2021届高考英语重点词汇详细解析

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1、高中英语词汇详细解析 1. 1. argue v. v. 的用法的用法 构词：argument n. 1. C争论 2. U讨论辩论 3. C论据 搭配： argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事 argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成反对某事 argue that. 主张，认为，争辩说 argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做不做某事 友情提示：“说服某人做不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of

2、doing sth. settle the argument 解决争端 友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执 【考例】What laughing _ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments 考查目标 argue 名词形式的词义。 答案与解析 D argument 的词义是“争辩

3、，辩论”。 2. 2. compare v. v. 的用法的用法 构词：comparison n. 比较 搭配： compare.to. 比拟；比作 compare. with / to. 将和相比 较 compare notes 对笔记；交换意见 【考例】 _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 考查目标 compare 的用法。 答案与解析 D 本句 co

4、mpare 用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。 3. 3. consider v. v. 的用法的用法 构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及 搭配： consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 consider sb (to be / as). 认为觉 得某人 consider that- clause 认为 take sth into consideration 考虑 under consideration 在考虑中 【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A.

5、to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 考查目标 consider 的几种常见用法。 答案与解析 C consider 本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的 事情用不定式的完成形式。 4 4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的 (1) 空无一人的 a deserted street / area 空无一人的街道，地区； The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。 (2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子

6、(3) desert dezot n. 沙漠 desert dIzo:t vt. 丢弃；遗弃 He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich. 5 5. difficulty n. (1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题 She met with many difficulties when travelling. (2) 在以下句型中，difficulty 是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。 have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难 there is (some)

7、 difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with sth. 在某事上有困难 there is (some) difficulty with sth. do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地轻而易举地做某事 We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house. Do you have any difficulty with your English? 【注意】 (1) 以上句型中，difficulty 前可加 some, littl

8、e, much, a lot of, no, any 修饰 (2) 以上句型中，亦可用 trouble 来代替 difficulty。 6 6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物 (1) adj. 最喜爱的 My favorite sport is playing football. (2) n. C 最喜爱的人或事物 He is a favorite with his uncle. 7. 7. fun 的用法的用法 构词：funny adj. 有趣的滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的 搭配： make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑 (j

9、ust)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说做着玩的 be full of fun 很好玩 have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑 have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心 Its (great) fun to do sth 干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀! have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心 【考例】This is not a match. Were playing c

10、hess just for _. A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game 考查目标 fun 构成的短语 for fun 的意思。 答案与解析C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说做着玩的”。 8. 8. imagine 的用法的用法 构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富 有想像力的 搭配： imagine sth / doing sth beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地 【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across

11、 the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 考查目标 imagine 的基本用法。 答案与解析 C imagine 后接动词的-ing 形式，本句的 Peter 是这个动名词的逻辑主语。 9. 9. interest 的用法的用法 interest vt. 使感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 U 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interes

12、t 共同 的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣 构词： interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的 搭配： interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 be interested in 对感兴趣(关心) have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在中有股 份、权益等 hold ones interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 in the interest(s) of 为利益；为起见；对有利 lose interest i

13、n 对不再感兴趣 show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对表示关心(有兴趣) have / take / feel no interest in 对不 (不太) 感兴趣 with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养有兴趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣 有时 interest 可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in sci

14、ence. 另外：interest 作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis. 【考例】_, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. A. Interested B. Anxiously C. Seriously D. Encouraged 考查目标 interest 派生词的词义和用法。 答案与解析 A interested

15、指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。 10. 10. prove 的用法的用法 构词： proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样 搭配： prove sth to sb 向某人证实 prove to sb that 从句向某人证实 prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出 【考例】It was in the neighboring country United States that such resistance to spray was first _. A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed 考查目标 考查 pro

16、ve 的意思。 答案与解析 A 本题 was proved 的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。 11. 11. provide 的用法的用法 构词： provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 provided / providing conj. 倘若 搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给提供；以装备 【考例】His son _ the old man with all the food and the money he needed. A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred 考查目标考查 provide 的词

