v.)_ 3.地板地板(n.)_ 4.杂乱；不整洁杂乱；不整洁(n.)_ 5.也不也不(adv.)两者都不两者都不(pron.)_ 6.衬衫衬衫(n.)_ 7.给；递；走过；通过给；递；走过；通过(v.)_ 8.借；借用借；

2、借用(v.)_ 9.手指手指(n.)_ 10.讨厌；厌恶讨厌；厌恶(v.)_ 11.当当的时候的时候;然而然而(conj.)_ 12.点心；小吃点心；小吃(n.)_ 13.心理负担心理负担(n.)_ 14.提供；供应提供；供应(v.)_ 15.(美式美式)橄榄球；足球橄榄球；足球_ 16.造成；引起造成；引起(v.)_ 17.邻居邻居(n.)_ 18.错误的错误的(adj.)_ wrong rubbish fold floor mess neither shirt pass borrow finger hate while snack stress provide football cause

3、 neighbor 19.猜测；估计猜测；估计(v.)_ 20.协议；交易协议；交易(n.)_ 21.关系；联系；交往关系；联系；交往(n.)_ 22.云；云朵云；云朵(n.)_ 23.年纪较长的年纪较长的(adj.)_ 24.任何；每一任何；每一(pron.)_ 25.焦虑的；担忧的焦虑的；担忧的(adj.)_ 26.主动提出主动提出(v.)_ 27.代替；反而；却代替；反而；却(adv.)_ 28.合适的合适的(adj.)_ 29.第二；其次第二；其次(adv.)_ 30.清楚易懂的清楚易懂的(adj.)_ 31.抄袭；复印抄袭；复印(v.)_ 32.归还归还;返回返回(v.)_ 33.(

4、不不)再再(adv.)_ 34.成员；分子成员；分子(n.)_ 35.压力压力(n.)_ 36.技艺；技巧技艺；技巧(n.)_ 37.典型的典型的(adj.)_ 38.持续；继续存在持续；继续存在(v.)_ 39.不理智的；疯狂的不理智的；疯狂的(adj.)_ 40.鞭策；督促鞭策；督促(v.)_ push guess deal relation cloud elder whatever nervous offer instead proper secondly clear copy return anymore member pressure skill typical continue c

5、razy 1. sweep(v.)打；打扫打；打扫_(过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词) 2throw(v.)扔；掷扔；掷_(过去式过去式)_(过去分词过去分词) 3lend(v.)借给；借出借给；借出_(过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词) 4waste(n.)浪费；垃圾浪费；垃圾(v.)浪费；滥用浪费；滥用_(adj.)浪费的浪费的 _(反义词反义词)(v.)节省；节约节省；节约 5depend(v.)依靠；依赖依靠；依赖_(adj.)依赖的；依靠的依赖的；依靠的 _(n.)依赖；依靠依赖；依靠_(adj.)独立的；自主的独立的；自主的 6develop(v.)发展；壮大发展；壮大_(adj.)

6、发展中的发展中的 _(n.)发展；发育；成长发展；发育；成长 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 development swept threw thrown lent wasteful save dependent dependence independent developing 7fair(adj.)公平的；公正的公平的；公正的_(adj.)不公平的；不公正的不公平的；不公正的 _(n.)公平；公正性；合理性公平；公正性；合理性 8ill(adj.)有病；不舒服有病；不舒服_(n.)病；疾病病；疾病 9drop(v.)落下；掉下落下；掉下_(过去式过去式/过去分词过去分词) _(现在分词现在分词)

7、 10wrong(adj.)有毛病的；错误的有毛病的；错误的_(反义词反义词)(adj.)正确的正确的 11communicate(v.)沟通；交流沟通；交流_(n.)交流；沟通交流；沟通 12explain(v.)解释；说明解释；说明_(n.)解释；说明解释；说明 13compete(v.)竞争；对抗竞争；对抗_(n.)竞争；竞赛竞争；竞赛 competition unfair fairness illness dropped dropping right communication explanation 14quick(adj.)快的快的_(adv.)快地；迅速地快地；迅速地 15com

