新目标八年级英语下册Unit8知识点讲义

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1、U Unit 8 Have you read nit 8 Have you read TreasureTreasure Island yet?Island yet?讲义讲义 一、一、 词性转换词性转换 Section A 1. hurry (pt.)hurried 2. mark (v.) mark 3. technology (pl.) technologies 4.French (国家) France Section B 1. southern (n.) south 2. success (v.) succeed 3. laughter (v.) laugh 4. record (v.)

2、record 5. introduce (n.) introduction 6. beauty (adj.)beautiful 7. belong (pt.) belonged 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1.full of 满是的；大量的满是的；大量的 2. hurry up 赶快；急忙赶快；急忙 3. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片） 4. country music 乡村音乐 5. ever since 自从自从 6. one another 互相 7. grow up 长大 8. book report 读书报告 9. foot mark 脚印 10. leave be

3、hind 留下留下 11. science and technology 科技科技 12. grow fruits and vegetables 种植果蔬 13. cut down trees 砍伐树木 14. lose ones life 失去生命失去生命 15. make notes 做笔记 16. short summary 概述 17. come to realize 开始意识到开始意识到 18. do some research on 做的研究做的研究 19. good old days 过去的好时光 20. play pop music 演奏流行音乐 21. see sb. sin

4、g live 看某人现场演唱 22. fight over sth. 为而争吵为而争吵 23. think about ones family 想起家人 24. such as 例如 25. bring back 带回带回 26. study abroad 出国留学 27. trust one another 相互信任相互信任 28. the beauty of nature 自然之美自然之美 29. in ones own word 用自己的语言 30. put down 放下放下 31. keep on eating 继续吃饭 32. at the end of the day 一天结束

5、33. join the book club 加入读书俱乐部 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1. finish doing sth. 完成某事 2. arrive at/in sp. 到达某地 3.learn to do sth. 学习/学会做某事 4.see ab. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 5. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 6.name sb. sth 给某人取名为 7.teach sb.sth 教某人某事 8.use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 9.love to do/doing sth. 喜欢做某事 10. be intereste

6、d in sth./doing sth. 对某事/做某事感兴趣 4. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 5. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 6. be kind to sb. 对某人友好 7. Its+n.+to do 做某事是的 8. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 9. have time to do sth. 有时间做某事 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1. Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 斯蒂夫，你已经决定英语课写哪本书写哪

7、本书了吗？ 【解析解析】which book to write about 意为“写哪一本书” 此处为“疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。 Ex. I cant decide when to start. 我不能决定何时动身。 I am thinking about how to deal with the problem. 我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。 【拓展拓展】常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词 who, whom, what 及疑问副词及疑问副词 when, where 和和 how。 Ex. He taught me how t

8、o pronounce it. 他教我如何发音。 I didnt decide where to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。 ( )【2017 呼和浩特】Which dress do you like best, Madam? Sorry, I cant decide _ now. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it 2. It was really good, so I couldnt put it down. 它真的不错，因此我不想把它放下放下。 【解析解析】

9、put down 意为“记下；放下” ，为“动词动词+副词副词”型短语，宾语若为代词，应放在 put 与 down 中间。 Ex. Put down the new words ad the read them loud. 把生词记下来，然后大声读出来。 Put down your bag and take a rest. 把包放下，休息一会儿吧。 【拓拓展展】有关有关 put 的短语的短语： put up 搭起；张贴；举起 put out 扑灭；伸出 put off 推迟 put into 放进；翻译 put away 放好；存钱 put on 穿上 put back 放回；把（钟拨回） (

10、 )【2017 河北】_ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine. A. Cut down B. Look down C. Turn down D. Put down 3. The book report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后就要到期到期了。 【解析解析】due (1) adj. 意为“到期的；应付（给）的”意为“到期的；应付（给）的” ，通常与介词 to 连用。 be due to do sth. 预期做某事预期做某事 Ex. The bill is due. 这张票据已经到期。 You are

11、due to hand in your homework on Friday afternoon. 你应该在周五下午上交作业。 (2) due to 为固定短语，意为“由于；因为” ，后跟代词或名词。 Ex. He didnt come to school due to his illness. 他因生病没有来学校。 Her success was due to her hard work. 她的成功是因为她努力工作。 4. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他们中的一个一个人死了，另一个另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。 【

12、解析】【解析】onethe other与与 somethe others. 的辨析的辨析 (1) onethe other为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个另一个” 。 Ex. He has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a student. 他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是学生。 (2) some the others用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些其余的” 。 Ex. Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball, the others are playing footba

13、ll. 男孩们都在操场上，一些正打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。 ( )【2017 山东济宁】Lily and her sister look the same. I cant tell one from _. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 5. How long have they been here? 他们来这里来这里多久了。 【解析解析】have (has) been to, have (has) gone to 与与 have (has) been in 辨析辨析 (1) have/has gone to“到某地去” ，说话时该人不在现

