2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标八下Units7—8导学案）含答案

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1、8 年级年级(下下) Units 78 导学案导学案 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.平方；正方形 n. _ 2.米；公尺 n. _ 3.沙漠 n._ 4.人口数量 n_ 5.墙 n. _ 6.古老的 adj. _ 7.保护；防护 v_ 8.野生的 adj. _ 9.西南的 adj._ 10.力量 n. _ 11.挑战；考验 v. 石油 n. _ 20.巨大的；极多的 adj. _ 21.珠宝；财富 n. _ 22.岛 n. _ 23.匆忙；赶快 v_ 24.船 n. _ 25.工具 n. _ 26.分数 n.打分 v. _ 27.朝；向 prep. _ 28.科技；工艺 n. _ 29.永远

2、adv. _ 30.在国外；到国外 adv. _ 31.现代的 adj. _ 32.属于；归属 v_ 33.一百万 num. _ 34.唱片；记录 n.录制 v. _ 35.亚洲 n._ 36.包括 v._ 37.大自然 n._ 38.竹子 n._ 39.介绍；引荐 v._ 40.行；排 n._ 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 1.Asia (n.)_(adj.)亚洲(人)的 2.tour (n. 做标记;迹象 F. 标示；标志 G. (给学生作业)打分；评分 (1)It marks a new stage in Chinas deep space exploration. _ (2)My moth

3、er spends at least six hours a week marking students homework. _ (3)After the old man finished eating, his son took him to the washroom to clean off the dirty marks. _ 3. record (n.)A. 记录 B. 唱片 C. 纪录 (v.) D. 录制；录(音) E. 记录，记载 (1)Hes the worlds fastest texter and recently set a new world record. _ (2)

4、Her childhood is recorded in diaries. _ (3)Dont forget to record that programme for me. _ 4. line (n.) A. 行；排 B. 线；线条 C. 电话线路；路线 D. 歌词；诗行 (v.)E. 沿形成行(或列、排) (1)When his classmates lined up to enter the movie theater, the boy stood alone outside. _ (2)In the race, the kind boy ran back to walk with hi

5、s good friend and let him across the finishing line first. _ (3)It is a good habit of mine to read a few lines before going to bed. _ (4)Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get through. _ 六、考点清单六、考点清单 1. population 的用法 1.population 是名词,意为“人口;人口数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g

6、. The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 2.当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。 E.g. About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 3.表示“某地有多少人口”时,常有以下表达方式: (1) the population of+某地+be+数词。 E.g. The population of China is about 1.4 billion. (2) 某地+has a population of+数词。 E.g

7、. China has a population of about 1.4 billion. (3)用介词短语 “with a population of.”表示。 E.g. China is a country with a population of about 1.4 billion. 4.询问某国、 某地有多少人口时,不用 “How much.” ,而用 “How large.” ;在问具体人口时用 “What.” 。 E.g. 1) How large is the population of your hometown? The population of our hometown

8、 is nearly twice as large as that of yours. 2) What is the population of Canada? The population of Canada is over 30 million. 练一练 Shanghai has a population than that in many other cities. A.more B.larger C.bigger D.less 2. include 和 including 的用法 include 为动词,意为“包括;包含”。其现在分词和动名词形式为 including,一般被当作介词使

9、用,和其 后的名词或代词一起构成介宾短语,意为“包括在内”,并且“including+名词/代词”相当于“名词 /代词+included”。 E.g. The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. There are 40 students in the classroom,including me. =There are 40 students in the classroom,me included. 练一练 (2020 呼和浩特） In this company a large number of people, _ my parent

10、s, _over 1000 yuan to help Wuhan. A. includes; gave in B. include; gave out C. including; gave up D. including; gave away 3. succeed 的用法 单词 用法 succeed 作动词,意为 “实现目标;成功” 。 常见搭配:succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事” 。 success 常用作不可数名词,意为“成功”。抽象名词具体化时可作可数名词,意为“一 件成功的事;一个成功的人”。常见搭配:have success in doing sth.“在某事

11、上 取得成功”。 successful 作形容词,意为“成功的”。常见搭配:be successful in doing sth.“在做某事上 取得成功”。 successfully 作副词,意为“成功地”。 练一练 1). (2020 甘肃)I believe you will_( success) in passing the English exam. 2). （2020 聊城） Bark at school, David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen-year-old boy, and _ (successful) it came