8、pare(v.)比较；对比比较；对比_(n.)对比对比 16usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的通常的；寻常的_(adv.)通常地通常地 _(adj.)不寻常的；不一般的不寻常的；不一般的 17argue(v.)争吵；争论争吵；争论_(n.)争吵；争论争吵；争论 argument quickly comparation usually unusual 三、重点短语三、重点短语 1.倒垃圾倒垃圾 . 2.频繁；反复频繁；反复 . 3.一一就就 . 4.目的是；为了目的是；为了 . 5.依靠；信赖依靠；信赖 . 6.照顾；处理照顾；处理 . 7.快速查看；浏览快速查看；浏览 . 8.成功地发展；解

9、决成功地发展；解决 . 9.和睦相处；关系良好和睦相处；关系良好 . take out the rubbish all the time as soon as in order to depend on take care of look through work out get on with 10.代替代替 . 11.扔下扔下 . 12.删除；删去删除；删去 . 13.比较；对比比较；对比 . 14.依依看看 . 15.没问题没问题 . 16.惊讶地惊讶地 . 17.走过来走过来 . 18.整理床铺整理床铺 . 19.和和吵架吵架 . 20.了解了解 . throw down cut ou

10、t comparewith in ones opinion no problem come over make the bed get into a fight with know about instead of in surprise 四、重点句型四、重点句型 1. _ _ _ clean your room？ 你能打扫你的房间吗？你能打扫你的房间吗？ Sure, Mom.当然可以，妈妈。当然可以，妈妈。 2Well call you _ _ _ we get there. 我们一到达那里就给你打电话。我们一到达那里就给你打电话。3I dont like this kind of food

11、.我不喜欢这种食物。我不喜欢这种食物。 _ _ I我也不喜欢。我也不喜欢。 4_ _ you talk to your parents？ 你为什么不和你父母谈谈？你为什么不和你父母谈谈？ Why dont Could you please as soon as Neither do 5My parents dont allow me to _ _ with my friends. 我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。6_he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 相反，他看他想看的任何节目，一直到深夜。

12、相反，他看他想看的任何节目，一直到深夜。7Others are practicing sports _ _ they can compete and win. 其他人都在进行体育训练，以便他们能参加竞赛并且获胜。其他人都在进行体育训练，以便他们能参加竞赛并且获胜。 so that hang out Instead 五、熟词生义五、熟词生义 1. mess (n.)A. 杂乱；不整洁杂乱；不整洁 B. 困境困境 (v.)C. 使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱 (1)The economy is in a mess. _ (2)Be carefulyoure messing my hair

13、. _ B C 2. pass (v.)A. 给；递；走过；通过给；递；走过；通过 B. 传球传球 C. 及格；结束及格；结束 D. 推移；逝去推移；逝去 (n.)E. 及格；合格；通过及格；合格；通过 F. 关口关口 G. 通行证通行证 (1)Exchange your boarding pass at the counter. _ (2)She got a pass in French. _ (3)The people could not find a pass through the tall mountains to the west of the river. _ (4)Fortun

14、ately, all the students in our class passed the exam._ (5)As time passed , people began to see the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源资源) _ G E F C D 3. waste (v.)A. 浪费；滥用浪费；滥用 (adj.)B. 废弃的废弃的，丢弃的丢弃的，无用的无用的 C. 荒芜的荒芜的 (n.)D. 垃圾垃圾 E. 浪费浪费 F. 废料；废物废料；废物 (1)Please pick up the waste pa

15、per on the floor. _ (2)Nowadays factories try to separate their waste to make it easier to be reused. _ (3)The car was found on a piece of waste ground. _ F B C 4. develop (v.)A. 发展；壮大发展；壮大 B. (使使)成长成长，(使使)发展发展C. 开发；研制开发；研制 D. 培养培养 E. 患病患病 (1)The study found that young men were more likely to develo

