2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标）八上 Units 5—6课件

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1、八上八上 Units 56 人教版英语一轮复习人教版英语一轮复习 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 目录目录 三、重点短语三、重点短语 四、重点句型四、重点句型 五、熟词生义五、熟词生义 六、考点清单六、考点清单 七、语法复习七、语法复习 八、写作复习八、写作复习 一、重点单词一、重点单词 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.新闻新闻 n. _ 2.介意介意v._ 3.打算；计划打算；计划 v. 出现出现”, 尤指意外发生。主语通常是尤指意外发生。主语通常是 物。物。 e.g. You will never guess what has happened. 2.happen还有还有“碰巧碰巧;恰好恰好”之意

2、。之意。 e.g. She happened to be out when we called her. 3.happen的常见用法的常见用法:sb.happen to do sth.“某人碰巧做事某人碰巧做事”;sth.happen to sb.“某人发生了某事某人发生了某事”。 e.g. We happened to meet in the street. What happened to you on April Fools Day? 辨析辨析happen和和take place happen意为意为“( 碰巧碰巧 )发生发生”,指事情的发生具有一定的指事情的发生具有一定的偶然性偶然性。

3、 e.g. On my way home,a car accident happened. take place意为意为“发生发生;举行举行”,指事先计划好的事情指事先计划好的事情按照预定的方向发生按照预定的方向发生。 e.g. The concert will take place tomorrow. 注意注意: happen和和take place都不能用于被动语态。都不能用于被动语态。 After we had the history class,I knew that in 1919,the May 4th Movement in China. A.took place B.held

4、C.happened D.took after 练一练练一练 2. hope,wish和和expect的用法的用法 1).hope表示主观上希望表示主观上希望,可以接可以接从句或不定式从句或不定式作宾语作宾语,但不能接不定式但不能接不定式 作宾补。作宾补。 e.g. I hope that he will arrive in time. 2).wish 往往表示客观上不太可能实现的目标往往表示客观上不太可能实现的目标,也可以表示祝愿也可以表示祝愿,可接从可接从 句或不定式作宾语句或不定式作宾语,也可接双宾语。常见用法也可接双宾语。常见用法:wish sb.to do sth.“希望希望 某人做

5、某事某人做某事”。 e.g. I wish you to be happy. 3).expect 表示表示“期待期待;期望期望”,侧重于相信有可能实现的愿望侧重于相信有可能实现的愿望,可接可接名词、名词、 不定式以及不定式的复合结构不定式以及不定式的复合结构。 e.g. I expect you to give me a hand. 4).hope后不能直接接名词作宾语后不能直接接名词作宾语,可接可接“for+名词名词”,表示可实现表示可实现 的希望。的希望。wish也可接也可接“for+名词名词”,但表示很难实现的愿望。但表示很难实现的愿望。 e.g. We are hoping for g

6、ood weather on Sunday. She shut her eyes to wish for a million dollars in her bag. 用用hope, wish或或expect的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 1. Did you watch the football game yesterday? Yes,I did.John is really a dark horse. Nobody _ him to go so far. 2. I always _ I could fly like a bird. expected wish 练一练练一练 3. so的用法的用

7、法 1.so作副词时作副词时,表示程度表示程度,意为意为“这么这么;那么那么”。so可以修饰可以修饰形容词形容词,也可以也可以 修饰修饰副词副词。当名词前面有。当名词前面有many,much,few和和 little 的时候只能用的时候只能用so修饰。修饰。 e.g. Dont look so angry. The meeting room will hold only so many people. 2.so还可以用作连词还可以用作连词,连接表示连接表示因果关系因果关系的并列句。的并列句。 e.g. It was snowing,so I could not go out. 3.so.tha

8、t.引导引导结果状语从句结果状语从句;so that可以引导可以引导目的状语从句和结果状目的状语从句和结果状 语从句。语从句。 e.g. She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. He wore a mask so that no one could recognize him. 4. not so.as意为意为“不像不像那样那样;不如不如那样那样”。 e.g. Im not so stupid as to believe that. 5.so 还可以用于还可以用于“so+主语主语+助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词”句型中