12、out as a book in 2012. 3). (2020 荆州）Chen shot and hit the target（靶子）_ (success). 4. achieve 和 come true 的用法 1）.achieve 是及物动词,后要接宾语。主语为人,宾语为目标、梦想、愿望等。常用结构:achieve ones dream/aim/goal“实现某人的梦想/目标”。 E.g. He has achieved his goals. 2）.come true 是不及物动词词组,后不接宾语。主语为梦想、愿望等。 E.g. I believe his dream will come

13、 true sooner or later. 练一练 A great person once said,“If you can follow your heart and never give up,your dream will . A.come out B.work out C.put off D.come true 5. one of 的用法 (1)one of可数名词复数或人称代词宾格，表示“中的一个”。 E.g. one of us 我们中的一个 one of my friends 我朋友中的一个 (2)one of形容词最高级名词复数 E.g. Betty is one of my

14、 best friends. I think Jackie Chan is one of the most popular actors. (3)当 one of 短语作句子主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 E.g. One of them is my best friend. One of the apples has gone bad. 练一练 1). (2020 聊城）David Smith is a student, and one of his _ (hobby) is writing. 2).（2020 衢州）He was one of the most cheerful_(man

15、) in the world. 3).（2020 自贡）The queen had never eaten pizza before and said it was one of the_（good）things shed ever eaten. 4).（2020 常州） Cooking is one of Davids_(爱好). 6. as 的用法 (1)上句中，as 作连词，意为“正如；如同”。 E.g. As you know, Jane is leaving soon. (2)as 作介词，表示“作为；当作”。 E.g. As a party member, I must be st

16、rict with myself. (3)as 作连词，意为“像；按照”，引导方式状语从句。 E.g. You must do everything as I ask you to. (4)as 作连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 E.g. He came just as I reached the door. (5)as 作连词，意为“因为”，表示原因，引导原因状语从句。 E.g. You must hurry up as there is little time left. 练一练 Chinese will be widely used _ a foreign language

17、around the world. Ain Bfor Cas 7. protect 的用法 短语 意思及用法 例句 protect sb./sth. 保护某人/某物 The law is to protect everyones right. protect sb./sth. from/against 保护某人/某物免遭的侵害或侵犯 (from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物) The trees can protect the city from the sandstorm. 拓展 : prevent sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth., k

18、eep sb. from doing sth.均意为“阻止某人 做某事”。 其中 prevent 和 stop 短语的 from 可以省略，keep 短语中的 from 不可省略。 E.g. The heavy rain kept us from coming on time. protection 不可数名词，意为“保护”。 练一练 1). How bright the sun is! Youd better wear your sunglasses to _ your eyes from it. A. stop B. prevent C. protect 2). (2020 新疆）Why

19、don the doctors stop _ lunch? Because they are busy _ patient. A. to have; to save B. having: saving C. to have; saving D. having; to save 8. belong 的用法 belong to 中的 to 为介词，其后只能跟名词或人称代词的宾格形式， 不能接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。 E.g. The bike belongs to my sister. This classroom belongs to us. 注意： belong to 不能用于被动语态，也

20、不能用于进行时态。 belong to 常与名词性物主代词进行转换。 E.g. These clothes belong to me.These clothes are mine. 练一练 1).（2020 十堰）We are in times of difficulty at present. As long as we pull together, success must belong to _. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 2). Success _ hardworking people in the end. A. agrees to B. talks to

21、 C. belongs to 9. 倍数表达法 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，有以下两个句型 倍数形容词/副词比较级than The hall is four times bigger than my classroom. 倍数as形容词/副词原形as Asia is four times as large as Europe. 用名词表示“量”的倍数时，有以下三个句型 倍数the size (height，length)of The hill is four times the height of that small one. 倍数more名词than There are four time

22、s more books in our library than in yours. 倍数as many/much名词其他as There is three times as much water in this cup as in that one. 练一练 1). Our playground is _ theirs but it wasnt used completely. A. as large as three times B. as three times as C. three times as large as 2). 他书包里的书比你书包里的书多九倍。(根据汉语意思完成句子)

23、 There his bag than in yours. 七、语法复习：七、语法复习：现在完成时 1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响。 也就是说,动作或状态发生在 过去,但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。 E.g. I have already sent the photo.(强调 send 这一动作对现在的影响。) 2.现在完成时可以用来表示在过去某一时刻开始并持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(用 be 动词表示),常与“for+时间段”“since+时间点”或含过去时态的句子连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动 词。 E.g. He has lived h

24、ere since 1978.(动作起始于 1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去) 注意：(1)现在完成时不与 yesterday,last week,two days ago,in 1983,just now,when 等表示具体过去时间 的状语连用。 (2)一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事,而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在产生的影响。 练一练 1). （2020 长春）I _ five books since I joined the book club. A. am reading B. will read C. was reading D. have read 2).（20

