2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标八下Units3—4导学案）含答案

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1、8 年级年级(下下) Units 34 导学案导学案 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.垃圾；废弃物(n.)_ 2.折叠；对折(v.)_ 3.地板(n.)_ 4.杂乱；不整洁(n.)_ 5.也不(adv.)两者都不(pron.)_ 6.衬衫(n.)_ 7.给；递；走过；通过(v.)_ 8.借；借用(v.)_ 9.手指(n.)_ 10.讨厌；厌恶(v.)_ 11.当的时候;然而(conj.)_ 12.点心；小吃(n.)_ 13.心理负担(n.)_ 14.提供；供应(v.)_ 15.(美式)橄榄球；足球_ 16.造成；引起(v.)_ 17.邻居(n.)_ 18.错误的(adj.)_ 19.猜测；估计(

2、v.)_ 20.协议；交易(n.)_ 21.关系；联系；交往(n.)_ 22.云；云朵(n.)_ 23.年纪较长的(adj.)_ 24.任何；每一(pron.)_ 25.焦虑的；担忧的(adj.)_ 26.主动提出(v.)_ 27.代替；反而；却(adv.)_ 28.合适的(adj.)_ 29.第二；其次(adv.)_ 30.清楚易懂的(adj.)_ 31.抄袭；复印(v.)_ 32.归还;返回(v.)_ 33.(不)再(adv.)_ 34.成员；分子(n.)_ 35.压力(n.)_ 36.技艺；技巧(n.)_ 37.典型的(adj.)_ 38.持续；继续存在(v.)_ 39.不理智的；疯狂的

3、(adj.)_ 40.鞭策；督促(v.)_ 二、词汇拓展二、词汇拓展 1. sweep(v.)打；打扫_(过去式/过去分词) 2throw(v.)扔；掷_(过去式)_(过去分词) 3lend(v.)借给；借出_(过去式/过去分词) 4waste(n.)浪费；垃圾(v.)浪费；滥用_(adj.)浪费的 _(反义词)(v.)节省；节约 5depend(v.)依靠；依赖_(adj.)依赖的；依靠的 _(n.)依赖；依靠_(adj.)独立的；自主的 6develop(v.)发展；壮大_(adj.)发展中的_(n.)发展；发育；成长 7fair(adj.)公平的；公正的_(adj.)不公平的；不公正的_

4、(n.)公平；公正性 8ill(adj.)有病；不舒服_(n.)病；疾病 9drop(v.)落下；掉下_(过去式/过去分词)_(现在分词) 10wrong(adj.)有毛病的；错误的_(反义词)(adj.)正确的 11communicate(v.)沟通；交流_(n.)交流；沟通 12explain(v.)解释；说明_(n.)解释；说明 13compete(v.)竞争；对抗_(n.)竞争；竞赛 14quick(adj.)快的_(adv.)快地；迅速地 15compare(v.)比较；对比_(n.)对比 16usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的_(adv.)通常地_(adj.)不寻常的；不一般的

5、17argue(v.)争吵；争论_(n.)争吵；争论 三、重点短语三、重点短语 1.倒垃圾 _ 2.频繁；反复 _ 3.一就 _ 4.目的是；为了 _ 5.依靠；信赖 _ 6.照顾；处理 _ 7.快速查看；浏览_ 8.成功地发展；解决 _ 9.和睦相处；关系良好 _ 10.代替_ 11.扔下_ 12.删除；删去_ 13.比较；对比 _ 14.依看 _ 15.没问题 _ 16.惊讶地 _ 17.走过来 _ 18.整理床铺_ 19.和吵架_ 20.了解_ 四、重点句型四、重点句型 1. _ _ _ clean your room？你能打扫你的房间吗？ Sure, Mom.当然可以，妈妈。 2Wel

6、l call you _ _ _ we get there.我们一到达那里就给你打电话。 3I dont like this kind of food.我不喜欢这种食物。 _ _ I我也不喜欢。 4_ _ you talk to your parents？你为什么不和你父母谈谈？ 5My parents dont allow me to _ _ with my friends. 我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。 6 _he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反， 他看他想看的任何节目， 一直到深夜。 7Others are pra

7、cticing sports _ _ they can compete and win. 其他人都在进行体育训练，以便他们能参加竞赛并且获胜。 五、熟词生义五、熟词生义 1. mess (n.)A. 杂乱；不整洁 B. 困境 (v.)C. 使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱 (1)The economy is in a mess. _ (2)Be carefulyoure messing my hair. _ 2. pass (v.)A. 给；递；走过；通过 B. 传球 C. 及格；结束 D. 推移；逝去 (n.)E. 及格；合格；通过 F. 关口 G. 通行证 (1)Exchange your board