14、场说话时该人不在现场。 Ex.Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England 他去英国了。 （尚未回来） (2) have/has been to“曾经去过某地” ，现在已不在那里了现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如 once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次” ，也可和 just，never，ever 等连用。 Ex. My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。 (3) have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆了多少时间” ，常与时间段状语连用。 Ex. I have be

15、en in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了 ( )1.【2017 江苏常州 1】Why are you worried? Im expecting a call from my daughter. She _ New for three days. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in ( )2.【2017 湖北孝感 1】Id like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia. Im sorry, but neither Jack

16、 nor I _ there. A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has gone ( )3.【2017 天津 2】Is Tom at home? No, he _ to town. A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go 6. Every time she is in the library , Sally looks at the many books she hasnt read yet and she cant wait to read them! 每次在图书馆，当萨利看到那些她没读过的书的时

17、候，她总是迫不及待地想要去迫不及待地想要去读它们。 【解析解析】cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事迫不及待地做某事 【复习复习】wait v. 等，等候，等待 waiter n. 侍者 Ex. Wait a moment! 等一等。 常见用法常见用法：(1) wait for 等候（后接名词、代词）等候（后接名词、代词）Ex. Please wait for me at the gate. (2) wait to do sth. 等着做某事等着做某事 Ex. They are waiting to see the movie. ( ) How nice the ice

18、cream looks! I _ taste it. A. at the moment B. cant wait to C. wait a moment D. wait my chance 7. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. 现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的，例如例如：金钱和成功的重要性，但它们不属于属于一种类型。 【解析【解析 1】such

19、as 意为： “例如，诸如此类的，像那样的”意为： “例如，诸如此类的，像那样的” Ex. I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语 【拓展】【拓展】such as 与与 for example 辨析：辨析： (1) such as 用来列举事物，后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。as 后不可以有逗号， 可以与 and so on 连用。 Ex. I like many kinds of sports, such as playing basketball, running and so on. 我喜欢许

20、多种运动，例如打篮球，跑步等。 (2) for example 意为用来举例说明，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 Ex. He, for example, is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。 【解析解析 2】belong v. 属于；归属属于；归属 用法：用法：sth. belong(s) to +sb.（不能用所有格） 某物属于某人 sth. belong(s) to +代词宾格（不能用物主代词） 某物属于某人 sth. belongs to sb. = sth is sb.s Ex. The yellow ca

21、r belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smiths. 注意：注意：belong to 不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。 ( )1.【甘肃兰州 2】Are these books _ ? No, they are not mine. They belong to _. A. your; her B. yours; her C. you; hers D. yours; she ( )2.【2017 黄冈】The French book must be Li Yings. Shes the

22、 only one whos studying French. A. belong to Li Yings B. belong to Li Ying C. belong Li Yings D. belong Li Ying 8. Country is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. 乡村音乐是来自美国南部的一种一种传统类型的音乐。 【解析解析】a kind of 此处为固定结构，后跟名词，意为“一种” Ex. An apple is a kind of fruit. 苹果是一种水果。 【拓展拓展】

23、与与 kind 有关的短语有关的短语： (1) kind of +adj. 有点，相当于有点，相当于 a little/a bit/a little bit Ex. I am kind of hungry. 我有点饿了。 (2) all kinds of+n. 各种各样的各种各样的 Ex. We have all kinds of time to finish the job. 我们有充足的时间完成这项任务。 (3) different kinds of+n. 不同种类的不同种类的 Ex. We have all kinds of books in a bookshop. 书店里有不同种类的书

24、籍。 (4) be kind to sb. 对某人友好对某人友好= be friendly to Ex. We must be kind to wild animals. 我们必须友好对待野生动物。 (5) what kind of .的种类的种类(用来询问事物的类别用来询问事物的类别) ( ) _ rice would you like? Small , please. A. What kind of B. What size C. What size of D. What size bowl of 9. Hes sold more than 120 million records. 他的唱

25、片销量已经超过 1.2 亿亿张。 【解析解析】million 一百万 hundred n. 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n. 千 thousands of 成千上万的 million n. 百万 millions of 成百万的 【注意注意】 ：(1) 当 million 前面有具体的数字时，million 用单数形式。 (2) 当 million 后与 of 连用时用复数形式，millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词 Ex. Three million workers planted millions of trees. 三百万工人种了成百万棵树。

26、( )1.【四川广元】Guangan is a beautiful city, isnt it? Yes, There are about two _ visitors here every week. A. thousands of B. thousands C. thousand ( )2.【2017 雅安】We planted _ trees last year. A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of ( )3.【2017 宜宾】“Food Safety” has become one of th

27、e hottest topics recently. Yeah, it receives _ Internet hits(点击) a day. A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands 10. Have you introduced this singer/ writer to other? 你给其他人介绍过介绍过这个歌手/作家吗？ 【解析【解析】introduce v. 介绍；引进介绍；引进 introduction n. 介绍介绍 用法用法：(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我

28、介绍 Ex. Let me introduce myself to you. 让我介绍一下自己。 (2) introduce A to B. 把 A 介绍给 B Ex. May I introduce my friend Jim to you? 我可以把我的朋友吉姆介绍给你吗？ (3) introduce into 引进 Ex. The scientists introduced into a new technology. 科学家们引进了一种新技术。 ( ) Hello ,everyone! Please let me _. A. introduce my name B. introduce

29、 myself C. to introduce myself D. introduce to myself 11. The number of records he has sold. 他已售出唱片的数量的数量。 【解析解析】the number of“的数量” ，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Ex. The number of visitors to Hong Kong is growing larger. 去香港的游客的数量在迅速增长。 【拓展拓展】the number of 与与 a number of 辨析：辨析： (1) the number of 表示 “的数量” ， 后跟复数名词

30、连用作主语时， 中心词是 number, 谓语动词用单数。 Ex. The number of students in our class is 30. 我们班学生数量是 30. (2) a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，相当于 many，修饰可数名词复数。作主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。number 前可用 large, small 等修饰。 Ex. A number of students are planting trees on the hill. 许多学生在小山上植树。 ( )1. A number of students _ in the dinning hall. L

31、et me count. The number of the students _ about 400. A. are ; is B. is ;are C. are; are ( )2.【2017 贵州安顺 1】In our school library there _ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger. A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is 五、重点语法五、重点语法 现在完成时现在完

32、成时 一、概念一、概念：一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在并有可能持续到将来。 表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、结构二、结构：have/has +过去分词 have/has been +过去分词 三、句型三、句型：肯定句肯定句：主语+have/has +过去分词+其他 Ex. The car has arrived. 否定句否定句：主语+have/has +not +过去分词+其他 Ex. The car hasnt arrived 一般疑问句一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 Ex. Has the car arrived? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：特殊

33、疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他 Ex. When has the car arrived? 四、动词过去分词的变化规则：四、动词过去分词的变化规则： （1）一般情况加-ed. （2）以不发音 e 结尾的，直接加-d. （3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变 y 为 i, 再加-ed. （4）重度闭音节单词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed. （5）不规则动词过去分词变化需特殊记忆。 五、用法五、用法： （1）常见的时间状语）常见的时间状语：recently, lately, so far, up to now, before, ever, never, already, yet, s

34、till 等；其中already 用于肯定句，ever 用于疑问句；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 【注意注意】yet / already 辨析辨析 already 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经” ，位于行为动词之前，be 动词、助动词之后。 Ex. We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。 yet 用于疑问句中表示“已经” ；用于否定句中，表示“还（没） ” 。 Ex.Has he found his watch yet? 他找到手表了吗？ No, not yet. 还没。 already 与与 yet 互换：互换：把含有 alread

35、y 的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，把 already 改为 yet， 并放于句末。 Ex. I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书。 I havent finished reading the book yet. 我还没有读完这本书。 （否定句） （2）for+一段时间一段时间 Ex. I have taught him English for three years. 我教他英语已经三年了。 （3）since+过去时间点过去时间点 Ex. I have taught him English since three years ag

36、o. 我三年前就在教他英语了。 （4）have been to &have gone to 用法辨析用法辨析 have been to 表示“过去去过而现在已经返回” ； have gone to 表示“某人去了某地（还没有回来） ” ； Ex. I have been to Wuhan and John has gone to Wuhan these days. 我去过武汉，约翰已经去武汉了。 （5）在现在完成时中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示延续的动作。 Ex. 我买这本书已经三天了。 I have borrowed this book for three days. () I have

37、 kept this book for three days. () 六、真题演练六、真题演练 ( )1.【2017 常州】Why are you worried? Im expecting a call from my daughter. She_ New York for three days. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in ( )2.【2017 娄底】What did you do last night? I _TV and read books. A. watch B. watched C. ha

38、ve watched ( )3.【2017 衡阳】Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought ( )4.【2017 宜昌】Do you know who took the students to the old peoples home, Tony? Well, Mr. Smith _. A. took B. does C. did D. do ( )5.【2017 孝感】Id like you to tell me som

39、ething about Shen Nongjia. Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there. A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has gone ( )6.【2017 襄阳】We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didnt you come? Because I _ that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch ( )7.【

40、2017 天津】Is Tom at home? No, he _ to town. A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go ( )8.【2017 雅安】He_ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married ( )9.【2017 杭州】Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. wer

41、e playing ( )10. 【2017 重庆】It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we _to bed too late A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone ( )11.【2017 成都】Jack, lets go to see the movie Harry Potter. Oh, I _ it many times. So I dont want to see it. A. have seen B. see C. will see ( )12.【2017 广州】Why dont you go to the movie with me, Betty? Because I _ it before. A. saw B. have seen C. see