新目标八年级英语下册Unit3知识点讲义

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1、U Unit 3 nit 3 Could you please clean your room?Could you please clean your room?讲义讲义 一、词性转换一、词性转换 Section A 1. sweep (pt.)swept 2. throw (pt.) threw 3. fold (pt.) folded Section B 1. lend (pt.) lent 2. hate (pt.) hated 3. stress (v.) stress 4. waste (v.) waste 5. provide (pt.) provided 6. depend (p

2、t.)depended 7. independence (adj.) independent 8. fairness (adj.) fair 9. unfair (反义词)fair 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. do the dishes 洗餐具 2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾倒垃圾 3. fold your clothes 叠衣服 4. sweep the floor 扫地 5. make your/the bed 整理床铺 6. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 7. throw down 扔下扔下 8. in surprise 惊讶地惊讶地 9. h

3、ang out 闲逛闲逛 10. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事讨厌做某事 11. do chores 做杂务做杂务 12. enough stress 足够的压力 13. in order to 为了为了 14. provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物向某人提供某物 15. get good grades取得好成绩16. mind doing sth. 介意做某事 17. depend on 依赖依赖;依靠依靠 18. look after 照顾，照看 19. keep it clean and tidy 保持它干净整洁 20. get into 进入进入 21

4、. take care of 照顾 22. as a result 结果结果 23. do one s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事做某人分内的事 24. get a ride 搭车 25. stay out late 在外面待到很晚在外面待到很晚 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1. Could you please help out with a few things? 你能帮忙做些事情吗？ 2.Mom will be back from shopping at any minute now. And she wont be happy if she sees th

5、is mess. 妈妈现在随时都会购物回来，如果她看到这些一团糟，会不高兴的。 3.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 当我坐在电视机前时，我妈妈过来了。 4. I finally understand that we need to share homework to have a clean and comfortable home. 我最终明白我们需要分担家务，以便拥有一个干净舒适的家。 5.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help w

6、ith homework and chores at home. 我不明白为什么一些父母要让他们的孩子在家帮忙做家务。 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 我刚坐刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。 【解析解析 1】the minute = as soon as “一“一. 就就.” Ex. Please write to me the minute you get there. 你一到那里就请写信给我。 【解析解析 2】 辨析辨析 in front of 和和 in the fr

7、ont of in front of：指在物体外部的前面 Ex. There is a bike in front of the classroom. in the front of：指在物体内部的前面 Ex. Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. 1. The driver sat in the front of he car. 2. The policeman stood in front of the car. 3. The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom

8、. 4. The trees are in front of the classroom. ( ) 5. At last the taxi stopped _ a tall building, and we all got off. A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of 【注意】【注意】有 the 无 the 区别大: at table：吃饭，进餐 in hospital：住院 at the table：在桌边 in the hospital：在医院（不一定看病） 【解析解析 3】come over 过来过来

9、 【拓展拓展】 come 短语短语： come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出 come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快,加油 come along 走吧,过来,快点 come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 ( )1. I am sure those scientists will _ a way to solve the difficult problem

10、. A. put up B. come up with C. look up D. come up ( )2. It is said that a new novel will _ at the end of this month. A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out 2. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！ 【解析解析】all the time = always 一直；总是一直；总是 【拓展拓展】与与 time 相

11、关的短语相关的短语： on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time 同时 form time to time 偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时 time and time again 一再；经常 last time 上次 next time 下次 ( )1.We all know that the earth moves around the sun _. A. on time B. at times C. all the time D. in time ( ) 2.【山东东营】Tom didnt go to school _

12、this morning because he overslept. A. at once B. on time C. by accident D. at present 3. Im just as tired as you are! 我和和你一样累一样累！ 【解析解析】as.as . 和和.一样一样. 用于同级比较。 第一个 as 后接形容词或副词原级，第二个 as 为连词，引导比较状语从句。否定形式为 not as/soas 意为“不如” Ex. My son is as tall as yours. 我儿子和你儿子一样高。 Lesson 2 is not as difficult as

13、Lesson 1. 第二课没有第一课那么难。 ( ) 1. 【2017 山东临沂】 When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as _ as possible. A. quickly B. quietly C. loudly D. slowly ( ) 2.【2017 玉林】Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as bett

14、er as D. as the best as 4. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做我也不做。 【解析解析】 “neither + 助动词助动词/系动词系动词/情态动词情态动词 + 主语主语” 表示： “某人 （主语） 也不” neither 此处用作副词，意为“也不” 。 Ex. He doesnt like swimming and neither do I. 他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。 He cant speak German, neither can I.