8、ing pass at the counter. _ (2)She got a pass in French. _ (3)The people could not find a pass through the tall mountains to the west of the river. _ (4)Fortunately, all the students in our class passed the exam._ (5)As time passed , people began to see the need to protect the Earth and its natural r

9、esources(资源) _ 3. waste (v.)A. 浪费；滥用 (adj.)B. 废弃的，丢弃的，无用的 C. 荒芜的 (n.)D. 垃圾 E. 浪费 F. 废料；废物 (1)Please pick up the waste paper on the floor. _ (2)Nowadays factories try to separate their waste to make it easier to be reused. _ (3)The car was found on a piece of waste ground. _ 4. develop (v.)A. 发展；壮大 B

10、. (使)成长，(使)发展 C. 开发；研制 D. 培养 E. 患病 (1)The study found that young men were more likely to develop depression than young women given the same amount of media use. _ (2)In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. _ (3)The company develops and sells new softwar

11、es. _ (4)Hobbies can develop your interests and help you learn new skills. _ 5. drop (v.)A. 掉下，落下 B. 降低；减少 (n.)C. 滴，水珠 (1)Rain drops fell on the travelers through the open window. _ (2)In the UK, sales of e-books are dropping while sales of paper books are rising. _ 6. clear (adj.)A. 清楚易懂的；明白的 B. 清澈

12、的；晴朗的 C. 显然的 (v.)D. 澄清 E. 移走； 清除； 恢复畅通 F. 天气转晴；变清澈；(烟雾)等消散 (1)And theres probably no better time to clear their names than now during the Year of the Pig. _ (2)The sky cleared after the storm. _ (3)The water was so clear that we could see the bottom of the lake._ (4)She cleared her throat and said,

13、“Good afternoon, I am Emily.”_ (5)It was clear that he was a homeless cat because he looked thin and weak. _ 7. copy (v.)A. 复制；模仿 B. 复印；抄袭 (n.) C. 抄本，副本；复印件 D. 一本(份，册) (1)Please keep copies of your text, pictures or photos. _ (2)More than two million copies have been sold. _ 8. cause (v.)A. 造成；引起 (n

14、.)B. 原因；起因 (1)A cause would always lead to a result. _ (2)The bad weather is causing problems to many farmers._ 六、考点清单六、考点清单 1. neither 的用法 1).neither 作代词时,意为“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,常用于“neither of+名词/ 代词宾格”结构,其中名词之前必须有限定词,如 my,the,any,these 等。 e.g. Neither of my parents enjoys music. 2).neither 作形容词

15、时,意为“( 两者 )都不”,置于可数名词单数之前。 e.g. Neither chair is comfortable. 3).neither 作副词时,意为“也不”,置于句首,句子用倒装语序。neither 也可用 nor 替换。“neither/nor+ 助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语” 表示前面所表述的否定情况也适用于后者; “neither/nor+主语+助动词 /be 动词/情态动词”表示后者赞同前面的否定观点。 e.g. I couldnt do anything for her. Nor you could,but you might have got somebody t

16、o help her. 4).neither 作连词时,可构成 neither.nor.结构,意为“既不也不”,与 both.and.意思相反。当 neither.nor.连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 e.g. Neither he nor I am able to understand the meaning of the words. 练一练 1).（2020 十堰）What would you like, juice or coffee? _. I just want a glass of water. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D.

17、None 2).（2020 绥化） Will you go to the movies tomorrow? If you dont go, _. A. neither do I B. neither wont I C. neither will I 2. while 的用法 1.while 作名词时,意为“一段时间;一会儿”。 e.g. I havent seen him for quite a while. 2.while 作连词: (1)意为“在期间;当的时候”时,引导的从句谓语动词只能是延续性的;而 when 引导的时间状 语从句中既可以用延续性动词表示状态或时间段,也可以用非延续性动词

18、表示动作或时间点。当主从 句动作同时发生,且从句谓语动词是延续性动词时,while,when,as 这三个词可以互换。 e.g. While/When/As I was studying yesterday,it suddenly snowed. (2)意为“与同时”,表示两件事情同时发生。as 也可表示从句动作和主句动作同时发生,表示一件 事情发生时,另一件事也在发生。when 表示从句动作和主句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发 生。 e.g. While I was sleeping,he was writing his paper. (3)意为“而;然而”,表示前后意义上的对比或转折