16、p depression than young women given the same amount of media use. _ (2)In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. _ (3)The company develops and sells new softwares. _ (4)Hobbies can develop your interests and help you learn new skills. _ E B C D 5. drop (v

17、.)A. 掉下掉下，落下落下 B. 降低；减少降低；减少 (n.)C. 滴滴，水珠水珠 (1)Rain drops fell on the travelers through the open window. _ (2)In the UK, sales of e-books are dropping while sales of paper books are rising. _ B C 6. clear (adj.)A. 清楚易懂的；明白的清楚易懂的；明白的 B. 清澈的；晴朗的清澈的；晴朗的 C. 显然的显然的 (v.)D. 澄清澄清 E. 移走；移走； 清除；清除； 恢复畅通恢复畅通 F

18、. 天气转晴；变清澈；天气转晴；变清澈；(烟雾烟雾)等消散等消散 (1)And theres probably no better time to clear their names than now during the Year of the Pig. _ (2)The sky cleared after the storm. _ (3)The water was so clear that we could see the bottom of the lake._ (4)She cleared her throat and said, “Good afternoon, I am Emil

19、y.”_ (5)It was clear that he was a homeless cat because he looked thin and weak. _ D F E B C 7. copy (v.)A. 复制；模仿复制；模仿 B. 复印；抄袭复印；抄袭 (n.) C. 抄本抄本，副本；复印件副本；复印件 D. 一本一本(份份，册册) ) (1)Please keep copies of your text, pictures or photos. _ (2)More than two million copies have been sold. _ C D 8. cause (v.

20、)A. 造成；引起造成；引起 (n.)B. 原因；起因原因；起因 (1)A cause would always lead to a result. _ (2)The bad weather is causing problems to many farmers._ A B 六、考点清单六、考点清单 1. neither的用法的用法 1).neither作代词时作代词时,意为意为“两者都不两者都不”,作主语时作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形谓语动词一般用单数形 式式,常用于常用于“neither of+名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格”结构结构,其中名词之前必须有限定其中名词之前必须有限定 词词,如如

21、my,the,any,these等。等。 e.g. Neither of my parents enjoys music. 2).neither作形容词时作形容词时,意为意为“( 两者两者 )都不都不”,置于置于可数名词单数可数名词单数之前。之前。 e.g. Neither chair is comfortable. 3).neither作副词时作副词时,意为意为“也不也不”,置于句首置于句首,句子用倒装语序。句子用倒装语序。neither也可也可 用用nor替换。替换。“neither/nor+助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语”表示前面所表表示前面所表 述的否定情况也适

22、用于后者述的否定情况也适用于后者;“neither/nor+主语主语+助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词” 表示后者赞同前面的否定观点。表示后者赞同前面的否定观点。 e.g. I couldnt do anything for her. Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her. 4).neither作连词时作连词时,可构成可构成neither.nor.结构结构,意为意为“既不既不也不也不”, 与与both.and.意思相反。当意思相反。当neither.nor.连接两个并列的主语时连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动

23、谓语动 词遵循词遵循“就近原则就近原则”。 e.g. Neither he nor I am able to understand the meaning of the words. 1.（2020十堰）十堰）What would you like, juice or coffee? _. I just want a glass of water. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None 2.（2020绥化）绥化） Will you go to the movies tomorrow? If you dont go, _. A. neither do I B.

