新目标八年级英语下册Unit1知识点讲义

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1、U Unit 1 Whatnit 1 What s the matter? s the matter? 讲义讲义 一、词性转换一、词性转换 Section A 1. lie (pt.)lay 2. she (反身代词) herself 3. they(反身代词) themselves 4. passenger (pl.) passengers Section B 5. knife (pl.) knives 6. breathe (n.) breath 7. climber (V.) climb 8. death (v.) die 9. decision (v.) decide 10. impo

2、rtance (adj.)important 11. mean (pt.) meant二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. have a toothache 牙疼 2. talk too much 说得太多 3. drink enough water 喝足够的水 4. have a cold 受凉受凉;感冒感冒 5. have a stomachache 胃疼 6. have a sore back 背疼 7. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 8. lie down 躺下躺下 9. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 10. take ones temperature 量体温量体温

3、 11. in the same way 以同样的方式 12. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 13. shout for help 大声呼救 14. without thinking twice 没有多想没有多想 15. have a heart problem 有心脏病 16. to ones surprise 使使.惊讶的惊讶的 17. thanks to 多亏了多亏了 ；由于；由于 18. in time 及时及时 19. save a life 挽救生命 20. get into trouble 造成麻烦 21. because of 由于由于 22.

4、 hurt oneself 受伤 23. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 24. feel sick 感到恶心 25. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 26. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 27. have problems in breathing 呼吸困难 28. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事习惯做某事 29. run out (of) 用完用完;用尽用尽 30. be in control of 掌管掌管;管理管理 31. in a difficult situation 在困境中 32. keep on doing

5、sth. 继续或坚持做某事继续或坚持做某事 33. make a decision 做出决定做出决定 34. take risks 冒险冒险 35. give up 放弃放弃 一、一、 句型集萃句型集萃 1. need to do sth. 需要去做某事 2. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 3. ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事 4. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 5. agree to do sth. 统一做某事 6. help sb. to (do) sth. 帮助某人做某事 7. want to do sth. 想要做某事

6、8. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 9. have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 10. be/get used to do sth. 习惯于做某事 11. use sth. to do sth. 用某物去做某事 12. seem to do sth. 好像做某事 13. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 14. mind doing sth. 介意做某事 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1. Whats the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？ 【解析】【解析】matter n.问题；事情，常用于句型 Whats t

7、he matter(with sb. )中。用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。 Ex. Whats the matter with you? I have a bad cold. 其他类似表达还有： What s the matter with sb.? = Whats the trouble with sb.? = What s wrong with sb.? matter 和 trouble 为名词，其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词， wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the ( )【2017 湖北孝感】_? I have a headache and I dont feel

8、like eating anything. A. How are you B. What can I do for you C. Whats the matter with you D. How do you like it 【拓展】【拓展】matter 可作不及物动词，意为“要紧；有关系” 常见用法常见用法：It doesnt matter. 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语） ( )【2017 湖北武汉】Im very sorry. I broke your tea cup. _. A. It doesnt matter B. Youd better not C. Take it eas

9、y D. Its too bad 2. I have a cold. 我感冒了感冒了。 I have a stomachache. 我患胃痛。 I have a sore back. 我背痛。 【解析【解析 1】have a cold. 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词疾病名词 “患患病病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothac

10、he 患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache 患背痛 ( )1. 【2017 曲靖中考】I didnt sleep well last night, because I _ a toothache. A. was B. went C. had D. took ( )2. 【2017 山东莱芜】Tony, Whats _ matter with you? I have _ toothache. A. a; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 【解析【解析 2】back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面

11、go/come back 返回 give back 归还 3. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多太多了并且没有喝足够的足够的水。 【解析【解析 1】too much/too many/much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days 修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There

12、are too many things for me to do every day. much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 Its much too cold in winter. ( ) 1. Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too ( )2. 【2017 孝感】Why are you so tired these days? Well, I have _ homework to

13、do. A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too 【解析解析 2】enough 的用法的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 Ex. enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”修饰 adj./adv,放在 adj./adv 后 Ex. expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth. Ex. be strong enough to carry the box. ( ) 1. The boy isnt _ to dress himself

14、. A. old enough B. enough old C. old ( ) 2. What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _ , but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored 4. You need to take break away fro

15、m the computer. 你需要需要远离电脑，休息休息。 【解析】【解析】need 在此处作实义动词，意为“需要” ， 后可接名词、 代词、动名词及带 to 的动词不定式作宾语。 need 作实义动词用法作实义动词用法： (1) need sth. 需要某物; Ex. I need your help. (2) 人做主语: sb. need to do sth. 某人需要做某事 Ex. Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语: sth. need doing sth. = sth. need to be done Ex. My TV set n

16、eeds repairing. 1. I need to come (come) to the office quickly because some work need finishing (finish) at once. ( ) 2. David needs _ a good rest. A. has B. to have C. have D. having 【拓展】【拓展】need 作情态动词作情态动词，意为“需要，必须” ，无人称和数的变化，否定式为 neednt, 后面一般接动作原形。 Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ Yes,

17、 you need./ No, you neednt. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 5. At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午 9:00 , 26 路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老看见一位老人躺在马路上人躺在马路上。 【解析解析】see （saw, seen） v. 看见 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动

18、作发生） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生） ( )1.【2017 四川雅安市】Andy prefers _ books to _ TV. A. reading; watching B. read; watch C. looking; seeing D. look; see ( ) 2.【2017 湖北黄石】Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once. A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell

19、 D. walking; talking 6. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是令他吃惊的是,所有的乘客都同意同意和他一起去医院。 【解析【解析 1】surprise (1) v. 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的吃惊的 surprise sb. 使某人吃惊 Ex. The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth. 做某事而感到惊讶 (2) n. 惊

