2021年中考英语一轮复习知识梳理（人教新目标八上Units5—6导学案）含答案

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1、8 年级年级(上上) Units 56 导学案导学案 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1.新闻 n. _ 2.介意 v._ 3.打算；计划 v. 出现”, 尤指意外发生。主语通常是物。 e.g. You will never guess what has happened. 2.happen 还有“碰巧;恰好”之意。 e.g. She happened to be out when we called her. 3.happen 的常见用法:sb.happen to do sth.“某人碰巧做事”;sth.happen to sb.“某人发生了某事”。 e.g. We happened to mee

2、t in the street. What happened to you on April Fools Day? 辨析 happen 和 take place happen 意为“( 碰巧 )发生”,指事情的发生具有一定的偶然性。 e.g. On my way home,a car accident happened. take place 意为“发生;举行”,指事先计划好的事情按照预定的方向发生。 e.g. The concert will take place tomorrow. 注意: happen 和 take place 都不能用于被动语态。 练一练 After we had th

3、e history class,I knew that in 1919,the May 4th Movement in China. A.took place B.held C.happened D.took after 2. hope,wish 和 expect 的用法 1).hope 表示主观上希望,可以接从句或不定式作宾语,但不能接不定式作宾补。 e.g. I hope that he will arrive in time. 2).wish 往往表示客观上不太可能实现的目标,也可以表示祝愿,可接从句或不定式作宾语,也可接双宾 语。常见用法:wish sb.to do sth.“希望某人

4、做某事”。 e.g. I wish you to be happy. 3).expect 表示 “期待;期望” ,侧重于相信有可能实现的愿望,可接名词、 不定式以及不定式的复合结构。 e.g. I expect you to give me a hand. 4).hope 后不能直接接名词作宾语,可接“for+名词”,表示可实现的希望。wish 也可接“for+名词”,但 表示很难实现的愿望。 e.g. We are hoping for good weather on Sunday. She shut her eyes to wish for a million dollars in her

5、 bag. 练一练 用 hope, wish 或 expect 的适当形式填空 1). Did you watch the football game yesterday? Yes,I did.John is really a dark horse. Nobody _ him to go so far. 2). I always _ I could fly like a bird. 3. so 的用法 1.so 作副词时,表示程度,意为“这么;那么”。so 可以修饰形容词,也可以修饰副词。当名词前面有 many,much,few 和 little 的时候只能用 so 修饰。 e.g. Dont

6、 look so angry. The meeting room will hold only so many people. 2.so 还可以用作连词,连接表示因果关系的并列句。 e.g. It was snowing,so I could not go out. 3.so.that.引导结果状语从句;so that 可以引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 e.g. She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. He wore a mask so that no one could recognize him. 4. not so.as

7、意为“不像那样;不如那样”。 e.g. Im not so stupid as to believe that. 5.so 还可以用于“so+主语+助动词/be 动词/情态动词”句型中,表示“的确如此”;用于“so+助动 词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”句型中,表示前面说的情况也适用于后者。 e.g. He won a big prize in the writing competition. So he did. If he goes to the cinema tomorrow, so will I. 辨析 so 和 such so 为副词,意为“这么;那么”,通常修饰形容词和副词;suc

8、h 可用作形容词,意为“这样的;那样的”,修饰 名词( 可数、不可数均可 )。 e.g. Its such a beautiful day!=Its so beautiful a day! 练一练 1).(2020 海南）President Xi encourages all Chinese people to plant trees_ our country can be greener and more beautiful. A. so that B. as long as C. even though 2). （2020 东营） Many students hated to have c

9、lasses on DingTalk, _ they gave it one-star reviews （评价）. A. so B. or C. but D. while 4. 辨析 be able to 和 can (1)be able to 表示“能够做某事”,侧重通过努力而获得的能力;can 也可以表示“能够做某事”,泛指一 般的能力。此外,can 还可以表示请求、允许、推测等意思。 e.g. He was able to speak five kinds of foreign languages. Can I use your bike? (2)can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,

10、但 be able to 可以用于多种时态。 e.g. John has been able to skate for many years. He could swim when he was five years old. 练一练 1). (2020 镇江）I am proud that our Chinese survey team_successfully remeasure Qomolangma(再测珠穆朗玛峰), the worlds highest peak. A. must B. can C. may D. should 2). Will Jim go to the movie