24、 neither wont I C. neither will I 练一练练一练 2. while的用法的用法 1.while作名词时作名词时,意为意为“一段时间一段时间;一会儿一会儿”。 e.g. I havent seen him for quite a while. 2.while作连词作连词: (1)意为意为“在在期间期间;当当的时候的时候”时时,引导的从句谓语动词只能是延引导的从句谓语动词只能是延 续性的续性的;而而when引导的时间状语从句中既可以用引导的时间状语从句中既可以用延续性动词延续性动词表示状态表示状态 或时间段或时间段,也可以用也可以用非延续性动词非延续性动词表示动作或

25、时间点。当主从句动作表示动作或时间点。当主从句动作 同时发生同时发生,且从句谓语动词是延续性动词时且从句谓语动词是延续性动词时,while,when,as这三个词可这三个词可 以互换。以互换。 e.g. While/When/As I was studying yesterday,it suddenly snowed. ( (2)意为意为“与与同时同时”,表示两件事情同时发生。表示两件事情同时发生。as也可表示从句动作也可表示从句动作 和主句动作同时发生和主句动作同时发生,表示一件事情发生时表示一件事情发生时,另一件事也在发生。另一件事也在发生。when 表示从句动作和主句动作同时发生或从句动

26、作先于主句动作发生。表示从句动作和主句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。 e.g. While I was sleeping,he was writing his paper. (3)意为意为“而而;然而然而”,表示前后意义上的对比或转折。表示前后意义上的对比或转折。 e.g. I like English while my brother does not. (4)意为意为“虽然虽然;尽管尽管”。 e.g. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. (5)意为意为“只要只要”,引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。

27、 e.g. While there is water,there is hope of life. 1. （黔东南）（黔东南）-_did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu? -While we _ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A. When; have had B. When; were having C. While; are having D. While; have 2.（2020长沙）长沙） What happened to Mrs Smart? She cut herself while she _ lunch

28、. A. prepares B. is preparing C. was preparing 练一练练一练 3. provide 的用法的用法 辨析辨析provide,offer和和give (1)provide主要指提供所需之物主要指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。接双宾语时多与尤其是生活必需品。接双宾语时多与 介词介词for或或with连用。连用。 e.g. They provide us with food. (2)offer指提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物指提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物,多含有多含有“主动提供主动提供”之意。之意。 可接不定式作宾语可接不定式作宾语,接双宾语时可与介词接双

29、宾语时可与介词to连用。连用。 e.g. He offered some useful advice to us. (3)give意为意为“供给供给;给出给出”,多指一般性地给出或因别人需要而给。接双多指一般性地给出或因别人需要而给。接双 宾语时可与介词宾语时可与介词to连用。连用。 e.g. Can you give a job to me? 1.In the world,more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water about 570 million children. A.with B.for C.towards

30、D.against 2.Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always guests with better service. A.offer B.give C.present D.provide 练一练练一练 4. allow的用法的用法 allow为动词为动词,意为意为“允许允许;准许准许;让让”,后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。 常见用法常见用法:allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事允许某人做某事”;allow doing st

31、h.“允许允许 做某事做某事”;be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事被允许做某事”。 e.g. If you allow me,I will send you back. His parents allowed him to stay out late. Smoking is not allowed in the hall. 使役动词使役动词let和和make也可以表示也可以表示“让某人做某事让某人做某事”。使役动词后接动词。使役动词后接动词 原形作宾语补足语原形作宾语补足语,但是当变为被动语态时需要加上不定式符号但是当变为被动语态时需要加上不定式符号to,即即 be le

32、t to do sth.,be made to do sth.。 e.g. She often makes her child do homework all day. She is made to follow the rules. 1. The students in this school to choose their own school uniforms( 校服校服 ). A.are allowed B.allowed C.are allowing D.were allowing 2.Their parents dont allow them in the river becaus

33、e its really dangerous. A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swam 练一练练一练 5. compare的用法的用法 compare作动词作动词,意为意为“比较比较;对比对比”,常与常与with或或to连用。连用。compare.with. 意为意为“把把和和相比相比”;compare.to.意为意为“把把比作比作”。 e.g. My mother always compares me with other kids. People like to compare teachers to candles. (2020鄂尔多斯鄂尔多斯)与过去的定位

