新目标八年级上英语Unit2知识点讲义

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1、第 1 页 共 9 页 Unit2. How often do you exercise? 讲义讲义 一、词型转换一、词型转换 Section A 1. ever (反义词) never 2. shop (现在分词) shopping 3. full (反义词) empty 4. read (pt.) read Section B 1. active (n.) activity (v.)act 2. health (adj.) healthy (反义词) unhealthy 3. body (pl.) bodies 4. die (pt.) died 5. write (n.表人) write

2、r 6. keep (pt.) kept (pp.) kept 7. little (比较级) less (最高级) least 8. though (同义词) although二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. how often 多久一次多久一次 2. help with housework 帮忙做家务 3. watch television 看电视看电视 4. on weekends 在周末 5. go to the movies 去看电影 6. hardly ever 几乎不；不曾几乎不；不曾 7. once a day 每天一次 8. twice a week 每周两次 three ti

3、mes a month 每月三次 9. use the Internet 上网 10. have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 11. play tennis 打网球 12. at least 至少，不少于至少，不少于 13. junk food 垃圾食品垃圾食品 14. drink milk 喝牛奶 15.swing dance 摇摆舞摇摆舞 16.go online 上网上网 17. three or four times a week 一周三到四次 18. be good for 对对有好处有好处 19. go camping in the count

4、ry 去乡下露营 20. play sports 做运动 21. one to three times a week 一周一至三次 22. such as 例如例如，像这样，像这样 23. fifteen percent of our students 我们百分之十五的学生我们百分之十五的学生 24. go to the dentist 去看牙医 25. more than 多于多于 26. less than 少于少于 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1.How come?=Why？ 为什么呢？怎么会呢？ 2.ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 3.the answer to th

5、e question 问题的答案 4.notat all 根本不 5.be full of 充满的 6. be good for+名词./代词 对某人/某物有好处 7.be good to+名词/ 代词 对某人/ 某物好（和善、慈爱） 第 2 页 共 9 页 8.be good with 和相处得好 9.although 虽然（不可以与 but 连用） 四四、难点讲练难点讲练 1.How often do you exercise？ 你多久锻炼你多久锻炼 一次？一次？ （1） how often表示 “多久一次” 。 用来询问动作的频率。 其答语通常是once a day, often, us

6、ually, every day, never, sometimes, three times a week 等。 e.g. How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？ -How often does he eat vegetables?他多长时间吃一次蔬菜？ -Every day.每天。 【拓展】与 how 有关的短语：how far(距离)多远；how long(时间)多长；how many 多少(只可接可数名词的复数形式)； how much 多少 （只可接不可数名词） ； how soon(时间)多久后 （事情还要过多久才发生） ； how old(年龄)

7、多大。 (2)exercise 做动词时，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 e.g. She exercises two or three times a week. 她一周锻炼两三次。 She exercises the dog every day. 每天她都遛狗。 【拓展】exercise 作名词时，意为“锻炼；运动”时是不可数名词，意为“体操；练习”时是可数名词。 e.g. I should eat less food and take more exercise. 我应该少吃饭，多锻炼。 I have lots of exercises to do. 我有很多练习要完成。 Ex 1.

8、_ is Lucky 52 shown on CCTV-2? Every week. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many times 2. Tina _ three times a week. She is very healthy. A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising 3.【09 湛江】-_will the new school be finished? -In two years. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon 4.【09

9、 河南】- _ have you stayed in New York? - For about two weeks. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far 2.next week is quite full for me, Jack? 1)full“完整的，满的” ，做表语或修饰名词作定语。quite full “非常满” 。 此外，常用于 be full of结构，意为“充满的” 。 e.g.：这个篮子满了，请把苹果放在另一个篮子里吧。 This basket is full. Put apples in another baske

10、t, please. 2) full 也可以表示“吃饱了的” 。 第 3 页 共 9 页 e.g.：我不能再吃了，我饱了。 I cant eat any more. Im full. Ex. The bag is too _. I cant put the pencil box in it. A. heavy B. full C. light D. empty 3.How come?怎么了？怎么了？ 为什么？为什么？ How come?常用于口语，相当于 Why?既可独立使用，也可在其后接句子，用来询问事情的缘由或状况。 e.g.今天天怎么会这么蓝？How come the sky is so

