人教版八年级英语上册Unit5 Grammar培优讲义（含答案）

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1、 Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? Grammar 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由to 动词原形构成， 有时可以省略 to。 动词不定式在句中可作宾语、 宾语补足语、 状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。 （一）不定式的具体用法：（一）不定式的具体用法： 考点考点 1 1 作宾语作宾语 在 offer， plan， hope， decide， learn， wish，want，agree，refuse，begin， start，forget，remember 等动词之 后作宾语。 Finally he of

2、fered to go shopping with me. 最 后他主动提出跟我一起购物。 I want to see a film tomorrow evening. 我想 明天晚上去看一部电影。 在 know，decide，remember 等动 词之后可用疑问词动词不定 式作宾语。 I dont want to stay at home, but I dont know where to go. 我不想待在家里，但是我不知 道去哪里。 考点考点 2 作宾语作宾语 补足语补足语 在 teach， ask， allow， invite， advise 等动词之后用不定式作宾补。 My par

3、ents allow me to play computer games at weekends. 我父母允许我周末玩 电脑游戏。 在 let， make 和 have 之后用省略 to 的不定式作宾补。 My mother often makes me clean the windows. 我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。 考点考点 3 3 作状语作状语 动词不定式表示目的。 They are working hard to save the injured tiger. 他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。 考点考点 4 4 作定语作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰 的名词或代词之后。 She wa

4、s the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这个主意的人。 考点考点 5 作主语作主语 不定式直接作主语 To say is easy, but to do is not easy. 说起来容 易，做起来难。 It 作形式主语，不定式（短语）作 真正的主语 It is difficult （for me） to learn maths well. （对我来说）学好数学很难。 【巧学妙记巧学妙记】 只能接不定式作宾语的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词 同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装。设法学会强强强

5、 agree （同意）； offer （提出）； plan （计划）； ask （要求）； promise （答应）； help （帮忙）； prepare （准备）；decide （决定）； refuse （拒绝）；dare （敢于）； choose （选 择）； wish，hope， want，expect （希望，想要）；fail（不能；忘记）； pretend （假装）； manage （设法）；learn （学会） （二）不带（二）不带 to 的不定式的使用的不定式的使用 动词不定式通常带 to，但在有些搭配中不带 to，在另一些搭配中可带 to 可不带 to。归纳起来，以下情 况下

6、使用不带 to 不定式： 1. 在 cancould，maymight，willwould，shallshould，must，need，dare 等情态动词之后，动词 不定式不带 to。 2. 在表示感觉意义的动词，如 see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe 等后，或是表示致使 意义的动词，如 have，let，make 等后，动词不定式不带 to。 I often heard him say that he would study hard. I must have him see his own mistakes. 但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时

7、，后面的不带 to 的不定式一般要转换为带 to 不定式。 He was often heard to say that he would study hard. After he had finished speaking, he was made to answer innumerable questions. 3. 在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式，也可用带 to 的不定式。 Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box. 4. 在 had better，would rather，maymight as well，rather tha

8、n，can not but 等搭配之后，动词不定式也 不带 to。 Unless you feel too ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight. She could not but criticize his foolish behavior. 5. 在 make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell， leave go of 等固定搭配中，用不带 to 的动词不定式。 They

9、 let go of the rope. 他们松开了绳子。 John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. 约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 Ive heard tell of him. 我听说过他。 Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students. 由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。 6. 在介词 but，except 之后，如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带 to，反之则必须带 to，表示不得不，只能。 He will do anything except work on the far

10、m. There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender. The spy was both hungry and cold; there was nothing left for him but to give in. I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining. 下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带 to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but， have nothing to do but。

11、 I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有 do，to 省略： I did nothing but watch TV last night. 如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带 to： I have no choice but to give up my idea. 7. 紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的动词不定式总是不带 to。但是，紧跟在 who，what，which，whether 等连接词后的不定式带 to。 Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when yo

12、u dont understand the meaning? You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science. （三）不定式的完成式和进行式（三）不定式的完成式和进行式 1. 构成 完成式：to+ have done 进行式：to+ be doing 2. 用法 完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动作之前，那么不定式就要用完成式形式。 进行式：如果主要谓语动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么不定式就要用进行 式形式。 She feels relaxed to have finished writin