34、系统相比，北斗定位系统更精准更强大。与过去的定位系统相比，北斗定位系统更精准更强大。 _ _ the positioning systems in the past, Beidou positioning system is more accurate and powerful. Compared to/with 练一练练一练 短语短语 用法用法 位置位置 so as to 后接动词原形作目的状语后接动词原形作目的状语 不能放句首不能放句首 in order to 后接动词原形作目的状语后接动词原形作目的状语 能放句首能放句首 in order that 引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句 能放

35、句首能放句首 so that (1)引导目的状语从句，从句中常有引导目的状语从句，从句中常有can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should等情态动词等情态动词 (2)引导结果状语从句，上述情态动词很引导结果状语从句，上述情态动词很 少出现，且前常有逗号与主句隔开少出现，且前常有逗号与主句隔开 不能放句首不能放句首 6. 辨析辨析so as to, in order to, in order that与与so that 1.（2020海南）海南）President Xi encourages all Chinese people to pla

36、nt trees_ our country can be greener and more beautiful. A. so that B. as long as C. even though 2. （2020新疆）新疆）A man from the supermarket told Scott they had done so in order to _(protect ) the family. protect 练一练练一练 辨析辨析 词性词性 用法用法 instead 副词副词 “代替；反而；却代替；反而；却”， 作副词，作副词， 修饰修饰 整个句子，位于句首或句末整个句子，位于句首或句

37、末 instead of 介词短语介词短语 “代替；而不是”，代替；而不是”， 后面跟名词、后面跟名词、 代词、名词短语或动名词代词、名词短语或动名词 e.g. I didnt have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. I decided to learn French instead of Japanese. 7. 辨析辨析instead与与instead of 1.(2020广州）凯特决定去社区工作，而不去度假。广州）凯特决定去社区工作，而不去度假。 Instead of_ _ _, Kate decided to work in the commun

38、ity. 2. (2020南通）南通）We cant throw used batteries away. _, they should be collected for special treatment going on holiday Instead 练一练练一练 辨析辨析 含义含义 用法用法 borrow 借入；借来借入；借来 borrow sth. from sb. 表示主语向别人借东西表示主语向别人借东西 lend 借给；借出借给；借出 lend sth. to sb.lend sb. sth.表示主语把东表示主语把东 西借给别人西借给别人 keep 保存；借保存；借 “keep

39、sth. for一段时间一段时间”表示借多长时间表示借多长时间 return 归还归还 return sth. to sb.表示主语给某人还某物，表示主语给某人还某物， 相当于相当于give back 8. 辨析辨析borrow, lend, keep与与return 1. （2020黔东南）黔东南）Sam _ a computer from me yesterday. A. sold B. borrowed C. lent D. returned 2. How long may I these books? For a week. A.borrow B.buy C.keep D.lend 练

40、一练练一练 9. 表示时间、距离等词作主语的用法表示时间、距离等词作主语的用法 I think two hours of TV is enough for you！ two hours虽然为复数形式，但表示时间、距离、金额、度量等的词虽然为复数形式，但表示时间、距离、金额、度量等的词 语作主语时，通常被视作一个整体，谓语动词要用语作主语时，通常被视作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数单数形式，因此形式，因此 这里用了这里用了is。 e.g. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. Three years is a short time. You have to stud

41、y hard. (2020呼和浩特呼和浩特) A survey of the opinions of experts_ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for our health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are 练一练练一练 10. as soon as的用法的用法 (1)as soon as“一一就就”，引导时间状语从句，相当于“，引导时间状语从句，相当于“the minute (that).”。若主句用。若主句用一般将来时一般将来时，从句常用，从句常用一般现在时一般现在时表表 示将来。示将来。 e.g. Ill write to you as soon as I get there. (2)as soon as还有“尽快”的意思，最常用的搭配是还有“尽快”的意思，最常用的搭配是as soon as possible, as soon as you can。 (2020桂林桂林)The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” _it was twelve oclock.