11、 blue today? 你今天早晨迟到了一小时，怎么回事？ You were an hour late this morning, how come? 4. But my mother wants me to drink it. She says its good for my health. 但是我妈妈要我喝。她说牛奶对我但是我妈妈要我喝。她说牛奶对我的健康有好处。的健康有好处。 1) be good for 意为“对有益，对有好处”，后接表示人或事物的代词或名词。 其反义词组为 be bad for, 意为“对有害”。 e.g. 读书对你有好处。 Reading books is goo

12、d for you. 吃太多肉对你并没有好处。Eating too much meat isnt good for you. 吸烟有害健康。 Smoking is bad for your health. 【拓展】be good to sb. 对好（和善） ；be good at 擅长，善于 +名词、代词或动名词。 Be good with sb. 和相处得好。 Ex. 1)Playing computer games too much is bad _ your eyes. A. at B. for C. to D. in 2)【2017 南充】Practicing in groups is

13、 good _ us to learn English. A. at B. in C. for 3)Enough sleep _ health. If you stay up for your favorite TV programs, you will feel sleepy. A. is good for B. is good at C. is good to D. does well in 5. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.虽然许多学生喜欢观看体虽然许多学生喜欢观

14、看体育节目，但游戏类节目确是最受欢迎的。育节目，但游戏类节目确是最受欢迎的。 Although 连词， “虽然，尽管” ，引导让步状语从句。=though ；两个形式都不可以与 but 连用，即用了although/though 就不可以同时用 but，不过可以与 yet/still 连用。 e.g. 尽管这量小车旧了，但是依然跑得不错。 Although the car is old, it still runs well. = The car is old, but it still runs well. 第 4 页 共 9 页 虽然已经过半夜 12 点了，但我却不想睡觉。 I dont

15、want to go to bed, although its past midnight. = Its past midnight, but I dont want to go to bed. Ex. 【2017 南京】They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing _ they may fail. A. if B. although C. unless D. until 【2017 南京】_ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face. A. Becau

16、se B. If C. Until D. Though 【2017 丽水】Good friends are like stars. You dont always see them, _ you know they are there. A. as B. but C. for D. then 6.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式

17、是通过锻炼。通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。 1）Its good to do sth. 意为“做某事好”，它是“Its+adj.+to do sth.”句型的一种形式。 e.g. Its good to run in the morning. 早上跑步是好的。 学好英语是很重要的。 Its important to study English well. 2）the best way to do sth.意为“做 某事最好的方法”，也可表达为 the best way of doing sth. e.g. I have a good way to dea

18、l with the problem. 我有一个处理这个问题的好方法。 3）by 作介词，表示“通过某种方式”。 e.g. By working hard he mad e great progress. 通过努力学习，他取得了很大的进步。 He earns his living by writing. 他靠写作为生。 4）through 经过,通过;借着;经由;因为;在一带；在之间；结束，完成。 e.g.：我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场。 We walked through the market to the truck park. 小偷是通过这扇窗户进来的。The thief got in t

19、hrough the windows. 他靠努力工作而致富。He became rich through hard work. Ex. 1. It is very important for us _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 2. its very nice _ you _my parents your best wishes. A. of, sending B. of, to send C. for, to send D. for, sending 3. I often have hamburgers

20、 for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 4.【2017 杭州】It is really cool to realize your dream _ great effort. 第 5 页 共 9 页 A. through B. of C. till D. about 7.We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. 我们发现学生中每天仅有百分

21、之十我们发现学生中每天仅有百分之十五的人每天锻炼。五的人每天锻炼。 1）we found that 是一个宾语从句。 Find 意为“发现，发觉” 。 Find 句式： find it +adj. +to do 我感到旅行的时候有必要带一张地图。I find it necessary to take a map while traveling. find sb. doing 他们发现她独自走在海滩上。 They found her walking alone on the beach. 2)percent 做名词 “百分之” 当表示整体中的一部分的时候，其结构为“数词+percent of +

