2022年中考英语复习专题12:动词语态 精讲(含答案)
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1、2022 年中考英语复习专题年中考英语复习专题 12:动词语态精讲动词语态精讲 【考点】主动语态和被动语态的区别与使用,特别是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。 动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种:主动语英语中的动词语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。 【精讲【精讲 01】被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 一般现在时:一般现在时:am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时:一般过去时:was / were + 及物动词
2、的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时:一般将来时:will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时:现在完成时:have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时:现在进行时:am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时:过去完成时:had been + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 如: You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。 China was liberated in 1949. 1949 年中国解放。 The problem
3、will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。 The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 【被动语态的构成】 时态时态 被动语态被动语态 例句例句 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 The flowers are
4、often watered by her. was/were+动词的过去分词 A farm was visited yesterday by us 一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall + be+动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her. 现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词 A novel is being read by him. 现在完成时现在完成时 have/has been+动词的过去分词 His rooms have been cleaned by him. 过去进行时过去进行时 w
5、as/were being+动词的过去分词 His rooms were being cleaned by him then. 过去完成时过去完成时 had been+动词的过去分词 His rooms had been cleaned by him then. 过去将来时过去将来时 would/should be+动词的过去分词 His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day. 含情态动词含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Your homework must be finished in time. 【精讲【精讲 02】主动语态与被动语
6、态的转换】主动语态与被动语态的转换 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) ,根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。如: All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a
7、 tree. A tree was cut down by him. 【精讲【精讲 03】其他特殊形式其他特殊形式的被动语态的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他 被动语态: 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用) 或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for / to) + 间接宾语 + 其他 如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday. I was given a new book on my birt
8、hday (by my father). 或 A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father). 我的父亲在我的生日那天给我买了一本新书。 含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态 有些相当于及物动词的短语动词相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但要把它们看作一看作一个整体个整体,不能分开不能分开。如: She looks after her grandmother. Her grandmother is looked after (by her). 她照顾她
9、的祖母。 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 只把宾语变为被动语态宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动宾语补足语不动。如: His teacher found him a very good pupil. He was found a very good pupil by his teacher. 他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。 【特殊特殊语态总结】 种类种类 构成构成 例句例句 主动语态中 省去 to 的动词 变为被动语态时, 省去的 to 要加上。 The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 含双宾
10、语的动词 把指人的宾语变为主语时, 指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后; 指物的宾语变为主语时, 指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。 I was given a present. A present was given to me. 含短语的动词 短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时,变被动语态时,介词、副词不能丢。 The young man was sent away from school. 【注意】 有些及物动词如 have(有),reach, cost 等,以及连系动词如 smell, taste, sound, feel 等,不用于被动语态不用于被动语态。如: 【误】 Five dollars
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