9、句型中,表示表示 “的确如此的确如此”;用于用于“so+助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语”句型中句型中,表表 示前面说的情况也适用于后者。示前面说的情况也适用于后者。 e.g. He won a big prize in the writing competition. So he did. If he goes to the cinema tomorrow, so will I. 辨析辨析so和和such so为副词为副词,意为意为“这么这么;那么那么”,通常修饰形容词和副词通常修饰形容词和副词;such可用作形容可用作形容 词词,意为意为“这样的这样的;那样的那样的”

10、,修饰名词修饰名词( 可数、不可数均可可数、不可数均可 )。 e.g. Its such a beautiful day!=Its so beautiful a day! 1.(2020海南）海南）President Xi encourages all Chinese people to plant trees_ our country can be greener and more beautiful. A. so that B. as long as C. even though 2.（2020东营）东营）Many students hated to have classes on Din

11、gTalk, _ they gave it one-star reviews（评价）（评价）. A. so B. or C. but D. while 练一练练一练 4. 辨析辨析be able to和和can (1)be able to 表示表示“能够做某事能够做某事”,侧重通过努力而获得的能力侧重通过努力而获得的能力;can也也 可以表示可以表示“能够做某事能够做某事”,泛指一般的能力。此外泛指一般的能力。此外,can还可以表示请求、还可以表示请求、 允许、推测等意思。允许、推测等意思。 e.g. He was able to speak five kinds of foreign lan

12、guages. Can I use your bike? (2)can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,但但be able to可以用于多种可以用于多种 时态。时态。 e.g. John has been able to skate for many years. He could swim when he was five years old. 1. (2020镇江）镇江）I am proud that our Chinese survey team_ successfully remeasure Qomolangma(再测珠穆朗玛峰再测珠穆朗玛峰), the w

13、orlds highest peak. A. must B. can C. may D. should 2. Will Jim go to the movies with us tonight? Maybe. A.can B.should C.must D.be able to 练一练练一练 5mind v介意；对介意；对(某事某事)烦恼烦恼 (1)用作动词，表示“介意；在乎”等，其后接动词时要用用作动词，表示“介意；在乎”等，其后接动词时要用ing形式。形式。 e.g. Im sure he wouldnt mind your going with us. (2)用作名词，表示“脑子；心思；

14、想法”等，通常用作名词。用作名词，表示“脑子；心思；想法”等，通常用作名词。 e.g. I dont change my mind. (3)Would you mind.? 意为“做意为“做你介意吗？”相当于你介意吗？”相当于Do you mind.？回答该句型时，如果要拒绝对方的提议时，往往用？回答该句型时，如果要拒绝对方的提议时，往往用Im sorry.或或Im afraid youd better not.等表示委婉的拒绝；如果接受对等表示委婉的拒绝；如果接受对 方的提议，往往用方的提议，往往用No, certainly not. / No, not at all. / Of cours

15、e not. e.g. Would you mind my smoking here？ No, not at all. 1. (2020甘肃）甘肃）Do you mind me_(open)the window? 2. Mrs. Miller always minds _ the terrible smoke. Asmells Bsmell Csmelling Dto smell 练一练练一练 opening 6expect v预料；期待预料；期待 (1)expect sth.预料某事，期望某事预料某事，期望某事 e.g. I expect a hot summer this year. (2

16、)expect sb.to do sth. 预料某人会做某事、期望某人会做某事预料某人会做某事、期望某人会做某事 e.g. What do you expect me to say? (3)expect to do sth. 想要做某事，打算做某事想要做某事，打算做某事 e.g. I expect to be back on Sunday. (4)expect that从句从句 预料预料 e.g. I expect that well succeed this time. 1. Linda is busy working every day. She expects _ some time t

17、o relax on weekends. Ahad Bhaving Cto have 2Has John done the dishes yet? You cannot _ him to do such a thing. Awant Bexpect Chope 练一练练一练 7promise n诺言；承诺诺言；承诺v.许诺；承诺许诺；承诺 (1)promise作名词，意思是“诺言、答应”，常与动词作名词，意思是“诺言、答应”，常与动词make，keep等等 词连用。词连用。 e.g. If you make a promise you should keep it, and you ought

18、 not to break it. (2)promise作及物动词的用法有：作及物动词的用法有： promise sb.sth.答应给某人某物答应给某人某物 e.g. His parents promised him a toy car as his birthday present. promise to do sth. 答应做某事答应做某事 e.g. He has promised to help me with my English. promise (sb.)that从句从句 答应答应 e.g. He promises me that he wont smoke again. 1.（2

19、020自贡）自贡）Today, pizza is still popular with people around the world. In 1973, US Dominos Pizza company promised _（take）pizzas to customers in 30 minutes or less. 2.（2020衢州）衢州）I promise_（keep） the secret. to take to keep 练一练练一练 8agree v同意，赞成同意，赞成 (1)agree用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成”用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成”,一般不用于进行时态一般

20、不用于进行时态 e.g. He agreed never to smoke. (2)agree on/about 意为“就意为“就达成一致意见”。达成一致意见”。 e.g. We agreed about that. (3)agree with意为“同意某人的意见”，后接表示人或意见的单词。意为“同意某人的意见”，后接表示人或意见的单词。 e.g. I agree with you. (4)agree to意为“同意”，后接表示提议、办法、计划、安排等方面意为“同意”，后接表示提议、办法、计划、安排等方面 的单词。的单词。 e.g. I agree to his plan. (5)agree

21、to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。意为“同意做某事”。 e.g. We agree to go home. At last, they all agreed _ me _ a trip to the village. Awith; to have Bto; to have Cwith; having Dto; having 练一练练一练 9. take up的用法的用法 (1)take up意为“意为“(尤指为消遣尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做”。学着做；开始做”。 e.g. I took up some Spanish when I lived there. (2)take up还有“占据

22、；占用”的意思。还有“占据；占用”的意思。 e.g. The table takes up too much room. 1. James is taking the old boxes away because they _ too much room. Apick up Btake up Cput up 2. What is your sister? She has _ a job as a teacher. Ataken up Btaken down Ctaken in 练一练练一练 辨析辨析 含义含义 用法用法 be famous for 因因而闻名而闻名 后接闻名的原因，与后接闻名的

23、原因，与be known for同义同义 be famous as 作为作为而闻名而闻名 后接表示职业、身份或地位等后接表示职业、身份或地位等 的词，与的词，与be known as同义同义 be famous to 为为所熟知所熟知 后接人后接人 10. 辨析辨析famous短语短语 1. Stephen Hawking was famous _ a scientist. He made a great contribution to the world. Afor Bin Cas 2. Heze _ the peony(牡丹牡丹) So it is. Thats why more and

24、more visitors spend their holidays here in spring. Ais weak in Bis famous for Cis famous as 练一练练一练 七、语法复习七、语法复习 七、语法复习七、语法复习 be going to do sth 1.be going to do sth.意为意为“计划计划/打算打算/准备做某事准备做某事”,必须与表示将来的必须与表示将来的 时间状语时间状语( 如如this afternoon,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next day等等 )连用。具体用法如下连用。具体用法如下:

25、(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排的近期要做的事情。表示事先经过考虑、安排的近期要做的事情。 e.g. They are going to swim this weekend. (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。表示根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。 e.g. What bad weather!It is going to snow tomorrow. 2. be going to的否定句式和一般疑问句式的否定句式和一般疑问句式: 句式句式 结构结构 例句例句 否定句否定句 主语主语+be not going to. Peter is not going to make a m

26、odel ship. 一般疑问句一般疑问句 Be+主语主语+going to.? Are you going to mend his chair soon? Yes, I am./No, Im not. 3. there be句型一般将来时态结构为句型一般将来时态结构为there will be there is/are going to be 1.（2020云南）云南）There _ a basketball game next Monday. If it _ , well have to put it off. A. is going to have; will rain B. is go

27、ing to have; rains C. is going to be; rains D. is going to be; will rain 2.（2020新疆）新疆）Our school is going to_(修建修建) a new library next month. build 练一练练一练 八、写作复习八、写作复习 目标与计划目标与计划 写作指导写作指导 目标与计划这一话题与考生生活息息相关目标与计划这一话题与考生生活息息相关, ,通常涉及谈论将来的打算、通常涉及谈论将来的打算、 梦想等。考生在写此类作文时梦想等。考生在写此类作文时, ,可采用可采用be going to结构