13、g her thesis before the deadline. The Vikings are believed to have discovered America. When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer. （四）不定式的被动形式（四）不定式的被动形式 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。 For twelve years, Spanish censorship （审查机构） did not allow Lorcas name to be

14、mentioned and his work to be published. The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain. （五）不定式的否定形式（五）不定式的否定形式 否定形式是在不定式的标志 to 前加 not。 I decided not to ask him again. Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out. I. 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We will try_(study) hard. 2. Don

15、t forget_(lock) the door when you leave. 3. You must remember_(bring) your homework here tomorrow. 4. Would you like_ (go) out for a walk? 5. The news and talk shows may not be very exciting, but we can expect_ (learn) a lot from them. 6. I decided_(buy) a house near the main road. 7. Mary wants_(vi

16、sit) her best friend this weekend. 8. We hope_ (meet) our teacher in the street. 9. The little girl often helps_(clean) the house. 10. Tom planned_(fly) to Hong Kong. 11. She decided _(leave) here a little earlier. 12. Id like _(write) a book about my hometown. 13. His daughter is learning _(play) t

17、he piano. 14. They hope _(stay) in Hong Kong for another two weeks. 15. My teacher can help _(bring) out the best in me. 16. You cant expect _(learn) a new sport in a few days. 17. Larry wants _(visit) her English teacher this Sunday morning. 18. Were planning _(go) to Beijing on vacation next week.

18、 19. The little boy wishes _(fly) to the moon one day. 20. I try _(get) good grades in this Chinese exam. II. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 这个孩子一点儿也不喜欢垃圾食品。 The child _ _ junk food _ _. 2. 她认为健康生活节目如何？ _ does she _ _ Healthy Living? 3. 汤姆不喜欢做饭。 Tom _ _ cooking. 4. 这个小女孩不能忍受西餐。 The little girl

19、_ _ western food. 5. 你认为海南岛怎么样？ _ do you _ Hainan Island? 6. 我不介意打开门。 I _ _ opening the door. 7. 正在下雨呢，你需要带上雨伞。 Its raining. You _ _ _ an umbrella. 8. 我希望在晚饭前完成作业。 I _ _ _ my homework before dinner. 9. 我期望暑假能见到我的表姐。 I _ _ _ my cousin during my summer vacation. 10. 他真不知道下一步做什么。 He doesnt really know

20、_ _ _ next. . 单项选择单项选择 1. Dont forget _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought 2. Tony, remember_ with your mouth full of food. A. to talk B. not to talk C. talking D. talk 3. I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tri

21、ed_ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making 4. If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _ it. A. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop 5. We are supposed _ the lost child at once. A. find B. to finding C. finding D. to find 6. Where is yo

22、ur father ? He is at work. He always has lots of work _. A. do B. to do C. doing D. does 7. This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me_, George? A. what to work out B. to work it out C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 8. Mother told me _ in bed because its bad for eyes. A. dont rea

23、d B. not to read C. not read D. to not read 9. We have 3 rooms _ , but I cant decide _ . A. to live；to choose which one B. lived；choose which one C. to live in；which one to choose D. live；which one 10. She tried _ Chinese in English. A. to not speak B. not to speak C. not speaking D. didnt to speak

24、11. Well do what we can _ English well this term. A. study B. to study C. be studied D. be studying 12. I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 13. As for most students, they find it very difficult _ English well. A. to

25、learn B. learning C. learn D. learns 14. Workers cant be made _ for twelve hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 15. What should I do, doctor? _ healthy, you should take more exercise. A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. To keep out IV. 完形填空完形填空 Many people say that books made of paper a

26、re out of fashion. Is that true? What would you choose if you were sitting in front of a TV and there was a book right next to you? The answer will most 1 be the TV! Young people would certainly choose the TV, but you will be 2 to find out that the older ones will at least hesitate(犹豫)about choosing

27、 it. Why is this? Is it because the world has changed so much in recent years that our 3 are not the same any more? Nowadays many people have no interest in 4 . This may be a possible explanation. Another reason might be the change of lifestyle. We are most likely to visit a club or a bar to relax a

28、fter a long days work 5 reading a book in our own homes. All the stress of work make us want a 6 relaxing way. Perhaps, most of us do not have the patience to read any more. It is much 7 to turn on the TV and watch the latest news around the world than to read the 19th century works! With all the TV

29、 programmes, 8 can find an interesting show or a moive to watch. Whats better than getting into bed with the remote control and 9 whenever you wish? You are the master of all the TV programmes. The only disadvantage is that TV will never 10 you with all the facts as a book does, even though it does

30、get you relaxed in just a moment. 1. A. probably B. properly C. perfectly D. particularly 2. A. happy B. impatient C. surprised D. brave 3. A. diets B. duties C. courses D. habits 4. A. scholarship B. 1iterature C. value D. truth 5. A. instead of B. because of C. prefer to D. would rather 6. A. slow

31、 B. traditional C. quick D. single 7. A. harder B. safer C. simpler D. funnier 8. A. someone B. no one C. everyone D. none 9. A. falling asleep B. waking up C. getting up D. going out 10. A. provide B. prevent C. promise D. prepare V. 语法语法填空填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号 中词语的正确形式填空。

32、 Do you know the old story about the hare and the tortoise? They have a running race, and the proud hare is 1 (slowly) than the tortoise. Now there is an interesting cartoon movie about it. It 2 (tell) about the story of the hares son and the tortoises daughter. The hares son is very clever. And the

33、 tortoises daughter likes singing and dancing. The father hare often remembers 3 first running race and feels regretful. He wants 4 (show) he is faster and better, so he joins in a running race 5 his son. The tortoise and his daughter join in it, too. So the game begins. On the way, two tortoises tr

34、y 6 best to walk faster. But they meet some 7 (difficult). They have to work together with the hares. On the way, they find 8 is important to help each other. 9 they are not the champion at last, they feel glad. The two families become good friends. They live a happy life from then on. The movie is

35、worth 10 (watch). There is something new and different in it. I am sure you love the characters and the exciting journey. 1. (2018 湖北孝感)Attention, please! Without permission, children are not allowed alone here. A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. swam 2. (2018 湖北咸宁) Would you like to go swimming with

36、 me, Tom? Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river. A. dont swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim 3. (2018 齐齐哈尔)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith. A. help B. to help C. helping 4. (2018山东临沂) I didnt see you _ in. You must have been very quiet. A. comes B. to

37、 come C. come D. have come 5. (2018 内蒙古通辽)Students _ to the library after school. A. allow to go B. are allowed going C. will allow go D. are allowed to go 6. (2018 上海)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided_his own restaurant. A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening 7. (2016黑龙江)Though she of

38、ten makes her little brother _ , she was made _ by him this morning. A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry 8. (2016黑龙江)We advise parents _ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving 9.（2016湖北黄石）Mount Xiaolei is not far away fr

39、om here, but it will still take us a few hours _ there by bike. A. getting B. to get C. got D. get 10.（2016湖北咸宁）What does the sign mean? It tells us_in public. A.didnt smoke B.dont smoke C.not to smoke D.not smoke 11.（2016江苏徐州） David said that the glass was broken and warned me _ it. A. dont touch B

40、. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching 12. （2016 江苏镇江） Our country encourages more students football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools. A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play 13.（2016四川雅安）Our teacher often asks us time. A.not waste B.dont waste C. not to waste D.doesnt

41、waste 14.（2016 天津）I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera. A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking I. 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 1. to study 2.to lock 3.to bring 4.to go 5.to learn 6.to buy 7.to visit 8.to meet 9.(to) clean 10. to fly 11.to leave 12. to write 13.to play

42、 14.to stay 15.to bring 16.to learn 17.to visit 18.to go 19.to fly 20.to get II. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. doesnt like；at all 2. What；think of 3. doesnt like 4. cant stand 5. How；like 6. dont mind 7. need to take 8. hope to finish 9. expect to see 10. what to do . 单项选择单项选择 1. B 【解析】 句意： 明天

43、早上别了把你的历史书和政治书带来。 谢谢。 我不会忘的。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事情未做)；forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事(事情已做)。结合句意可知选 B。 2. B 【解析】句意：托尼，记着满嘴食物时不要说话。remember to do sth 记得要做某事（动作还未发生） ， 其否定形式是直接在 to 前加 not，故选 B。 3. B 【解析】句意：我刚才没听见你进来。那很好。我们尽力不发出任何声音，因为你在睡觉。 try to do sth.意为努力/尽力做某事，否定形式为 try not to do sth.。由句意可知选择答案 B。

