2021年小升初英语语法专项培优突破 第13章：被动语态（1）被动语态的构成

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1、1被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 被动语态的句子是以be 动词+过去分词的形式来表达，如果要特别强调 动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接 by，译为“被(由)”。 1) 被动语态的句型被动语态的句型 肯定句：主语+be +过去分词+(by). 否定句：主语+be not +过去分词+(by). 一般疑问句：Be +主语+过去分词+(by)？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+(by)？ 被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的，be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be 动词后面的过去分词不变。 2) 被动语态的十种时态被动语态的十种时态 以动词 give 为例，其被动语态的各种时态构成如

2、下： 时态时态 一般一般 进行进行 完成完成 现在现在 am Is given are am Is being given are has been given have 过去过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将过去将 来来 should be given would should have been given would 1.一般现在时 History is made by the people. 历史是人民创

3、造的。 2.一般过去时 These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994. 这些新车是 1994 年在天津生产的。 3.一般将来时 Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture. 李明将被邀请参加讲座。 4.现在进行时 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 5.过去进行时 The roads were being widened. 路那时正在加宽。 6.现在完成时 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往去上海工作了。 7

4、.过去完成时 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。 8.过去将来时 He said a new hotel would be built in two months. 他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。 3) 被动语态的否定句和疑问句被动语态的否定句和疑问句 English is not used in European countries. 欧洲国家不使用英语。 Is English used in European countries？ 欧洲国家使用英语吗？ 1.否定句否定句 凡是有 be 动词的句子，其

5、否定句都是在 be 动词的后面加 not，被动语态也不例 外。 This song is not liked by young people. 这支歌不被年轻人所喜爱。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马城不是一天建成的。 2.被动语态的疑问句被动语态的疑问句 把 Be 动词放在句首，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而疑问词+一般疑问句 就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了。 Is Chinese used only in China？ 汉语只是在中国使用吗？ Were these computers made in the U.S.A.？ 这些计算机是美国制造的吗？ Ye

6、s，they were.是的。 No，they werent.不是。 What language is spoken in China？ 中国说什么语言？ Chinese. 汉语。 What was it made of？ 它是什么制造的？ It was made of bamboo. 是竹子造的。 (简略回答：Bamboo.竹子。) 比较 各种含 be 动词的否定句型 I am not busy. 我不忙。 (一般现在时) She is not running. 她没在跑。 (现在进行时) There are not any books there. 那儿没有书。 (一般现在时) He is

7、 not going to visit his uncle. 他不准备去看 他叔叔。 (一般将来时) Japanese is not spoken in China. 在中国不说日文。 (被动语态) 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 练习题练习题 一.用括号中被动语态的适当时态填空 1English_(speak)here. 2The song_(like)by us all twenty years ago. 3The pictures_(take)by Jack tomorrow. 4The computer_(can use)in the room. 5The room_(paint)now. 【答案】 1is spoken 2was liked 3will be taken 4can be used 5is painted