15、 他不会说德语，我也不会。 用法用法： （1）neither 作代词，意为“两者都不” ，谓语动词用单数作代词，意为“两者都不” ，谓语动词用单数。 Ex. Neither of my parents is at home. 我父母亲两个都不在家。 （2）neither 作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“两者都不得” 。作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“两者都不得” 。 Ex. Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。 （3）neither nor 既不也不既不也不 连接两个词做主语，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词由后一个主语确定。 Ex. Neither Tom nor Ji

16、m is a student. 汤姆和提姆都不是学生。 Neither you nor I am right. 你不对，我也不对。 ( )1.【2017 潍坊】I have two sisters, but _of them is a teacher. A. all B. neither C. both D. none ( )2.【2017 常州中考】He speaks _English _French. Instead, he speaks German. A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor ( )3.Wh

17、ich do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman? _. I prefer a portable computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither 5. The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁发现房间很干净、整洁。 【解析】解析】find found found v.寻找寻找 (1) find sth. + adj. 发现某物 find+宾语+宾语补足语 (2

18、) find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 (3) find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很 it 为形式宾语 Ex. find it difficult/ hard to do sth. 发现做某事很困难 ( ) She found _ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. its C. it D. this 6. Could I borrow that book? 我能借借下你那本书看吗？ Could you lend me some money? 你能借借我一些钱吗？ 【解析解析】borr

19、ow /lend/keep 辨析辨析 (1) borrow 借入，与 from 连用，尤指主语“借进来” 用法：borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借某物 Ex. You can borrow the book from the library. (2) lend 借出，与 to 搭配，指“借出去” 。 用法：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 Ex. He doesnt want to lend his book to others. (3) keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）指“借一段时间” 。 1. I

20、 want to borrow a bike from my friend but he didnt lend it to me. ( ) 2.【宁夏中考】You may _ the book for two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy ( ) 3.【西宁中考】Although you like the book, you may only _ it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay. 7. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务我讨厌做家务。 【解析解析】hat

21、e to do sth. 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 Ex. I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth.不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 Ex. She hates smoking in her room. 8. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？ 【解析解析】invite v. invitation n.邀请 用法用法：(1) invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 (2) invite sb. to +地点地点 邀请某人去某地 ( ) 1.

22、Id invite her _ dinner at my house tomorrow. A. have B. to have C. having D. had ( ) 2.【2017 江西中考 4】Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with here. A. practice B. practice C. practicing D. to practice 9. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and

23、 chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。 【解析【解析】make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 用法用法：(1) make sb./sth. do sth. 让某人做某事 Ex. make me laugh (2) make sb./sth. + 形容词“让某人或某物” Ex. make you happy 【拓展拓展】make 短语: make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话 make a mistake 犯错误(由于疏忽) make fun of = laugh at 取笑 mak

24、e faces 做鬼脸 make friends (with)和.交朋友 make room for 给.让地方 make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱 make a decision 作出决定 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 ( )【2017 湖北鄂州】Im very tired these days because of the senior high school entrance examination. Why not _ music? It can make you _. A. listen to; relaxed B. to li

25、sten to; relaxed C. listen to; relax D. to listen to; to relax 10. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在把时间用在学习上上。 【解析解析 1】spend. on sth. 在某事上花费. spend/pay/cost/take 辨析辨析 (1) spendspentspent v. 花费, 主语是人 sb.+ sp

26、end +时间/钱+on sth. sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sth. spend on= pay for 支付 Ex. He spends too much time on the computer games. (2) pay paid paid v. 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth. Ex. I pay 10 yuan for the book. (3) cost cost cost v. 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth. cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 Ex. A new computer costs me a lot

27、of money. (4) taketook taken v. 花费 It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 Ex. It takes him 3 hours to do his homework. ( )1. I _ 10 yuan for that book. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. take ( )2. Jim spent two hours _ that house. A. to draw B. draws C. draw D. drawing ( )3. Remember to spend

28、 some time _ your loved ones, because theyre not going to be around forever. A. from B. with C. in D. on ( ) 4. How much did you _ for this computer? Five hundred dollars. A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay ( ) 5.【2017 四川雅安】I spent $5 this book. A. in B. to buy C. buying D. Buy 【解析解析 2】in order to “目的是

29、；为了目的是；为了” ，后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事 【解析解析 3】get into =enter 进入 【拓展拓展】与与 get 相关的短语：相关的短语： get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed 穿衣 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of 从出来 get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get a chance 有机会、得到机会 get/go to

30、sleep(fall asleep)入睡 ( )1. So many problems! Im tired. You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer. A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get over ( ) 2.【2017 新疆乌鲁木齐】If Ted can _ his difficulties, hell make great progress. A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out 11. It i

31、s the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。 【解析解析】provide v. 提供提供 provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物 =provide sth. for sb. provide, offer, supply 辨析：辨析： provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给” provide sb. with sth. =provide sth.