11、s with us tonight? Maybe. A.can B.should C.must D.be able to 5mind v介意；对(某事)烦恼 (1)用作动词，表示“介意；在乎”等，其后接动词时要用ing 形式。 e.g. Im sure he wouldnt mind your going with us. (2)用作名词，表示“脑子；心思；想法”等，通常用作名词。 e.g. I dont change my mind. (3)Would you mind.? 意为“做你介意吗？”相当于 Do you mind.？回答该句型时，如果要拒绝 对方的提议时，往往用 Im sorry

12、.或 Im afraid youd better not.等表示委婉的拒绝；如果接受对 方的提议，往往用 No, certainly not. / No, not at all. / Of course not. e.g. Would you mind my smoking here？ No, not at all. 练一练 1). (2020 甘肃）Do you mind me_(open)the window? 2). Mrs. Miller always minds _ the terrible smoke. Asmells Bsmell Csmelling Dto smell 6exp

13、ect v预料；期待 (1)expect sth.预料某事，期望某事 e.g. I expect a hot summer this year. (2)expect sb.to do sth. 预料某人会做某事、期望某人会做某事 e.g. What do you expect me to say? (3)expect to do sth. 想要做某事，打算做某事 e.g. I expect to be back on Sunday. (4)expect that 从句 预料 e.g. I expect that well succeed this time. 练一练 1). Linda is

14、busy working every day. She expects _ some time to relax on weekends. Ahad Bhaving Cto have 2)Has John done the dishes yet? You cannot _ him to do such a thing. Awant Bexpect Chope 7promise n诺言；承诺 v.许诺；承诺 (1)promise 作名词，意思是“诺言、答应”，常与动词 make，keep 等词连用。 e.g. If you make a promise you should keep it, a

15、nd you ought not to break it. (2)promise 作及物动词的用法有： promise sb.sth.答应给某人某物 e.g. His parents promised him a toy car as his birthday present. promise to do sth. 答应做某事 e.g. He has promised to help me with my English. promise (sb.)that 从句 答应 e.g. He promises me that he wont smoke again. 练一练 1).（2020 自贡）

16、Today, pizza is still popular with people around the world. In 1973, US Dominos Pizza company promised _（take）pizzas to customers in 30 minutes or less. 2).（2020 衢州）I promise_（keep） the secret. 8agree v同意，赞成 (1)agree 用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成”,一般不用于进行时态 e.g. He agreed never to smoke. (2)agree on/about 意为“就达成

17、一致意见”。 e.g. We agreed about that. (3)agree with 意为“同意某人的意见”，后接表示人或意见的单词。 e.g. I agree with you. (4)agree to 意为“同意”，后接表示提议、办法、计划、安排等方面的单词。 e.g. I agree to his plan. (5)agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。 e.g. We agree to go home. 练一练 At last, they all agreed _ me _ a trip to the village. Awith; to have Bto; t

18、o have Cwith; having Dto; having 9. take up 的用法 (1)take up 意为“(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做”。 e.g. I took up some Spanish when I lived there. (2)take up 还有“占据；占用”的意思。 e.g. The table takes up too much room. 练一练 1). James is taking the old boxes away because they _ too much room. Apick up Btake up Cput up 2). What i

19、s your sister? She has _ a job as a teacher. Ataken up Btaken down Ctaken in 10. 辨析 famous 短语 练一练 1). Stephen Hawking was famous _ a scientist. He made a great contribution to the world. Afor Bin Cas 2). Heze _ the peony(牡丹) So it is. Thats why more and more visitors spend their holidays here in spr

20、ing. Ais weak in Bis famous for Cis famous as 七、语法复习七、语法复习：be going to do sth 1.be going to do sth.意为“计划/打算/准备做某事”,必须与表示将来的时间状语( 如 this afternoon,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next day 等 )连用。具体用法如下: (1)表示事先经过考虑、安排的近期要做的事情。 e.g. They are going to swim this weekend. (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。 e.g. Wh

21、at bad weather!It is going to snow tomorrow. 2. be going to 的否定句式和一般疑问句式: 句式 结构 例句 否定句 主语+be not going to. Peter is not going to make a model ship. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+going to.? Are you going to mend his chair soon? Yes, I am./No, Im not. 3. there be 句型一般将来时态结构为there will be there is/are going to be 练一练 1)

22、.（2020 云南）There _ a basketball game next Monday. If it _ , well have to put it off. A. is going to have; will rain B. is going to have; rains 辨析 含义 用法 be famous for 因而闻名 后接闻名的原因，与 be known for 同义 be famous as 作为而闻名 后接表示职业、身份或地位等的词，与 be known as 同义 be famous to 为所熟知 后接人 C. is going to be; rains D. is

23、 going to be; will rain 2).（2020 新疆）Our school is going to_(修建) a new library next month. 八、写作复习八、写作复习：目标与计划目标与计划 写作指导写作指导 目标与计划这一话题与考生生活息息相关,通常涉及谈论将来的打算、梦想等。考生在写此类作文时, 可采用 be going to 结构来谈论自己的计划、决心和目标。此类话题作文一般以说明文为主。写作时, 考生可先点明自己的目标,然后根据目标,写出实现目标的措施和方法,这部分是文章的中心内容,需要 详写,最后,可用表决心的句子作为文章结尾,使文章首尾呼应,内容

24、完整。 重点词汇重点词汇 计划：plan, want to do sth., be going to do sth., at the beginning of the term, next year, want to be a teacher, get more exercise, learn to play the guitar, make a weekly plan 希望：hope, get good grades, study hard, talk to, make friends with, learn a foreign language 承诺：promise, resolution

25、, write down ones resolutions, keep, forget, remember, physical health, improve ones life 提分句型提分句型 A goal without a plan is just a wish. If you want to have a happy life, tie it to a goal,not to people or things. Im going to work harder at schoolwork to get better grades in the new year. Youre never

26、 too old to set another goal or to pursue a new dream. Set your goals high,and dont stop till you get there. 优秀范文优秀范文 学期之初，制订切实可行的计划是非常重要的。请根据以下要点写一篇短文，介绍 Mary 的新学 期计划。内容提示： 1坚持写日记； 2每周末爬山； 3每天课外活动打羽毛球； 4每个月给笔友写一封电子邮件； 5提高数学和历史成绩。 要求： 1语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实； 2字数：不少于 100 词。 Mary has a plan for the new term.

27、 She is going to keep a diary. She wants to write the things down every day. She also wants to climb the mountain every weekend. She plans to play badminton after class in the afternoon. She thinks taking exercise is good for her after studying hard for a whole day. She hopes to write an email to he

28、r pen pal each month. She plans to work hard to improve her math and history. Mary has many things to do in the new term. If she keeps doing it, it will be a great plan. 针对训练针对训练 近年来，越来越多的外籍人士融入到菏泽社区生活。假设你的小区也居住着这样一个群体，社区 委员会为丰富他们的生活，计划在下周六专门为外籍人士安排一次采摘荔枝活动，请你帮忙用英文写 一份书面通知，传达给他们。 内容提示： 1下周六上午 8：00 在

29、北门集合，乘大巴去“幸福农场”采摘荔枝，下午 4：30 返回； 2享受乡村自然美景，感受干农活的乐趣； 3请在下周四下午 6：00 前去办公室报名； 4你可以带上；另外 要求： 1语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实； 2字数：不少于 100 词；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 可能用到的词汇：荔枝 lychee；报名 sign ones name；幸福农场 Happy Farm NOTICE June 25 In order to enrich the life of the residents(居民), the Community Union is going to organize a spe

30、cial activity next Saturday. _ _ _ _ _ _ Wish you a wonderful time! The Community Union 答案答案 一、一、重点单词重点单词 1.新闻 n.news 2.介意 v.mind 3.打算；计划 v. wish 3.AA 4. BD 5.opening;C 6.CB 7. to take; to keep 8.A 9.BA 10.CB 七、语法复习 C; build 八、写作复习 We have organized a bus trip to Happy Farm for foreigners, where we

31、plan to pick lychees. We will gather at the North Gate at 8：00 am.and return at 4：30 pm. next Saturday. During the trip, we can appreciate natural scenery in the countryside and have fun in farming work. Of course, you can take an umbrella so as not to get sunburnt. Besides, your safety should be taken into consideration. Sign your name in our office before 6：00 pm. next Thursday if you are interested.