22、名词” ，意为“当中的百分之” ， 通常， of 后面的名词为特指， 会带有定冠词或表示特定的限定词 （his, her, these, those 等） e.g.：这些苹果当中 10%是坏的。 Ten percent of the apples are bad. Percent 用作形容词时，表示“百分之的” ，此时，直接用于名词前作定语，不能与 of 连用。 e.g.：天才是 10%的灵感加上 90%的勤奋。 Genius is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration. Ex. 1. She is richer than 90 _ her neighbor

23、s. A. percent B. percents C. percents for D. percent of 【2017 绥化】_ of his works were written in his _. A. One-third; fifties B. One-third; fifty C. One- thirds; fifties 8. Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.比如运动就非常有趣，你可以和家

24、人朋友一起玩。比如运动就非常有趣，你可以和家人朋友一起玩。 1）such as 意为“比如，例如” ，指列举同类人或事物中的几个例子(至少两个)。 e.g.：我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。 I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 拓展：for example “例如” ，单独做状语，前后用逗号隔开，后面一般加一个具体的例子。 like “例如” ，后面可以加多个列举的例子。 2）spend“度过，花费（时间，金钱） ” ， sb. spend some time/ money on sth. =sb. spend some t

25、ime/ money in doing sth. Pay “支付” sb. pay some money for sth. Money 可以省略，构成 pay for 短语。 Take “花费” it take sb. some time to do sth. 第 6 页 共 9 页 Cost “花费” it cost sb. some money to do sth. e.g.：你不应该花太多时间看电视。 You cant spend too much time on TV. = in watch television. Ex. I like to eat fruit, _ bananas,

26、 apples, oranges and pears. A. such as B. for example C. the same as D. etc. 【2017 齐齐哈尔】34. It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play 【2017 雅安】81. I spent $5 _ this book. A. in B. to buy C. buying D. buy 【2017 荆州】86. It usually _ Mum about half an hour to cook sup

27、per. A. pays B. takes C. spends D. costs 【2017 白银】100. Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents. A. spends B. costs C. takes D. affords 9. However, she has some bad habits, too. 然而她也有一些坏习惯。然而她也有一些坏习惯。 however 意为“可是，然而，不过” 。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 e.g. Sh

28、e was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。 然而，我们现在不需要讨论此事。 We dont need to discuss it now, however. 辨析：辨析：but 和和 however but “然而，但是” 。 可直接连接前后两个句子，表转折关系。 However “然而，但是” 。 不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。 Ex. 【2017 江苏徐州】14. Weve got no coffee. Lets have tea _. A. either B. however C. yet D. inste

29、ad 2.The little boy is only six years old, _, he can write novels. A. so B. but C. however D. if 10.but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.但是我们惊讶的是他们中但是我们惊讶的是他们中 90%每天都上网。每天都上网。 Be surprised 后加 that 从句， “对很惊讶” ； 拓展： be surprised at sth.对某事感到惊讶； be surprised to d

30、o sth. 对做某事感到很惊讶。 To ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是 in surprise 惊奇地 e.g. 我很惊讶你是唯一那样想的人。 Im surprised that you are the only person to think in that way. 第 7 页 共 9 页 Ex. All the students were _ at the _ news. A. surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprising D. surprising; surprised Jo

31、hn turned round and looked at him _. A. surprising B. in surprise C. at surprised D. to his surprise 11. less than 和和 more than Less than +数词 表示“不足，不到” More than+数词 表示“超过” ，相当于 over； +名词 表示“不仅仅” ； +形容词 表示“非常” ； 其中 less 和 more 分别是 little 和 much/many 的比较级。 e.g.：我花了不足 10 元钱买了这本书。 I spend less than 10 y

32、uan buying this book. 他不仅仅是一名教师，还是一名歌唱演员。 He is more than a teacher. He is also a singer. Ex. 找出能替换划线部分的词。 There are over two thousand students in this school. A. about B. more than C. less than D. almost 【2017 黄冈】70. How far is Yuhua Middle School from here? Its around five minutes walk. A. about B

33、. over C. more than D. less than 12. -How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视你多久看一次电视 -Twice a week. 一周两次。一周两次。 Once 表示“一次” ，twice 表示“两次” 。三次及三次以上一般用“基数词+times”来表示。如： “六次”应该写成 six times, “八次”应该写成 eight times。 Ex.【2017 宜昌】-How often do you watch TV? -_. A. Twice B. Once a week C. Three times in a week D.