25、20 镇江）Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please! What a pity! It is eight oclock now. It_ for a while. A. has been over B. was over C. has finished D. finished 3辨析 have been to, have gone to 和 have been in (1) have been to 意为“曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里了”。表示一种经历，后面可接表示次数的短 语。如：on

26、ce, twice, three times 等，也可以与 just, never, ever 等连用。 E.g. My father has been to Beijing twice. (2) have gone to 意为“到某地去了，尚未回来”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称和第二人 称代词作句子的主语，也不和表示一段时间的状语连用。 E.g. Mr. Wang isnt here. He has gone to Qingdao. (3) have been in 意为“在某地已待了多长时间”，常与一段时间的状语连用。 E.g. I have been in Shanghai f

27、or three years. 练一练 Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. No, it cant be her. She _ to Beijing. Ahas gone Bhas been Cwent Dwill go 八、写作复习：八、写作复习：文学与音乐 写作指导写作指导 文学与音乐这一话题与考生的兴趣爱好紧密相连。 此话题的写作内容主要涉及某个文学作品或某类音 乐的介绍及评价以及它们所带来的影响。写作体裁一般为说明文。考生在写作时,首先要明确自己所 要介绍的内容;然后对所介绍的内容进行合理安排,注意详略得当;最后总结自己的观点。 写

28、作时,注意所 介绍的内容应该积极向上。在遣词造句方面应使用多种句型,使文章内容丰富。 重点词汇重点词汇 relaxed 放松的 tired 疲劳的 encourage 鼓励 introduce 介绍 pop music 流行音乐 rock music 摇滚乐 country music 乡村音乐 calm down (使)平静 play an important part in 在起重要作用 提分句型提分句型 The book was written by. The song/book makes me feel. It reminds us that the best things in l

29、ife are free. Garth is one of the most successful musicians in American history. I hope to see him sing live one day! Reading can make a difference to our life. 优秀范文优秀范文 假如你是李华,是学校英语角的成员。本期英语角的主题是“Music and My Life”。外教要求每位成员 根据以下要点提示,用英语写一篇短文,分享自己对音乐的看法。 要点:1.你喜欢的音乐类型; 2.喜欢这类音乐的原因; 3.谈谈你对音乐的看法。 要求:1

30、.语意通顺,逻辑严密,可适当发挥; 2.词数 80100。 参考词汇:release stress 释放压力 Music and My Life I like music very much. While most young people may like modern music such as rock music and pop music, I like listening to classical music. The reasons why I like listening to classical music are as follows. First, listening t

31、o classical music makes me have a good mood and helps me release stress. Second, listening to classical music before bed helps me have a good nights sleep. Whats more, every time I feel tired or anxious, classical music helps me calm down. Last, I also learn some traditional culture by listening to

32、classical music. Music plays an important part in my life. It makes my life more interesting and relaxing. 针对训练针对训练 本周英语小组讨论的话题是“文学”。有些同学认为学习任务繁重,阅读文学作品浪费了学习的时间, 有些同学则认为阅读文学作品能够提高文化素养,陶冶情操。你对此有何看法?请你就这一话题写一篇 英语短文表达自己的观点。 内容包括:1.表达你的观点并给出原因; 2.介绍文学作品对你的影响。 要求:1.语意通顺,逻辑清晰,可适当发挥; 2.词数 80100。 参考词汇:broad

33、en ones horizons 开阔视野 knowledgeable 博学的 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 答案 一、重点单词 1.平方；正方形 n.square 2.米；公尺 n.meter 3.沙漠 n.desert 4.人口数量 n.population 5.墙 n.wall 6.古老的 adj.ancient 7.保护；防护 v.protect 8.野生的 adj.wild 9.西南的 adj.southwestern 10.力量 n.force 11.挑战；考验 v.successfully;successfully; 4.D 5.hobbies;men;best;hobbies 6

34、.C 7.C 8.AC 9.C;are nine times more books in 七、语法复习 BA 八、写作复习 Nowadays, some students spend little time in reading literature, and they think literature reading is a waste of time. In my opinion, literature is very important for us students due to the following reasons. First, literature reading can

35、 help us know some life experience through the works of some good writers. The more experience we get, the more knowledgeable we are. Second,literature reading can broaden our horizons and help us learn more about culture, history, tradition and so on, which we cant learn in our textbooks. Literature reading has a great effect on my life. It improves my mental health and helps me know more about the world.