44、 4. D 【解析】由句意如果物价涨得太高，政府就不得不采取措施来阻止。动词不定式在句中作目的状 语，说明采取措施的目的是来阻止物价上涨。故选 D。 7. C 【解析】考查疑问词+不定式结构和动词短语。work out 是动词+副词短语，故代词作宾语时，要 放在动词和副词之间，这里是疑问词加不定式在句中作宾语，根据题意是指如何解答出来，故 选 C。 8. B 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：妈妈告诉我不要躺床上看书，因为那样对眼睛不好。告诉某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.，否定式是在 to 前加 not。排除 A、C、D。故选 B。 9. C 【解析】动词不定式只能作后置定语，不

45、能做前置定语。动词不定式与所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关 系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，后面应有必要的介词，live 需要加上表 示位置的介词 in，在里面。因此选 C。 10. B 【解析】B 考查 try to do sth. 和 try doing sth.的区别。前者是尽力做某事；后者是尝试着做某 事。她尽力不让自己在英语课上说汉语。 不定式的否定是在 to 前加 not，故选 B。 11. B 【解析】to study 是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了学好英语这个学期我们要尽我们所能去学习。本 题受 can 的影响会误选 A 项，注意 can 后省了 do。 12.

46、 B 【解析】句意：我经常午饭吃汉堡。你最好不要。吃太多的垃圾食品对你不好。It 为形式 主语，动词不定式 to eat too much junk food 是真正的主语。 13. A 【解析】句意：对大多数学生来说，他们发现学好英语非常困难。这里是 Sb find it + adj. + to do 句 型，it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。选 A。 14. B 【解析】使役动词 make 的用法：make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.，被动语态中一定要带上 不定式符号 to。故选 B。 15. B 【解析】句意：医生，我该做什么？为了保持健康，

47、你应该多锻炼。不定式作目的状语。 表示具体的将要进行的动作。keep out 是阻止进入的意思。keep 是保持的意思。故选 B。 IV. 完形填空完形填空 【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了现在人们更多的选择电视放松而不再看书。原因可能是人们希望快 速的放松，没有耐心读书。 1. A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. probably 可能地；B. properly 合适地；C. perfectly 完美地；D. particularly 特殊地。根据上下文可知句意是答案最有可能是电视。故选 A。 3. D 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. diets 饮食；B. duties 责任；C.

48、courses 课程；D. habits 习惯。因 为近几年里这个世界变化了那么多，以至于我们习惯不再和一起一样。故选 D。 4. B 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. scholarship 奖学金；B. 1iterature 文学；C. value 价值；D. truth 真相。根据上文看书和看电视的比较，可知现在许多人不再对文学感兴趣。故选 B。 5. A 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。A. instead of 代替；B. because of 因为；C. prefer to 更喜欢；D. would rather 宁愿。我们更愿意在一天的工作后去俱乐部或酒吧放松而不是在自己的家里读

49、书。instead of 介词短语后加名词或动名词，根据空后是动名词，故选 A。 6. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. slow 慢的；B. traditional 传统的；C. quick 快的；D. single 单 身的。 一周的压力使我们想要一种快速的放松方式。 根据后文他们没有耐心读书可知是快速的方式， 故选 C。 7. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. harder 更困难；B. safer 更安全；C. simpler 更简单；D. funnier 更滑稽。打开电视看世界上的最新的新闻比读十九世纪的作品更简单。故选 C。 8. C 【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。

50、A. someone 某人，有人；B. no one 没有人；C. everyone 每个人； D. none 没有人。在所有的电视节目中，每一个人都能找到一个有趣的节目或电影观看。故选 C。 9. A 【解析】 考查动词及语境的理解。 A. falling asleep 入睡； B. waking up 醒来； C. getting up 起床； D. going out 出去。比起拿着遥控器上床，什么时候想睡就睡，什么更好？故选 A。 10. A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. provide 提供；B. prevent 阻止；C. promise 承诺；D.prepare 准备。 唯