17、义。 答案与解析A provide 与 with 搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。 12. 12. share 的用法的用法 搭配： share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 share sth (out) between / among. 将某物分配、分给 share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 share ones opinion 同意某人的意见 【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _

18、. A. support B. care C. spare D. share 考查目标 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。 答案与解析 D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时 间)，匀出某物；share 分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让 Clare 学会与 人共享把玩具(拿出来)和 Harry 一起玩，share 在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信 息 play with your toys as well。故 D 为最佳答案。 13. 13. solve 的用法的用法 构词：solution n. 1. C (问题的)

19、解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. U 解答，解决 3. U 溶解 搭配：the solution to 解决的办法 【考例 3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution _ the problem. A. with B. into C. for D. to 考查目标 solve 名词 solution 的相关搭配。 答案与解析 D “对于的解决办法”，介词用 to。 1414. total n. / adj. 全部(的) (1) in total 加起来 In total, there must have been 20000 peo

20、ple there. (2) a total of 总共 His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100. (3) the total of.的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars. 1515. when conj. when 并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中： (1) be doing.when.正在做突然I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailors shop. (2) had done

21、.when.刚做了突然I had just sat down when the light went out. (3) be about to do.when.刚要做突然I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me. 1616. while conj. (1) while 从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动 作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea. (2) 并列连词， 表前后两个

22、分句意义相反或相对， 意为“然而”。 Some people waste food while others havent enough. (3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于 although。While we dont agree, we continue to be friendly. 1 17 7. . advance 的用法的用法 构词：advanced adj. 高等的先进的，高深的 搭配： in advance 在前头，预先，事先 in advance of 在前面；比进步；超过 on the advance (物价)在上涨 【考例】It is said that Mis

23、s White had some difficulty in studying the _ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased 考查目标 本题考查形容词 advanced 与近义词的区别。 答案与解析C “高等数学”的英译是 advanced maths，advanced 意思是“先进的。高级的”。 1818. before 的特殊用法的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three we

24、eks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉 已过三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 1919. . chance 的用法的用法 搭配： by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 by chance 偶然，意外地 take a / ones chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会 【考例 6】 Most of the _are

25、 in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services 考查目标 chance 的词义。 答案与解析 C chance 在本句的词义是“机会”。 2020. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) c

26、onsider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了 consideras表认为外，还有 regardas ，look onas，takeas，think ofas 2121. . cost 的用法的用法 构词：co

27、stly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 搭配： cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)牺牲 at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何 at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 at the cost of 以为代价，用换来的；丧失；牺牲 【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would _ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste 考查目标 本题考查 cost 和它的几个近义词的区别。 答案与解析 C cost 的意思是“

28、耗费”，主语是指物的名词而 pay 和 spend 等的主语是指人 的名词。 2222. effect n. 效果；作用效果；作用 have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行 比较比较 affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 2323. . experience 的用法的用法 构词: exper

29、ienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 搭配: by experience 凭经验；从经验中 from experience 凭经验；从经验中 gain experience in 获得经验 be experienced in 某方面有经验 友情提示友情提示: experience 这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释 为“经验”。 【考例】 _teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D.

30、Parents 考查目标 experience 的意思。 答案与解析 C experience 常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 2424. fear n. divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。 separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。 例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。 part 指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。 【考例】As we joined the big crowd

31、I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 考查目标 动词 separate 的词义。 答案与解析 A separated 和 get 搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。 32. afford (1) (和 can，could，be able to 连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do We cant afford to pay such a price. afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等) They dont consider whether the

32、y can afford it or not. (2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do) He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely. 3333. . apologize 的用法的用法 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉 搭配： apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology 的 sb for (doing) sth 向某人为某事(为做了 某事)道歉 apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护 【考例】The captain _ an apology

33、to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather. A. made B. said C. put D. passed 考查目标 apologize 及其名词的用法和搭配。 答案与解析A make an apology 的意思是“道歉”。 3 34 4. . choice 的用法的用法 搭配： make a choice 选择 make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 make / take ones choice 任意挑选 have no choice but to do sth 非不可，除之外别无他法 【考例】Weve miss