28、来谈论自己的结构来谈论自己的 计划、决心和目标。此类话题作文一般以说明文为主。写作时计划、决心和目标。此类话题作文一般以说明文为主。写作时, ,考生考生 可先点明自己的目标可先点明自己的目标, ,然后根据目标然后根据目标, ,写出实现目标的措施和方法写出实现目标的措施和方法, ,这这 部分是文章的中心内容部分是文章的中心内容, ,需要详写需要详写, ,最后最后, ,可用表决心的句子作为文章可用表决心的句子作为文章 结尾结尾, ,使文章首尾呼应使文章首尾呼应, ,内容完整。内容完整。 计划：计划：plan, want to do sth., be going to do sth., at the

29、 beginning of the term, next year, want to be a teacher, get more exercise, learn to play the guitar, make a weekly plan 希望：希望：hope, get good grades, study hard, talk to, make friends with, learn a foreign language 承诺：承诺：promise, resolution, write down ones resolutions, keep, forget, remember, physi

30、cal health, improve ones life 重点词汇重点词汇 提分句型提分句型 A goal without a plan is just a wish. If you want to have a happy life, tie it to a goal,not to people or things. Im going to work harder at schoolwork to get better grades in the new year. Youre never too old to set another goal or to pursue a new dre

31、am. Set your goals high,and dont stop till you get there. 学期之初，制订切实可行的计划是非常重要的。请根据以下学期之初，制订切实可行的计划是非常重要的。请根据以下 要点写一篇短文，介绍要点写一篇短文，介绍Mary的新学期计划。的新学期计划。 内容提示：内容提示： 1坚持写日记；坚持写日记； 2每周末爬山；每周末爬山； 3每天课外活动打羽毛球；每天课外活动打羽毛球； 4每个月给笔友写一封电子邮件；每个月给笔友写一封电子邮件； 5提高数学和历史成绩。提高数学和历史成绩。 要求：要求： 1语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实；语言规范，语句通顺，内容

32、充实； 2字数：不少于字数：不少于100词。词。 优秀范文优秀范文 Mary has a plan for the new term. She is going to keep a diary. She wants to write the things down every day. She also wants to climb the mountain every weekend. She plans to play badminton after class in the afternoon. She thinks taking exercise is good for her aft

33、er studying hard for a whole day. She hopes to write an email to her pen pal each month. She plans to work hard to improve her math and history. Mary has many things to do in the new term. If she keeps doing it, it will be a great plan. 近年来，越来越多的外籍人士融入到菏泽社区生活。假设你的小区也居住近年来，越来越多的外籍人士融入到菏泽社区生活。假设你的小区也居

34、住 着这样一个群体，社区委员会为丰富他们的生活，计划在下周六专门为外籍人士着这样一个群体，社区委员会为丰富他们的生活，计划在下周六专门为外籍人士 安排一次采摘荔枝活动，请你帮忙用英文写一份书面通知，传达给他们。安排一次采摘荔枝活动，请你帮忙用英文写一份书面通知，传达给他们。 内容提示：内容提示： 1下周六上午下周六上午8：00在北门集合，乘大巴去“幸福农场”采摘荔枝，下午在北门集合，乘大巴去“幸福农场”采摘荔枝，下午4：30 返回；返回； 2享受乡村自然美景，感受干农活的乐趣；享受乡村自然美景，感受干农活的乐趣； 3请在下周四下午请在下周四下午6：00前去办公室报名；前去办公室报名； 4你可以

35、带上你可以带上；另外；另外 要求：要求： 1语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实；语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实； 2字数：不少于字数：不少于100词；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。词；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 可能用到的词汇：荔枝可能用到的词汇：荔枝lychee；报名；报名sign ones name；幸福农场；幸福农场Happy Farm 针对训练针对训练 NOTICE June 25 In order to enrich the life of the residents(居民居民), the Community Union is going to organize a special

36、activity next Saturday. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Wish you a wonderful time! The Community Union We have organized a bus trip to Happy Farm for foreigners, where we plan to pick lychees. We will gather at the North Gate at 8：00 am.and return at 4：30 pm. next Saturday. During the trip, we can appreciate natural scenery in the countryside and have fun in farming work. Of course, you can take an umbrella so as not to get sunburnt. Besides, your safety should be taken into consideration. Sign your name in our office before 6：00 pm. next Thursday if you are interested.