20、讶 常见搭配有：to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 1. To my surprise(使我吃惊的是） ，he got the first prize in the exam. 2. We are surprised at the surprising news.(surprise) ( ) 3. _his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain. A. At B. To C. In D. On ( ) 4.【2017 山东东营 4】The fans were _ to kn

21、ow the death of their favorite singing star. A. glad B.angry C. excited D. surprised 【解析【解析 2】agree v. (反)disagree agreement n. 同意 (1) agree with sb. 同意某人 Ex. I agree with you. (2) agree to do sth. 同意做某事 1. Do you agree with him? No, I dont agree (agree ) with him. ( ) 2. I think English is more use

22、ful than Chinese. I dont _ you. They are both useful. A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with 7. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于习惯于冒险。 【解析】【解析】be used to (doing)习惯于（做） ；适应于（做习惯于（做） ；适应于（做） 【用法用法】(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 常用词组：use up 用完 (2) use

23、sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 Ex. We use Internet to find (find) information. (3) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 Ex. I used to get up at six. (4) be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 Ex. My grandpa is used to living (live) in country. (5) be used to do sth.

24、 被用来做某事被用来做某事=be used for doing sth. Ex. Stamps are used to post (post) letters. 【记记】He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。 ( )【2017 湖北随州】How does Jack usually go to work? He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight. A. used to; is use

25、d to walk B. was used to; is used to walking C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking 8. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 然后， 他用左手给自己绑上绷带， 以至于以至于不流太多的血。 【解析】【解析】so that 以便，为了以便，为了 引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句, 从句常出现情态动词 may/ might .can/

26、 could 等 Ex. The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly. 为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句) ( ) 【2017 广东河源】The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. when 9. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even

27、 after this experience. 他是如此的如此的热爱爬山以至于以至于经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续继续爬山。 【解析解析 1】so that 如此.以至 “so +adj.+ that” “如此以至” 引导结果状语从句, so 后面接形容词、副词 Ex. He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. ( )【2017 江苏镇江】Some word puzzles in this book are _ difficult that _ students can solve them. A. such; few B. such;

28、 little C. so; few D. so; little 【解析【解析 2】 keep on (doing sth.) 继续或坚持做某事 ,但是中间有间断 We must keep on working hard in the coming new year. 10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision, and of being in control of ones life. 在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。 【解析【解析 1】 important adj.

29、 重要的（反）unimportant importance n 重要性 My parents have taught me the importance (.的重要性)of working hard. 【解析【解析 2】decide v. 决定-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth,= make up ones mind to do sth. 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定 1.Tom decided to study (study) English well. 2.The next morning Alice made a decisi

30、on (decide).She would tell her mother the truth. ( ) 3.【四川南充】The classroom was so dirty . I decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it 五、重点语法五、重点语法 1. 情态动词情态动词 should 的用法的用法 (1) should 是情态动词是情态动词，意为“应该；应当” ，否定式为否定式为 shouldnt， 其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。should not=shouldnt 不应该 主语主语+should/shoul

31、dnt +动词原形动词原形 You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息一会儿。 You shouldnt go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 You shouldnt watch TV. 你不应该看电视。 (2) should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ ( )【2017 山西】A country has dream

32、s. We teenagers _ also have dreams. A. may B. must C. should 2. 反身代词反身代词 （1）反身代词的意义：）反身代词的意义：表示反射或强调自己的代词叫反身代词，意为“自己，本身” ；为加强语气，常译为“亲自” 。 （2）反身代词的构成：）反身代词的构成： 第一人称、第二人称的反身代词：形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成 单数 myself yourself 复数 ourselves yourselves 第三人称的反身代词：第三人称宾格+self/selves 单数： himself herself itself 复数：

33、 themselves （3）反身代词的用法）反身代词的用法 作宾语 Ex. He fell down and hurt himself. 他摔到了，伤了自己。 We should take care of ourselves. 我们应该照顾好我们自己。 作表语 Ex. Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 作主语或宾语的同位语，加强语气 Ex. She herself will fly to London tomorrow. (主语同位语) You may go and ask the teacher himself. (宾语同位语) （4）反身代词常见搭配：）反身代词常见搭

34、配： enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 （5）注意：反身代词必须与人称保持一致。）注意：反身代词必须与人称保持一致。 人 称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves ( )1.【浙江温州】Il

35、l have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. Believe in _ . Youre the best in our club. A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself ( )2.【2017 山东聊城】 Jim, please help _ to some bread . Thank you. A. himself B. yourself C. herself D. myself 真题演练：真题演练： ( )1.【2017 江苏宿迁】Peter enjoyed at his bi

36、rthday party last night. A. he B. him C. himself D. his ( ) 2.【09 连云港】Im afraid Ill fail in this exam. Come on, Philip. You must believe in _. A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself ( )3.【2017 福建晋江】Who teaches _English? No one. I teach _. A. you; myself B. your; myself C. you; me ( )4.【2017 江苏盐

37、城】How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing? Wonderful! We enjoyed very much. A. itself B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves ( )5.【2017 江苏苏州】I dont care what my teachers think. Well, you_. A. could B. would C. should D. might ( )6.【2017 江西南昌】一 How was the youth club last night, Mark? 一 It was

38、great fun. You _ come. A. must B. can C. should D. may ( )7. 【2017 哈尔滨】 In order to speak English better, we be afraid of losing face. Because the most important thing is to practice. Remember, practice makes perfect. A. should B. shouldnt C. have to ( )8.【2017 安徽】You _ drive your car so fast. Its very dangerous. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mightnt