19、。 e.g. I like English while my brother does not. (4)意为“虽然;尽管”。 e.g. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. (5)意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。 e.g. While there is water,there is hope of life. 练一练 1). （黔东南）-_did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu? -While we _ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A. Wh

20、en; have had B. When; were having C. While; are having D. While; have 2).（2020 长沙） What happened to Mrs Smart? She cut herself while she _ lunch. A. prepares B. is preparing C. was preparing 3. provide 的用法 辨析 provide,offer 和 give (1)provide 主要指提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。接双宾语时多与介词 for 或 with 连用。 e.g. They provi

21、de us with food. (2)offer 指提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物,多含有“主动提供”之意。可接不定式作宾语,接双宾语时 可与介词 to 连用。 e.g. He offered some useful advice to us. (3)give 意为“供给;给出”,多指一般性地给出或因别人需要而给。接双宾语时可与介词 to 连用。 e.g. Can you give a job to me? 练一练 1).In the world,more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water_ about 570 mil

22、lion children. A.with B.for C.towards D.against 2).Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always _guests with better service. A.offer B.give C.present D.provide 4. allow 的用法 allow 为动词,意为“允许;准许;让”,后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。常见用法:allow sb. to do sth.“允 许某人做某事”;allow doing sth.“允

23、许做某事”;be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”。 e.g. If you allow me,I will send you back. His parents allowed him to stay out late. Smoking is not allowed in the hall. 使役动词 let 和 make 也可以表示“让某人做某事”。使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语,但是当变 为被动语态时需要加上不定式符号 to,即 be let to do sth.,be made to do sth.。 e.g. She often makes her child

24、do homework all day. She is made to follow the rules. 练一练 1). The students in this school to choose their own school uniforms( 校服 ). A.are allowed B.allowed C.are allowing D.were allowing 2).Their parents dont allow them in the river because its really dangerous. A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swam 5

25、. compare 的用法 compare 作动词,意为“比较;对比”,常与 with 或 to 连用。compare.with.意为“把和相 比”;compare.to.意为“把比作”。 e.g. My mother always compares me with other kids. People like to compare teachers to candles. 练一练 (2020 鄂尔多斯)与过去的定位系统相比，北斗定位系统更精准更强大。 _ _ the positioning systems in the past, Beidou positioning system is

26、more accurate and powerful. 6. 辨析 so as to, in order to, in order that 与 so that 短语 用法 位置 so as to 后接动词原形作目的状语 不能放句首 in order to 后接动词原形作目的状语 能放句首 in order that 引导目的状语从句 能放句首 so that (1)引导目的状语从句，从句中常有 can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should 等情态动词 (2)引导结果状语从句，上述情态动词很少出现，且前 常有逗号与主句隔开 不能放句首 练

27、一练 1).（2020 海南）President Xi encourages all Chinese people to plant trees_ our country can be greener and more beautiful. A. so that B. as long as C. even though 2). （2020 新疆）A man from the supermarket told Scott they had done so in order to _(protect ) the family. 7. 辨析 instead 与 instead of 辨析 词性 用法

28、 instead 副词 “代替；反而；却”， 作副词， 修饰整个句子，位于句首或句 末 instead of 介词短语 “代替；而不是”， 后面跟名词、代词、名词短语或动名词 e.g. I didnt have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. I decided to learn French instead of Japanese. 练一练 1).(2020 广州）凯特决定去社区工作，而不去度假。 Instead of_ _ _, Kate decided to work in the community. 2). (2020 南通） We cant t

29、hrow used batteries away. _, they should be collected for special treatment 8. 辨析 borrow, lend, keep 与 return 辨析 含义 用法 borrow 借入；借来 borrow sth. from sb. 表示主语向别人借东西 lend 借给；借出 lend sth. to sb.lend sb. sth.表示主语把东西借给别人 keep 保存；借 “keep sth. for一段时间”表示借多长时间 return 归还 return sth. to sb.表示主语给某人还某物，相当于 give

30、 back 练一练 1). （2020 黔东南）Sam _ a computer from me yesterday. A. sold B. borrowed C. lent D. returned 2). How long may I these books? For a week. A.borrow B.buy C.keep D.lend 9. 表示时间、距离等词作主语的用法 I think two hours of TV is enough for you！ two hours 虽然为复数形式，但表示时间、距离、金额、度量等的词语作主语时，通常被视作一个整 体，谓语动词要用单数形式，因此

31、这里用了 is。 e.g. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. Three years is a short time. You have to study hard. 练一练 (2020 呼和浩特) A survey of the opinions of experts_ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for our health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are 10. as soon as 的用法 (1)as s

32、oon as“一就”，引导时间状语从句，相当于“the minute (that).”。若主句用一般 将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. Ill write to you as soon as I get there. (2)as soon as 还有“尽快”的意思，最常用的搭配是 as soon as possible, as soon as you can。 练一练 (2020 桂林)The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” _it was twelve oclock. A. after B. as soon as C. if 11.

