2021年人教版（新教材）高中英语必修第一册Unit4 Natural Disasters核心素养提能练（含答案）

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1、核心素养提能练核心素养提能练 “阅读理解完形填空”组合练 .阅读理解 Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for them to predict how strong an earthquake will be.Now，American researchers have found it possible to predict the strength of future quakes. The earths crustthe outermost surfaceis mad

2、e up of large plates.As many as 20 plates cover the earth.They move slowly，sometimes sliding under one another and causing the earthquakes. Timothy HDixon is a geologist(地质学家) in the University of South Florida，who studies rocks and soil to understand the earth.He and other scientists are using glob

3、al positioning system， or GPS，to measure what he calls “slow- slip” events. Timothy Dixon says that while people cant feel a building breaking off，sometimes deadly earthquakes will happen.The big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in 2004 are the kind，and they are the re

4、al killers.So what we think these slow- slip events are telling us is that theyre letting off steam in areas where there is a break.And if they let off enough steam， the areas wont crack .“The more of the areas that break， ” he says， “the more powerful the earthquake is.” The scientists set up a num

5、ber of GPS receivers 15 years ago in Costa Rica to measure the “slow- slip” events，which take place only every year or two.The last one was three months before an earthquake in 2012. You know an earthquake is more or less inevitable.People always want to know when an earthquake is going to happen.Th

6、is technology cannot predict that.But Timothy Dixon says even if you dont know exactly when its going to happen，since you know its going to happen，and you know how big its going to be，you can prepare accordingly. 语篇解读 科学家知道地震在哪里发生，但他们很难预测地震的强度。现在研究人员发现有 可能预测未来地震的强度。 1According to the passage，what ca

7、n scientists predict about earthquakes at present? AWhen an earthquake will happen. BWhere an earthquake may happen. CHow strong an earthquake will be. DWhat kind of the earthquake will be. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据文章首段第一、二句“Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for t

8、hem to predict how strong an earthquake will be.”可知， 科学家知 道地震可能在什么地方发生，但是很难预测地震的强度。故正确答案是 B。 2What does the underlined word “inevitable” in the last paragraph mean? AUnavoidable. BUnpredictable. CPowerful. DTerrible. 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的语境可以猜测，画线词意为“难以避免的”，故正确答 案为 A。 3From Timothy Dixons words，what

9、 can we know? AWe cant predict when an earthquake happens forever. BHis new findings will prevent earthquakes happening. CHis new findings will help people reduce damage caused by earthquake. DHis new findings have been used in researching earthquakes. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Timothy Dixon says e

10、ven if you dont know exactly when its going to happen， since you know its going to happen， and you know how big its going to be，you can prepare accordingly.”可知，蒂莫西 迪克森说：“人们无法确切地 知道地震什么时候发生， 但是只要知道它会发生就可以相应地做准备从而减轻损失。 ” 故正 确答案为 C。 4What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? ATo tell u

11、s the reason why an earthquake can happen. BTo tell us that the strength of an earthquake can be predicted in the future. CTo tell us what Timothy HDixon is doing in his spare time. DTo tell us the advantage of knowing the strength of future earthquakes. 答案 B 解析 写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要是想告诉读者一个科学新发现，即地震的

12、 强度在未来有可能被预测。 .完形填空 The moon had gone behind a cloud and there werent many stars in the sky.As I looked at my neighbours house，I saw a flame in his 1 .I thought he was having a midnight food so I went back to my 2 . Soon，there was a burning smell in the air and I guessed something was wrong. 3 ，I ju

13、mped out of bed and went downstairs to 4 .I saw fire coming out of my neighbours kitchen.Right away，I 5 “Fire! Fire！” But there was no one nearby to 6 my shouts. I 7 into my house，called the Fire Department and went back to my neighbours house.I rang the doorbell，hit on the door and 8 my neighbours

14、name but there was no 9 .I managed to 10 the house and rescued a dog. I tried to throw water through the kitchen window 11 in vain；the fire was too strong. 12 ，a fire engine arrived and soon the fire was put out.They arrived just 13 as the fire was going to 14 to the other rooms in the house. When m

15、y neighbour came back，he was 15 because his kitchen was burnt down，but he thanked me for what I had done for him.He wanted to give me some money in return but I didnt accept it. Weeks later，my neighbour repaired his kitchen. 语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。 文章主要讲了作者邻居家的厨房失火了， 作者打电话给消防队， 并且亲自参与救火，救出了邻居的宠物。邻居回来后，对作者很感激。