34、 In the evening 【2017 铜仁】124. _ do you go to the library? Twice a week. A .How soon B. How much C. How often D. How far 13.die v.死亡死亡 为短暂性动词。其现在分词为 dying, 过去分词为 died. 形容词为 dead， 名词为 death。 注意：die 为短暂性动词，若后面为一段时间，则不能用动词 die，只能用形容词 be dead 来表达； die 用于进行时表示“即将死去” 。 e.g. 她奶奶七十岁去世的。 Her grandma died at t

35、he age of 70. 雷锋虽然死了很多年，但死亡并不能把他从人们的心中带走。 Lei Feng was dead for many years. But death cant bring him away from peoples heart. 第 8 页 共 9 页 Ex. 【2017 四川达州】30. Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has_ for about a month since she_ in the accident. A. been dead; was killed

36、B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed 【2017 四川雅安市】18. The lamb _ for quite some time. A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead 五、五、语法归纳语法归纳 :频度副词频度副词 1. 概念 :频度副词是用来表示动作发生频率的词，常用来表示不确定时间，主要包括 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, seldom, never 等，如果表示具体频度次数，可采用次数加单位

37、时间。 once a week 一周一次 twice a month 每月两次 2. 常用频度副词的区别 (1) always 意为“总是，永远”，表示频度最高。 (2) usually 意为“通常”，即很少有例外，多用于一般现在时。 (3) often 意为“经常”，在频度上不如 usually 那么频繁。 (4) sometimes 意为“有时，偶尔”。 (5) hardly ever 意为“几乎不，很少 ”，表示否定意义。 (6) never 意为“从来没有，绝不”，表示否定意义。 以上几个频度副词所表示的频度，从高到低为： Always(100%)usually often somet

38、imes hardly ever never(0%) 3. 频度副词在句子中的位置 在句子中，频度副词常放在实意动词前面，be 动词、情态动词和助动词后面。例如： He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。 4. 对句子中频度副词进行提问，用“how often”。例如： He sometimes watches TV.(对划线部分提问) How often does he watch TV? 随堂练习随堂练习 第 9 页 共 9 页 1. 【2017 雅安】6. The woman is very busy so she _ watches TV. A. often B.

39、 always C. seldom D. almost 2. 【2017 黄冈】-Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us. -It cant have been Father. He _ early on Sundays. A. always gets up B. often got up C. had got up D. never gets up 3. 【2017 安徽】If my friends have any problems, my door is _ open to them. A. never B. seldom C. so

40、metimes D. always 4. 【2017 宁波】Did you go to the cinema last night? Oh, no. I _ go to the cinema. The tickets, you know, are too expensive. A. always B. hardly C. usually D. often 5. 【2017 莱芜】32. Speak aloud, please! I can _ hear you. A. usually B. almost C. hardly D. nearly 6. 【2017 襄阳】31. -Bob is _

41、 late for school. -Me neither. A. always B. almost C. ever D. never 7. 【2017 南充】25. I dont think fast food is good for our health, so I _ eat it. A. usually B. hardly C. always 8. 【2017 菏泽】4. Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone? No. I _do that because it makes me uncomfortable. A. seldom B. often C. usually D. Sometimes 9. 【2017 江苏徐州】11. I _ watch this TV programme. Its very interesting. A. often B. never C. hardly D. seldom 10. 【2017 东营】 Though they are far away from school, the children who live in mountains _ go to school on foot. A. ever B. always C. never D. hardly ever