33、 辨析 while 与 when (1)while 是连词，意为“在期间；当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。从句谓语动词必须用延 续性动词，且常用进行时态。 e.g. While I was doing my homework, my father came back home from work. (2)when 引导时间状语从句，既可以表示“某一段时间”，也可以表示“某一时刻”，从句中谓语动 词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。 e.g. When I arrived in Beijing, it was raining. Kate read the book when she went

34、 along. (3)当主句和从句都用进行时态时，连词用 while。 e.g. My father is watching TV while I am doing my homework. 练一练 1). (黔东南) -_did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu? -While we _ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A. When; have had B. When; were having C. While; are having D. While; have 2). (2020 嘉兴) While we_(eat)

35、breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things 12. since 的用法 e.g. I have stayed in that country since 1995. They have lived in that house since two years ago. Lily has stayed at home since she left school. I have distrusted her ever since she cheated me. 拓展：since 作连词，还意为“因为；既然；鉴于”，引导原因状语从句，表

36、示对方已知的事实或理 由。 e.g. He didnt come since he was busy. Since this method doesnt work, lets try another. 练一练 1).(2020)金昌) I _ the guitar ever since I was 8 years old. A. played B. have played C. am playing D. will play 2). (2020 长春)I _ five books since I joined the book club. A. am reading B. will read

37、C. was reading D. have read 13. 辨析 continue 与 go on 短语 用法 例句 continue 指原来做一件事， 现在还在做， 或者中断一段时 间，然后又继续做下去，后接名词、代词、动词 不定式或动词ing 形式作宾语 After a short rest，we continued having a meeting. go on 与 continue 相比，更加口语化。后需借助介词再 接名词作宾语。go on with sth.意为“继续某事” I hope it wont go on snowing all day. 练一练 1). Whateve

38、r difficulties I meet, I will _ working hard to realize my dream. A. finish B. continue C. enjoy 2). Although he was very tired, he continued _ in his office. A. to work B. working C. work 七、语法复习：七、语法复习：could 的用法的用法 1.could 引起的一般疑问句表示有礼貌地提出请求。“Could you please do sth.?”意为“请你做某事好 吗?”句中 could 不表示时态,只表

39、示委婉语气。常见答语:Sure./Certainly./Of course./Sorry,I cant.。 e.g. Could you please answer the telephone? Sure./Sorry,I cant.Im too busy now. 2.否定结构为“Could you please not do sth.?”常见答语:Sorry,I wont do that ( any more/again ).。 e.g. Could you please not smoke here? Sorry,I wont do that again. (1)could 作 can

40、的过去式,表示过去的能力时,答语中仍用 could。此外,could 还可表示推测,语气较弱。 e.g. Could you swim when you were seven years old? No,I couldnt. (2)could 表示请求时,只表示一种委婉语气,答语中不能用 could,只能用 can。 e.g. Could I watch TV now,Mom? No,you cant. 练一练 1). (2020 云南)Could you please do the dishes? _. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it

41、wet. A. Yes, sure B. No problem C. Sorry, Im afraid I cant D. That would be fine 2). (2020 北京) you give me a hand? I cant move the box by myself No problem. A.Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 八、写作复习：八、写作复习：家庭生活 写作指导写作指导 家庭是最基本的社会组织之一,家庭生活是中学生生活必不可少的一部分。该话题涉及的写作通常以 记叙文和说明文为主。记叙文常涉及介绍自己的家人、自己与家人之间的故事等。

42、一般可采用三段式 写作:开篇点题;主体部分具体介绍家人或故事内容;结尾描述家人对自己的影响或故事给自己的启发 等。说明文常涉及寻求或提供处理家庭关系的建议、介绍自己家的家务分配、谈谈自己如何感谢家人 等。写作时须注意条理清晰。 重点词汇重点词汇 1.家务活动:take out the rubbish, fold ones clothes,clean the floor, sweep the floor, do the dishes, do chores/housework, provide sth.for sb 2.情感体验:love/like,hate/dislike,stress/pressure,fair. 3.启示影响:depend on, develop ones independence, understand each other, get on well with, communicate with, take care of, share