16、 1A.sitting room Bbathroom Ckitchen Dbedroom 答案 C 解析 根据第二段中的“I saw fire coming out of my neighbours kitchen.”可知， 这里意思是 我看到邻居家的厨房里有火焰。sitting room 客厅；bathroom 浴室；kitchen 厨房；bedroom 卧 室。故选 C。 2A.chair Btable Cbed Dsofa 答案 C 解析 根据第二段中的“I jumped out of bed and went downstairs to.”可知，这里意思是所以 我回到了我的床上。cha

17、ir 椅子；table 桌子；bed 床；sofa 沙发。故选 C。 3A.After a while BAll the time COnce in a while DAt once 答案 D 解析 上文说空气中有一股燃烧的味道，所以作者立刻跳下床，下楼去检查。after a while 过 了一会儿；all the time 一直；once in a while 偶尔；at once 立刻。故选 D。 4A.examine Bsearch Creserve Dsmell 答案 A 解析 参见上题解析。examine 检查；search 探究；reserve 保留；smell 闻。故选 A。

18、5A.said Bshouted Creceived Dwhispered 答案 B 解析 根据后文中的“But there was no one nearby to.my shouts.”可知， 作者在大喊。 say说； shout 大喊；receive 收到；whisper 窃窃私语。故选 B。 6A.hear Blisten to Cask Dturn to 答案 A 解析 句意为：但是，附近没有人听到我的喊叫声。hear 听到；listen to 听；ask 问；turn to 转向。故选 A。 7A.walked Brushed Cjumped Dstepped 答案 B 解析 句意

19、为：我冲进我的房子，打电话给消防队，然后回到我邻居的房子。walk 走路；rush 急忙；jump 跳跃；step 行走。故选 B。 8A.called in Bcalled up Ccalled out Dcalled for 答案 C 解析 句意为：我按了门铃，敲了敲门，大声叫邻居的名字，但是没有人回答。call in 召集； call up 使想起；call out 大声叫；call for 要求。故选 C。 9A.answer Blight Csound Dfire 答案 A 解析 句意参见上题解析。answer 回答；light 照亮；sound 声音；fire 火。故选 A。 10

20、A.take out Btake up Cbreak down Dbreak into 答案 D 解析 根据后文中的“and rescued a dog”可知，我设法闯入了房子。take out 取出；take up 开始从事；break down 发生故障；break into 闯入。故选 D。 11A.and Bbut Cbecause Dtherefore 答案 B 解析 根据空后的“in vain”可知， 这里意思是我试图把水从厨房窗户里泼进去， 但没有用， 表示转折。and 并且；but 但是；because 因为；therefore 因此。故选 B。 12A.Luckily BSa

21、dly CUnfortunately DSuddenly 答案 A 解析 根据后文中的“a fire engine arrived and soon the fire was put out”可知，这里意思是幸 运的是，消防车来了，很快火就被扑灭了。luckily 幸运地；sadly 悲哀地；unfortunately 不幸 地；suddenly 突然地。故选 A。 13A.in time Bon time Cat a time Dat times 答案 A 解析 句意为：他们来得很及时，因为大火即将蔓延到房子里的其他房间。in time 及时；on time 按时；at a time 一次；

22、at times 有时。故选 A。 14A.run Bspread Cflow Dreturn 答案 B 解析 句意参见上题解析。run 跑；spread 蔓延；flow 流动；return 返回。故选 B。 15A.amazing Bsad Csick Dangry 答案 B 解析 根据后文中的“because his kitchen was burnt down”可知， 邻居回来， 发现自己的厨房 被烧毁了，很伤心。 amazing 令人惊异的；sad 难过的；sick 生病的；angry 生气的。故选 B。 主观题规范练 .语法填空 In 1916，the United States s

23、tarted the worlds first national park system.Since then， it 1. (serve) as a model for other countries that try to better protect the environment and let people enjoy nature. A national park is a reserve of land 2. (own) by the government，protected from human development and pollution.Now China is pl

24、anning its own national parks system.On Dec 5， China passed two pilot plans for national parks 3. (protect) the giant panda，Siberian tiger and Amur leopard. Before this national park project，China had set aside thousands of nature parks，forests and scenic areas 4. protected areas.However，they havent

25、 been managed well because too many different 5. (organization) have been involved in the protection of the different areas.Under 6. new plan，national parks will cover big areas and include different protected areas. For example，the habitats of wild pandas lie in different provinces and 7. (cut) int

26、o even smaller pieces by railways，roads and power lines.This makes panda groups 8. (open) to danger.The panda national park will cover all the habitats and make the protection of animals as comprehensive as possible. 9 this increased protection doesnt mean national parks will shut their doors to hum

27、ans.Instead，the new system will offer people a chance to 10. (deep) feel nature. 语篇解读 本文主要讲述了中国试点国家公园，珍稀动物和自然环境都将受到保护。 1答案 has been serving/has served 解析 考查动词的时态。前一句有 since“自以来”主句用现在完成时；此动作还可以表 示持续性，故用现在完成进行时也可以，故答案有两种。 2答案 owned 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：被政府所拥有的，故用过去分词作后置定语。 3答案 to protect 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式

28、作目的状语。故填 to protect。 4答案 as 解析 考查介词的用法。as 作为。 5答案 organizations 解析 考查名词的复数。organization 是可数名词，根据前面的 different 可知，此处用复数形 式。 6答案 the 解析 考查冠词。此处指上文提到过的计划，故用定冠词 the 表示特指。 7答案 are cut 解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，此处用被动语态，又根据全文时态为一般现 在时，故填 are cut。 8答案 more open 解析 考查形容词的比较级。此处意为“这使得熊猫群体面临更多的危险”。故用比较级。 9答案 But 解析

29、 考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示转折。故填 But。注意首字母大写。 10答案 deeply 解析 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词 feel，故用副词形式。 .读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为 150 左右。 When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby，many families were left completely ruined .One Sunday，a particular picture especially touched me.A young woman

30、stood in front of an entirely ruined home.A young boy，seven or eight years old，stood at her side，eyes downcast.Holding her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera，eyes wide with confusion and fear.The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member.With grow

31、ing interest，I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours.This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves.I taped the picture of the young family to our refrigerator，explaining their difficulty to my seven- year- old twins，Brad and Brett， and to

32、three- year- old Meghan. “These poor people now have nothing，” I said.“Well share what we have with them.” I brought three large boxes and placed them on the living room floor，encouraging the boys to go through their toys and donate(捐赠) some of their less favorite things.Meghan watched seriously， as

33、 the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods that they no longer needed.Then she walked away. A few minutes later， Meghan came back with Lucy， her much- loved doll.She stopped in front of the box，gave her doll a final kiss，and then laid her gently on top of the other toys. “Oh

34、，Honey，” I said.“You dont have to give Lucy.You love her so much.” Meghan nodded seriously，“Lucy makes me happy，Mommy.Maybe shell make another little girl happy，too.” Paragraph 1： The boys had watched，open- mouthed，when their sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Paragraph 2： I watched my chil

35、dren for a long moment. 一、故事梗概 二、情节推断 根据已经给出的续写部分每段的开头语并展开合理想象可推断： 1 第一段应该是描述作者的女儿把自己最喜欢的玩具捐赠出去后， 小男孩们受到影响也把自 己最喜爱的玩具拿出来捐赠； 2 第二段应该是说作者在看到孩子们令人感动的行为之后， 自己心中的想法以及之后的做法。 可根据自己的想象构建故事情节。续写两段的四个要素如下： Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 时间： After Meghan donated her favorite doll 地点：in the authors house 人物：the author

36、 and her children 事件：Meghan donated her favorite doll， made other children shocked，also donated their favorites 时间：After the authors children donated their favorites 地点：in the authors house 人物：the author and her children 事件：moved by her children， decided to donate her favorite 三、要素串联 将已确定的四要素串联，并增加细

37、节描写，完成读后续写。 参考范文 The boys had watched，open- mouthed，when their sister placed her favorite doll in the box.Without a word，the boys rose and went to their rooms and came back carrying their favorite toys to the living room.Surprised，I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghans acti

38、on meant.I think all of them want to make these poor people who have nothing happy like them.Holding back my tears，I pulled all three of them into my arms. I watched my children for a long moment.I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes， too.I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did.What Meghan did taught me a lesson that the true spirit of donating is to give with your heart.