34、ed the last bus, Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 考查目标 choice 的意思和习惯搭配。 答案与解析B choice 是 choose 的名词形式 意思是“选择”， 在本句中构成固定搭配 have no choice but to do sth“不得不干”。 3535. . determine 的用法的用法 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 搭配： determine to do sth 决定做某

35、事 determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 a man of determination 有决断力的人 辨析： decide； determine 这两个词都有“决定”的意思。 decide 的含义是“不再迟疑不定”， 而 determine 含义是“把某件事确定下来”。 在 be determined to do这个固定的结构中。 过去分词 determined 的词义为“下定了决心”。 decide 的名词为 decision， determine 的名词为 determination。 例如： At first， she decided to go to t

36、he police，起初，她决定去找警察 友情提示: decide 后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含 义常常是困难的。 注：在 determine to do.，determine on (upon). 和 determine that.。(宾语从句) 三

37、个搭配中，determine 的词义和 decide 几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。 注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事 What decided you to give up your job? 什 么因素使你决定放弃你的工作? 【考例】Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must _ the parts that are wrong. A. ch

38、eck B. determine C. correct D. recover 考查目标determine 的用法。 答案与解析B determine 和 decide 在一般情况下意思相同。 3636. . encourage 的用法的用法 构词： encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓励，激励 discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻 搭配： encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 be encouraged by 受鼓励鼓 舞 【考例】

39、My advisor encouraged _a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 考查目标 encourage 的用法。 答案与解析D encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个 夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。 3737. escape ( (vi, vt ) ) escaped, escaping (1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run awa

40、y from The soldier escaped from the enemys prison. (2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing He narrowly escaped death / being killed. Theres no way to escape doing the work. escape 还可表示： （液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出 Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。 避免 escaped death 免于一死 There is no e

41、scaping him. 怎么也避不开他。 疏忽， 忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teachers attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。 escape n 逃走 The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。 （气体）漏出，泄出；解闷 She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。 3838. . hunt 的用法的用法 构词：hunter n. 猎人，

42、搜寻者 搭配： hunt for / after 追猎；寻找，搜寻 hunt out 找出；调查出 【考例】He wandered in the street, _ a new jacket for his nephew. A. hunting for B. waiting for C. shooting for D. aiming for 考查目标本题考查 hunt for 的意思。 答案与解析A hunt for 原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。 3939. impression n. 印象印象 (1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象 His speec

43、h made a strong impression on his audience. (2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法 Thats my first impression of the new college. (3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impressed his students with th

44、e importance of speaking. 4040. . interrupt 的用法的用法 vt,vt, vivi 阻断；中断 Dont interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Dont interrupt,” he said. “别插话, ”他说。 构词： interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者 interruption n. 打岔打断，使中断的事物 【考例】

45、Be quiet! Its rude to _ people when they are talking. A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt 考查目标 interrupt 的词义。 答案与解析D interrupt 的意思是“打断；使中断”后接指人或指物的各种名词。 4141. marry (1) vi. 结婚 He didnt marry until he was fifty. (2) vt. 和结婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert. (3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daug

46、hter to a businessman. (4) vt. (教士等) 为主持结婚仪式 Weve come to ask if you will marry them. 比较 (1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作 His oldest girl got married last month. (2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态 How long have you been married? 4242. . moment 的用法的用法 n.n. 片刻； 瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。 At the mo

47、ment I am working. 此刻 我正在工作。 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。 重要性 a matter of great moment 一件极重要的事情 搭配： at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上 at the last moment 在最后关头 at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时 every moment 时时刻刻 for a moment 片刻 in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上 the moment(that). 一就 【考例】Can I? I dont

48、think I can, Racy said with a laugh. But I do have _ when things come to me for no reason. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments 考查目标 moment 的词义。 答案与解析 D moment 可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。 4343. . owe 的用法的用法 owed,owed, owing owing 搭配： （常与 for 连用）欠，欠债 I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是 owe sth.或 owe sb. sth) The food cost 4 , but I only paid 3 so I still owe 1. 食品要 4 英镑，可我只 付了 3 英镑，因此我还欠 1 英镑。 I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。 owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth