2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题09:语法填空之说明文(1)解析版
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1、专题专题 09 语法填空之说明文语法填空之说明文 (2020 届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinatown in San Francisco is 41(big)in America,and also the oldest.It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.The climate is mild all year round,meanin
2、g it is always a good time to visit. Historically,Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.What started 42 a residential(居住的)area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.Most of the residents in Chinatown 43(be)still Ch
3、inese,many of whom do not speak English fluently.This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown 44 (destroy)in the 1906 earthquake,but the city and residents rebuilt it,taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. 45(traditional),visitors enter Chinatown through
4、the legendary Dragon Gate,which was built using materials donated from China.Visitors can also spend hours just 46(explore)the interesting sights,smells and sounds of China.Portsmouth Square,the centre of Chinatown,is also a key site,which has a long and famous history.These days,the square is a gre
5、at place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life,such as games of Chinese chess and people practising tai chi. The 47(store)in Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs,goods and clothing.All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found,too,and there are Chinese tea shops, 48
6、visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.But perhaps 49 many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.There is Chinese food to suit everyones taste with traditional dishes from all over China. Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA
7、 They allow visitors who have never been to China 50 (experience)traditional Chinese culture first-hand. 【答案】 41the biggest 42as 43are 44was destroyed 45Traditionally 46exploring 47stores 48where 49what 50to experience 【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了旧金山的唐人街。 41考查形容词最高级。句意:旧金山的唐人街是美国最大的,也是最古老的。分析句子成分和根据句意可知,此处与后文 a
8、nd also the oldest并列,用最高级形式。故填 the biggest。 42考查介词。句意:这里最初是中国移民的居住区,后来变成了中国文化的中心。根据句意可知,此处应填介词,作作为之意,故填 as。 43考查动词时态。根据语境可知,本句用一般现在时,主语为 most of the residents 为复数,故填are。 44考查被动语态。根据时间状语 in the 1906 earthquake可知,该句用一般过去时,另主语为 most of Chinatown 为单数,与所给动词之间为被动关系,故应用一般过去时被动语态,故填 was destroyed。 45考查副词。句意
9、:传统上,游客通过传说中的龙门进入唐人街,这是用中国捐赠的材料建造的。分析句子结构可知,此处应为副词作状语,修饰句子。故填 Traditionally。 46考查动词搭配。游客们也可以花上几个小时去探索中国有趣的风景、气味和声音。本句考查spend +一段时间 + doing sth结构,意为花时间做某事。故填 exploring。 47考查名词复数。句意:唐人街的商店提供各种独特的纪念品、商品和服装。根据句意可知,此处做主语,根据谓语动词 offer 可知,应用名词复数,故填 stores。 48考查定语从句。句意:那里有中国茶叶店,游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶叶。分析句子结构可
10、知,所给空格后的句子为定语从句,修饰先行词 Chinese tea shops,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填 where。 49考查主语从句。句意:但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是唐人街的食物。分析句子结构可知,_9_ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown为主语,且主语从句中缺少宾语成分,故用 what引导,故填 what。 50考查动词不定式。句意:它们让从未到过中国的游客亲身体验中国传统文化。分析句子结构可知,本句使用 allow sb. to do sth.,意为允许某人做某事,故该句中应用
11、不定式作宾语补足语,故填to experience。 (2020 届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词威括号内单词的正确形式。 Its nice to go out 41a meal at a restaurant. But what makes it extra special apart from the food is to receive attentive service from the staff. Seeing a service charge 42(add) in your bill can leave a bad taste in y
12、our mouth. You 43 (face) with the dilemma of deciding to pay it, and whether you should add a tip on top. Putting your hand in your pocket to reward good service is a 44 (person) choice, but it also depends on where you are in the world. What is the norm in one city is not 45 (necessary) the norm in
13、 another. In some 46 (place) a tip is expected; but in 47, good service should be expected and ought to be included in the price. In the UK, people tending to be too polite 48(complain), the service charge might be paid despite the quiet complaint 49 the service they received was not up to the stand
