人教版九年级英语Unit3 Grammar培优讲义(含答案)
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1、 Unit3 Grammar 疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,疑问词就是引导词,这时疑问词不可省略,而且宾语从句要用陈述语序, 即疑问词+主语+谓语+其他。 I wonder what I should do next. 我想知道下一步我该做什么。 【警示】宾语从句的标点要根据主句的句子类型来确定。当主句是陈述句时,句末通常用句点;当主句是 疑问句时,句末通常用问号。 2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换 含有宾语从句的复合句在一定的条件下可以转化为简单句。 (1)若主句的主语与从句的主语一致,则由疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成
2、疑问词+动词不定式的复 合结构。 I dont know how I should do it next.=I dont know how to do it next. 我不知道下一步应该怎样做。 (2) 当主句谓语动词是 see, hear, watch 等时, 其后的 that 从句常简化为宾语+动词原形/动词-ing 形式。 I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.刚才我
3、看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。 (3)当主句的谓语动词是 hope, agree, wish 等,且主句的主语与从句的主语一致时,其后以 that 引导的宾 语从句可简化为动词不定式结构。 He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 【典例】Excuse me, do you know _? Sure, there is a bookstore down the street near here. A. where can I get some postcards
4、B. where I can get some postcards C. how can I get some postcards D. when I can get some postcards 【答案】B 宾语从句除由引导词 that,if/whether 引导外还可由 what,which,whom,when 等引导。 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词 引导词引导词 引导词的作用引导词的作用 例句例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语 中可省略。 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅 长游泳。 if/whether 意为是
5、否,不 作句子成分,但不能省略。 I wonder if you are a teacher. 我想知道你是否是老师。 what , which , whose, whom 等连 接代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、 宾语、定语等。 I dont know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们 打算干什么。 He asked me whose book it was. 他问我这本书是谁的。 When(指时间 ), where(指地点), why( 表 原 因 ) , how(表方式) 等连接副词 在从句中作状语。 Could you tell me where
6、you are from?你能告诉我你来 自哪儿吗? Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎 么找到这个地方的吗? 【典例】Could you please tell me _ you will go to Hong Kong on business? Sure. I prefer to take a plane. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查宾语从句引导词的用法。根据答语当然可以。我更喜欢乘本飞机。可以推测问句中 宾语从句对交通方式提问,应用连接词 how。 语序语序 无论主句
7、是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即主句引导词宾语从句(主语谓语 .)。 He doesnt know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在哪里。 【典例】He asked me _. A. where was the Chaoyang Park B. how far was the Chaoyang Park from here C. how he could get to the Chaoyang Park 时态时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态关系应包括以下三点内容: (1)如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态
8、。 I dont know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。 (2)如果主句是过去时,宾语从句只可根据需要,选用与过去相关的时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过 去将来时或过去完成时中的某一种形式。 The children didnt know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。 (3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从 句时态都用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 【典例】Excuse
9、me. Could you please tell me _? A. how get to the Pacific Cinema B. how I got to the Pacific Cinema C. how I can get to the Pacific Cinema D. how should I get to the Pacific Cinema 【答案】C 【解析】句意:打扰一下,您能告诉我怎么去太平洋电影院吗?Could you please.? 表示礼貌地请求,could 并不表示过去时,后接宾语从句时态应为一般现在时且语序为陈述语序。 宾语从句可以转换成疑问词不定式结构 I
10、 want to know how I can do the dishes.I want to know how to do the dishes. 我想知道怎样洗餐具。 【典例】He told us where _ a picnic. A. having B. to have C. have D. had 【答案】B 【魔法记忆】宾语从句口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主 句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化 that 引,一般疑问句用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词 后陈述式。 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. Do you kno
11、w _ I saw yesterday? It was my favorite player, Yi Jianlian! A. whom B. when C. where D. how 2.(2016 福建莆田市第二十五中学九年级上学期期末考试)I seem to be lost. Could you tell me _? Sure.You can take the No. 3 bus to get there. A.where is the nearest hospital B.how far is my trip to the Olympic Village C.how I can get
12、 to the National Museum 3. Could you tell me _? Yes. To take back my dictionary A. Why did you come here B. When do you come here C. Why you came here D. When you come here 4. Do you know _ second-hand smoke? To protect our health and memory. A. how we should prevent B. why should we prevent C. why
13、we should prevent D. how should we prevent 5. (2016 北京市大兴区九年级上学期期末考试)Do you know _ at that time last night? Yes, a report for a newspaper. A.what was Linda writing B.what will Linda write C.what Linda was writing D.what Linda will write 6.(2015 江苏江都实验初级中学九年级上学期期末考试)Could you tell me _? About one hou
14、r and a half. A. how long it takes to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou B. how long it took to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou C. how long does it take to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou D. how long did it take to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou 7.(2016 湖北孝感孝南区肖港初级中学九年级月考) I wonder _. A. where can I get s
15、ome pens B. when the park closes today C. what happen last night D. if is there a bank near here 8.(2016 北京延庆县第三协作区九年级上学期期中考试) Do you know _ tomorrow? At 8 oclock. A. when did Sally come B. when Sally came C. when will Sally come D. when Sally will come 9. Do you know _? He is a dentist. A. where he
16、 is from B. what does he do C. what his father is 10.Could you tell me _? Sure. Walk straight along this street and youll find it. A. how can I get to the post office B. where is the post office C. which is the way to the post office D. how far the post office is 11.Jim feels stressed from time to t
17、ime, but he doesnt know _ about it. He can get help from his teachers. A. Who to talk B. which to talk to C. when to talk to D. who to talk to 12.Could you tell me _? Certainly. A. who is waiting for me B. who are you waiting for C. what the matter is with your bike D. how to do 13.(2016 重庆江津实验中学九年级
18、上月考)Could you tell me _? She has a pain in her face. A.what is the matter with her B.whats wrong with him C.what the matter is with her D.what wrong is with him 14.(2016 湖北武汉第二十五中学九年级上期中)Excuse me, could you tell me _? Yes. Go straight and turn left. Its on your right. A. how can I get to the drugst
19、ore B. which is the way to the drugstore C. where is the drugstore D. how far the drugstore is 15.(2015 陕西师范大学附属中学九年级上期中)Philip has gone to England. Oh, can you tell me _? A. when did he leave B. when he is leaving C. when he has left D. when he left 16.(2016 山东菏泽卷)Excuse me, but could you please te
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