2021年小升初英语语法专项培优突破 第13章：被动语态（3）被动语态的几种类型

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1、3被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型 有两个宾语的句子通常可以分别将宾语当作主语，造成两种被动语态。而有 宾语和宾语补足语的句子，则只能造一个被动语态。 1) 由及物动词形成的被动语态由及物动词形成的被动语态 He was told the interesting story by me. The interesting story was told to him by me. 我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。 1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态有一个宾语的句子的被动语态 详见详见2.主动语态变为被动语态的例句。主动语态变为被动语态的例句。 2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态有两个宾语的句子的被动语态

2、give，teach之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语，也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句 子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。 Tom gave me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。 I was given a present by Tom.(以人“I”做主语) A present was given(to)me by Tom. (以物“present”为主语) He teaches us English.他教我们英语。 We are taught English by him.(以人当主语) English is taught us by him.(以物当主语) He

3、bought me a book.他给我买了一本书。 I was bought a book(by him). (以人当主语；此句语法上正确，但实际应用时很别扭，所以一般不用) A book was bought for me(by him). (以物当主语) 3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 call，make 之之类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语的位置类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语的位置 不变。不变。 They call him Bob. 他们叫他鲍勃。他们叫他鲍勃。 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 He is

4、called Bob (by them). 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 (Bob 位置不变位置不变) The landlord made him work. 地主迫使他干活。地主迫使他干活。 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 He was made to work (by the landlord). 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾补宾补 注意注意 所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，甚至包括感官动词所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，甚至包括感官动词 feel，see，hear，watch， look at，listen to 和使役动词和使役动词 let，make，have 和动词和动词 help 在

5、变为被动语态时，在变为被动语态时， 一律加一律加 to。 2) 由不及物动词由不及物动词+介词或副词形成的被动语态介词或副词形成的被动语态 Many trees are cut down by workers. 许多树木被工人砍倒。 不及物动词不能跟宾语，当然就没有被动语态了，但有的不及物动词，后面 跟上一个介词或副词后(即形成所谓的动词短语)，其作用和一个及物动词一样， 这样，在变成被动语态时，千万不要把介词或副词去掉。 She looks after them. 她照顾他们。 ()They are looked after by her. ( )They are looked by her

6、. We laughed at him. 我们笑话他。 He was laughed at(by us). 必背！必背！ 动词短语的被动语态 take care of 照看 be taken care of cut down 砍倒 be cut down laugh at 嘲笑 be laughed at look after 照料 be looked after 必背！必背！ 被动语态的动词短语被动语态的动词短语 以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加“by”。 be covered with 用覆盖着 be surprised at 对感到惊奇 be known to 出名 be i

7、nterested in 对感兴趣 be made of(from) 用制造的 3) 由情态动词形成的被动语态由情态动词形成的被动语态 The person must be taken care of by his son. 这个人一定要由他儿子照顾。 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上 be 动词即可，其句 型如下： 肯定句：主语+情态动词(can，may，must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词. 否定句：主语+情态动词+not +be +过去分词. 疑问句：情态动词(Can，May，Must)+主语+be +过去分词？ 注意注意 be going to +动词原形句型变

8、为被动语态时，我们把 be going to 看成一个词， 就如同情态动词 can 一样， 因此它的被动语态应该是 be going to be +过去分词 。 He is going to make it. It is going to be made(by him). We can change water into ice. 我们可以把水变成冰。 Water can be changed into ice. 水可以被变成冰。 You must not take out any books. 你不可以拿走任何一本书。 Any books mustnt be taken out by you

9、. Can you use it？你会使用它吗？ Can it be used？ 被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型 练习题练习题 变换句型 1Many people visited Nara. Nara _ _ by many people. 2Miss Ding teaches us English. English _ _ by Miss Ding. 3We call her Grace. She _ _ Grace. 4When did they make these cars ? When _ these cars made ? 5My uncle gave me some Eng

10、lish books. Some English books _ to me by my uncle. I _ some English books by my uncle. 6People called him clever Hans. He _ _ _ _ . 71 was encouraged by my parents. My parents _ _. 8Who will look after the children? _ _ _the children _ _ _ ? 9My father has written to my brother. My brother _ _ _ _ _ my father. 【答案】 1was visited 2is taught 3is called 4were 5were given; was given 6was called “clever” Hans 7encouraged me 8By whom will be looked after 9has been written to by