人教课标版高中英语选修8Unit4Grammar(共44张PPT)

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1、8Unit4Gramma The past participle as the Attribute Predicative and the object complement. 过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。 作用与用法：作用与用法： 过去分词过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作表示完成和被动的动作)具有具有 形容词、副词的作用形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定在句中可以用作定 语、表语、宾语补足语和状语语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单但不能单 独构成谓语。独构成谓语。 定语定语 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所表示分词动作与所 修饰的名

2、词之间存在被动关系。单一修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一 的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 名词之前名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被过去分词短语作定语放在被 修饰之后修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作过去分词及过去分词短语作 定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。 如如: The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。 The books bought yesterday (which we

3、re bought yesterday ) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错。昨天买的书确实很不错。 表语表语 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态表示主语的状态, 且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。 这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。是形容词化的过去分词。 如如: Im interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。 宾语补足语宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词一

4、般是及物作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物 动词动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以 带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等等 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 We found her greatly changed. 我们发现她变了很多。我们发现她变了很多。 B. make, get, have, help, leave 等表示等表示“致致 使使”意义的动词意义的动词 What made them so frightened? C. li

5、ke, want, wish, order 等表示等表示“希望、希望、 要求要求”等意义的动词等意义的动词 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别: : 定语中定语中 现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在 进行”进行”, ,此时或当时的状态等此时或当时的状态等; ;过去分词过去分词 则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作 前”等前”等; ;被修饰的名词一般是现在分

6、词被修饰的名词一般是现在分词 的逻辑主语的逻辑主语, ,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。是过去分词的逻辑宾语。 如如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人。我认识站在那儿的那个人。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？今晚有什么活动吗？ 表语表语 现在分词作表语现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义具有主动的含义,意意 味着“起这种作用”味着“起这种作用”;而过去分词作表而过去分词作表 语具有被动含义语具有被动含义, 意味着“受这种影意味着“受这种影 响”。响”。 如如: The work was ti

7、ring. 这项工作挺累人的。这项工作挺累人的。 The worker were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了。工人们很快就感到累了。 注意注意: 作表语的过去分词表示状态作表语的过去分词表示状态, 构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作: The book is well written. (表语表语) The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态被动语态) 宾语补足语宾语补足语 现在分词作补足语现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或被补足的宾语或 主语是它的逻辑主语主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系即主动关系);过去过去 分词

8、作补足语分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是被补足的宾语或主语是 它的逻辑宾语它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系即被动关系)。 如如: I heard someone calling me. I heard my name called. 我听见有人喊我。我听见有人喊我。 1. _ (污染的污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health. 2. The problem _ (在会议上讨论的在会议上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve. Polluted discussed at the meeting 完成句子

9、。完成句子。 3. He became _ (兴奋兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. 4. I am _ (感兴趣感兴趣) in the story. 5. I havent got the film _ (冲冲 洗洗)yet. 6. Do you know the man _ (站站) beside the door? excited interested developed standing 单句改错单句改错 7. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. bre

10、aking改为改为broken 8. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. holds改为改为held 9. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. seating改为改为seated 10. When they woke up , they found the world outside completely changing. changing改为改为changed 11. After his journey from abroad, Richa

11、rd Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 单项填空单项填空 12. You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 13. He tried to _ in Japanese. A. understand hims

12、elf B. make himself understanding C. make himself understood D. make to understand 14. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving ; made C. to solve; making D. to so

13、lve; made 15. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 16. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting 17. _ in the mountain

14、s for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 18. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 19. The disc digitally _in the studio, sounded f

15、antastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 20. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt (3) 过去分词短语作状语过去分词短语作状语 过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、 原因、条件、让步

16、、伴随等意义。这种原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种 过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、 原因、条件、让步等状语从句原因、条件、让步等状语从句, 若过去分若过去分 词作状语词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动句子的主语与分词所表示的动 作构成动宾关系作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受即是该分词动作的承受 者。者。 1. 过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语 Greatly moved by the film, they all cried. 他们看了那部电影深受感动他们看了那部电影深受感动, 都哭了。都哭了。 Surrounded by a group

17、 of young people, the old man felt happy. 身边围着一群年轻人身边围着一群年轻人, 老人感到很高兴。老人感到很高兴。 2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语, 表示伴随情况或方式。表示伴随情况或方式。 The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。 He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。 Filled with extr

18、aordinary strength, he raised himself. 他使出全身的力气站了起来。他使出全身的力气站了起来。 3.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语, 还可以表示还可以表示: Given much time, we could do it better.（条件）（条件） 多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。 When heated, ice can be changed into water.（时间）（时间） 冰加热时变成水。冰加热时变成水。 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的 区别在于区别在于: 过去分词与句子主语构成

19、过去分词与句子主语构成 动宾关系动宾关系, 而现在分词与句子主语构而现在分词与句子主语构 成主谓关系。成主谓关系。 Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 提示提示: 1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Havi

20、ng lost C. Lost D. To lose 配套练习配套练习 动词动词-ing或过去分词作状语或过去分词作状语, 其逻辑其逻辑 主语应是主句主语。主语应是主句主语。 2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was foun

21、ded C. Founded D. Founding 析析: 正确答案为正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的年被建的, 所以该空应填过去分词所以该空应填过去分词 Founded 作状语。作状语。 4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.

22、 A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 8. When _,

23、 the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 析：正确答案为析：正确答案为 A 项。博物馆是被完项。博物馆是被完 工的工的, 所以该空应填过去分词所以该空应填过去分词 completed 作状语。作状语。 9. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C.

24、 beginning D. begun 析：正确答案为析：正确答案为 D 项。分析语境逻辑可项。分析语境逻辑可 知，该空含义为“知，该空含义为“(这研究这研究)一旦被开始”，一旦被开始”， 因此应填过去分词因此应填过去分词 begun作状语。作状语。 10. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 析析: 正确答案为正确答案为 A 项。语境告诉我们项。语境告诉我们 “树是被给予关心的”“树是被给予关心的”, 因此该空应填因此该空应填 过去

25、分词过去分词 given作状语。作状语。 11._for his expert advice, Holmes was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. A. He was known B. Well known C. Having known D. Been known 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The teach buildings _ (build) in 1960 need repairing. 2. I found my school bag _ (leave) in Marys room. built left 3._ (give) more time, Ill finish my work on time. 4. Compared with _ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go. 5. The English teacher entered the room, _ (follow) by his students. Given developed followed