14、ard! In the US, however everybody 50 (offer) 20% more as a tip. Maybe we should fallow Japans approach, tipping under any circumstance may seem rude because good service is standard and expected. 【答案】 41for 42added 43are faced 44personal 45necessarily 46places 47others 48to complain 49that 50offers
15、【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了出去吃饭时是否该付小费这一问题,它取决于你在哪个地方,一些国家需要付小费,有些国家则不需要付小费。 41考查介词。句意:到外面的餐馆吃饭真是太好了。此处用 for表示目的,go out for a meal/walk 表示出去吃饭/散步,故填 for。 42考查非谓语动词。句意:看到你的帐单上加了服务费会给你留下不好的印象。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词, a service charge 与 add之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 用过去分词作后置定语,故填 added。 43考查时态及语态。句意:你会面临一个两难的问题是否要付钱以及是否还要再加上
16、小费。be faced with表示面临,文章的基础时态为一般现在时,主语为 You,故填 are faced。 44考查形容词。句意:掏钱奖励好的服务是一个个人的选择,但它也取决于你在哪个地方。修饰名词 choice 用形容词,故填 personal。 45考查副词。句意:一个城市的标准不一定也适用于另一个城市。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少副词作状语,表示必定地,故填 necessarily。 46考查名词复数。句意:在一些地方给小费是应该的;但在另一些地方,优质服务是应该的,而且应该包含在价格里面。some 修饰可数名词复数,故填 places。 47考查代词。句意:在一些地方给小费是应该的
17、;但在另一些地方,优质服务是应该的,而且应该包含在价格里面。根据空前的some可知,此处用 others 与之构成 some.others.的搭配,表示一些,另一些,故填 others。 48考查非谓语动词。句意:在英国,人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨,他们可能会暗自抱怨服务没有达到标准,但还是会付服务费!be too+adj. +to do sth.表示太而不能做某事,故填 to complain。 49考查同位语从句。句意:在英国,人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨,他们可能会暗自抱怨服务没有达到标准,但还是会付服务费!分析句子结构可知,此处为同位语从句,说明 complaint的具体内容
18、,从句成分完整,应使用仅起连接作用、无实义的 that引导,故填 that。 50考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但在美国,每个人都会多给 20%的小费。陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语为 everybody,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填 offers。 (2020 届江西省赣州市高三二模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has ambitious plans to reduce single-use plastics by 2025. Chinas National Development and Reform Commission i
19、s taking a number of measures 41 (design) to cut the production and use of plastics over the next five years. At the end of 2020,non- Biodegradable (非生物降解的) plastic bags 42 (ban) in supermarkets and malls in major cities. The ban will also apply 43 food delivery services, which use vast amounts of t
20、he plastics. Food delivery and takeaway services will stop 44 (use)single-use plastic straws and cutlery (餐具) nationwide. China will encourage 45 use of alternative materials such as non-plastic products and biodegradable shopping bags. Single-use plastics are one of the worlds 46 (big) sources of p
21、lastic pollution. They 47 (become) a part of daily life and a part of our throwaway culture for decades. China set a goal of reducing overconsumption in order to get rid of our reliance on single-use plastics. Previous regulations on plastic use, in 2008, cut production of 48 (rough) 67 billion plas
22、tic bags. The United Nations said its urgent that all countries adopt 49 (policy) similar to those China is introducing. It said the world cannot cope with the amount of plastic waste we produce. 50 we must rethink is the way we manufacture, use and manage plastics. 【答案】 41designed 42will be banned
23、43to 44using 45the 46biggest 47have become 48roughly 49policies 50What 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了中国国家发展和改革委员会正在采取一系列措施,旨在在未来五年内减少塑料的生产和使用。到 2020 年底,主要城市的超市和商场将禁止使用不可降解的塑料袋。该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。这一举措也得到了联合国的认可。 41考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,可知 design在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语 measures构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填 designed。 42考查动词时态和语态。根据上
24、文 At the end of 2020可知应用一般将来时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be banned。 43考查介词。句意:该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。结合句意表示适用于,短语为 apply to。故填 to。 44 考查非谓语动词。 句意: 在全国范围内, 食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。 表示停止(正在做的)某事应用 stop doing sth.。故填 using。 45考查冠词。句意:中国将鼓励使用非塑料产品和可降解购物袋等替代材料。use为名词,此处表示特指替代材料的使用,应用定冠词 the。故填 the。
25、 46考查最高级。句意:一次性塑料是世界上最大的塑料污染源之一。结合句意表示世界上最大的,应用形容词最高级。故填 biggest。 47考查动词时态。根据后文 for decades 可知应用现在完成时,且主语为 they,故助动词用 have。故填 have become。 48考查副词。句意:2008 年出台的有关塑料使用的规定,减少了大约 670亿个塑料袋的生产。此处修饰后文 67 billion,应用副词 roughly,表示大约。故填 roughly。 49考查名词的数。句意:联合国表示,当务之急是所有国家都采取类似中国的政策。policy为可数名词,前面没有冠词,故应用复数形式。故
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