32、 for sb.提供某人某物 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予” offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 对某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出干某事 supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 ( )1. Could you please provide us _ some information about the students health? Of course, its my pleasure. A. to B. of C. f

33、rom D. with ( ) 2.【2017 山东东营】The local people like that Italian restaurant because it _ both delicious food and good service. A. uses B. wants C. shares D. provides 12. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家

34、务是很重要的是很重要的。 【解析解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的 ( )【2017 四川雅安】It is important _ people _ learn team spirit. A. of; of B. of; to C. for; to D. to;to 13. Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。 【解析解析 1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分 do ones part in doin

35、g sth. 在做某事上尽职责 【解析解析 2】keep 系动词， “保持”系动词， “保持” 用法用法：(1) keep +sth. /sb. +adj. “使.处于某种状态” (2) keep + adj . “保持；继续” Ex. We must keep healthy. (3) keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 Ex. He was in great pain but he kept on working. (4) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 Ex. Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.

36、1. You should keep (on) practicing English every day. (practice) 2. We should do exercises every day to keep healthy.(保持健康) 14. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。 【解析解析】develop independence 培养独立意识 develop

37、v. development n.发展发展 developing adj. 发展的发展的 developed adj. 发达的发达的 Ex. a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家 Ex. China is a developing country. 15. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。 【解析解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ” (

38、 ) 1.【2017 重庆】The more you smile, the _ you will feel. A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happily ( )2.【2017 黔西南】Remember this, children. _careful you are ,_mistakes you will make. We know, Mr. Li . A. The more; the more B.The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less 三、三、 重点语

39、法重点语法 情态动词情态动词 could 的用法：的用法： 原文再现原文再现： Tony, could you please help me out with a few things? 托尼，你可以帮着做几件事情吗？ Peter, could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？ 以上例句中， 情态动词 could 用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许， 在时间上与 can 没有区别， 语气要比 can委婉、有礼貌。回答时要用 can，不能用 could. 肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certain

40、ly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cant ( )Could you help me pass the book? _. A. I am sorry B. No, I couldnt C. Yes, I could. D. Sure. Here you are. 【复习复习】could 的其他用法的其他用法： (1) could 为为 can 的过去式，表示能力。的过去式，表示能力。 Ex. Could the girl read before she went to school? 这个女孩上学前能识字吗？ He said that he couldnt com

41、e. 他说不能来了。 (2) could 可以表建议，意为“可以” ，可以表建议，意为“可以” ， 在时间上与 can 没有区别，语气比 can 更加委婉。没有人称和数的变化，其后直接跟动词原形。 Ex. We could help them clean the classroom. 我们可以帮助他们打扫教室。 You could try your best to help the old people. 你可以尽力去帮助老人。 六、真题演练六、真题演练 ( ) 1.【2017 重庆】Hurry up, or you _catch the train. A. cant B. neednt C.

42、 mustnt D. shouldnt ( )2.【山西中考】The talented boy _ write lyrics(歌词) when he was at the age of ten. A. may B. could C. must ( )3.【2017 湖北黄冈】Whos the man over there? Is it Mr. Black? It _ be him. Hes much taller. A. may not B. cant C. will not D. mustnt ( )4.【2003 武汉】Could I look at your pictures？ Yes,

43、 of course you_. A. could B. can C. will D. might ( )5. 【2002 北京市海淀区】 _you pass me a pen？Id like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should ( )6.【2017 呼和浩特】_ I try on those shoes in the window? _. They are just on show. A. Could; Yes, you can. B. Can; Sorry, you couldnt.

44、C. Could; Sorry, you cant. D. Can; Yes, you could. ( )7.【2017 贵州黔东南】Could you please sweep the floor? _. I am busy babysitting my sister. A. Sorry, you cant B. Yes, sure. C. Yes, I can. D. Sorry, I can t. ( )8.【2017 湖北黄冈】Could I borrow your camera? _, but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks