新目标八年级上英语Unit3知识点讲义

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1、Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 讲义讲义 一、句型转换一、句型转换 Section A 比较级 more outgoing 1.outgoing 最高级 most outgoing 比较级 最高级 2.good/well better best 比较级 more loudly 3. loudly 最高级 most loudly 4, quiet (adv.) quietly 比较级 more hard-working 5.hard-working 最高级 most hard-working 比较级 thinner 6. thin 最高级 thinn

2、est 比较级 7. friendly friendlier/more friendly 比较级 more clearly 8. clearly 最高级 most clearly 9. win ( pt.) won Section B 1.make (pt. ) made 2.though ( 同义词) although 3.true ( adv. )truly 比较级 more serious 4. serious 最高级 most serious 5. both ( 反义词) neither 6. care (adj.) careful (adv.) carefully 第三人称单数 7.

3、reach reaches 第三人称单数 8. touch touches 9. break (pt.) broke 比较级 最高级 10. loud louder loudest 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1.which one 哪一个 2.make sb. laugh 让某人笑 3.get better grades 取得更好的成绩 4.share everything 分享一切 5.get up early 早起床 6.sing well 唱得好 7.have fun 玩得高兴 8.the one with shorter hair 头发较短的那个 9.care about 关心；在意关

4、心；在意 10.as long as 只要；既然只要；既然 11. be different from 与不同；与有差异与不同；与有差异 12. bring out 使显现；使表现出使显现；使表现出 13. the same as 和相同；与一致和相同；与一致 14. in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上确切地说；事实上；实际上 15. be similar to 与相像（类似）的与相像（类似）的 16. primary school 小学小学 17. play the drums 打鼓 18. the singing competition 唱歌比赛 19. the one with s

5、horter hair 短头发的那位 20. the most important thing 最重要的事 三、三、句型集萃句型集萃 1.-Is Tom smarter than Sam? -No, he isnt. 2. Are you as friendly as your sister? 3. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me. 4. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 四、重、难点讲练四、重、难点讲练 1. Im more outgoing than my sister

6、. 我比我姐姐外向。我比我姐姐外向。 1)这是一个比较级句型。结构为： “A+动词+形容词/副词的比较级+than +B” ，意思为“A 比 B” e.g. 他的电脑比我的便宜。 His computer is cheaper than mine. 他总是比我做得好。 He always does better than me. 2） outgoing “外向的”， 比较级为： more outgoing。 英语中， 形容词比较级一般在词尾加-er, 如： smallsmaller， longlonger。但是多音节词和部分双音节词比较级需要在形容词前加 more,且那个形容词要用原级。如：b

7、eautifulmore beautiful，athleticmore athletic。 Ex.【2017 温州】My sister is _. She likes making friends with others. A. shy B. quiet C. athletic D. outgoing 【2017 浙江湖州】Sally used to be _, but now she enjoys meeting and talking to new friends. A. active B. shy C. honest D. outgoing 2.And she also sings mo

8、re loudly than Tara.而且她唱歌的声音比塔拉大。而且她唱歌的声音比塔拉大。 辨析：loud，loudly 和 aloud 三个词都可以做副词，指“大声地” ，在意义上相同，有时可以互换。 loud 多做形容词。 比较级 louder。 aloud 重点在于“出声” （能被人听见，但声音不一定很大） ，常与 read，think 连用。 loudly 多与表示“喧闹，抱怨”的动词连用，既可以置于动词前，也可以置于动词后，与 quietly 相对。 e.g.老师总是叫我们大声朗读。 The teacher always ask us to read aloud. 不要说得那么大声

9、。 Dont speak so loud. 他大声地抱怨。 He complained loudly. Ex.【2008 成都】-Speak _,please, because I cant hear a word from the back. -Well, its _ enough. A. loudly; loudly B. louder; loud C. loud; louder D. loud; too loud 【2017 贺州】Dont talk _. Your grandmother is sleeping now. A. loud B. hardly C. loudly D. h

10、ard 【2017 聊城】The baby is sleeping. please speak _. A. loudly B. clearly C. quietly D. politely 3.You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.不过你可以看出丽萨真的很想赢。不过你可以看出丽萨真的很想赢。 1）win 赢得；获胜。 过去式和过去分词分别是 won, won。现在分词为 winning。 辨析：辨析：win 和和 beat beat 意为“打败，战胜” ，后接比赛、战斗、辩论的对手，可以是人或者集体。 Win 意为“打败，赢”

11、，后接比赛、战斗、辩论、奖品和钱等，可以是事或者物。 e.g. 在游泳方面我能击败你。I can beat you at swimming. 你认为哪个队会在这次篮球比赛中取得胜利呢？ Which team do you think will win the basketball match this time? 2)though 作为连词，可以和 although 互换使用，均不可与 but 同时连用。 e.g.尽管她在微笑着，她却在生气。 Although/Though she smiled, she was angry. 以下情况只能用以下情况只能用 though： 与 even 连用时

12、，用 though 表示强调，这里 even though= even if， “即使也” though 可以独立作副词，常放在句末， “还是，仍然；可是；然而” e.g.即使我们付得起这笔钱，我们也不会出国度假。Even if we could afford it, we wouldnt go ahead for our vacation. 工作很苦，可以是仍然很喜欢。Its hard work. I enjoy it, though. Ex.1.I _ Wu Dong and _ the match yesterday. A. won; beat B. won; beated C. bea

13、ted; won D. beat; won 2.【2017 河南】We should give the boy another chance _ he has made some mistakes. A. though B. when C. unless D. because 3.【2017 湖北襄阳】 How do you like the concert given by F.I.R.? Exciting, _ one piece of the music wasnt played quite well. A. though B. because C. so D. and 4.【2017

14、湖北恩施】_our teacher is ill. _he still comes to our class to teach us. A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but 4.A good friend truly cares about me. 一个好朋友真正关心我。一个好朋友真正关心我。 Care n.照料；保护；小心 take care of = look after 照顾；照料 Take care not to do sth. 当心不要做某事。 vi.在乎；关心 care about 关心；在意 care for 照顾；喜欢 拓展：

15、形容词：careful 仔细的，小心的 副词：carefully 小心地 e.g.她是如此的年幼以至于不能照顾她自己。 She is so young that she cant take care of herself. 他考试不及格，但是他一点都不在乎。 He failed in the exam, but he doesnt care at all. Ex. 【2007 河南】 Lot of people in our city _ the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses. A. agree with

16、B. worry about C. laugh at D. care for 【2017 襄阳】75. Many teenagers _ the old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses. A. agree with B. worry about C. laugh at D. care for 【2017 广州】25. Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home. A. take away B. tak

17、e off C. take care of D. take out of 5.For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.对我来说对我来说，好朋友喜欢做与我一样的事情。，好朋友喜欢做与我一样的事情。 the sameas“与相同” ，as 后可以接从句，并且 as 在从句中要充当一定的成分。 e.g. 他已经不是过去的他了。 He is not the same as he used to be. 我有一本和你一样的书。I have the same book as you have. 辨析：the same as the s

18、ameas the same that the same as “类似” ，as 是连词，但它后面的句子常用省略形式。注意比较的对象要是同类事物。 The sameas “与相同” （不同对象） The samethat “与相同” （同一对象） e.g. 朱迪和卢比的兴趣相似。 Judys interest is the same as Rubys. 这与我昨天买的钢笔一样。 This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那支钢笔。 This is the same pen that I bought yesterday. Ex.【20

19、09 孝感】Is Williams lifestyle _Davids? A. the same B. same as C. same to D. the same as 【2017 广西贺州】 Mazys skirt is the same as her_. A. sisters B. brother C. brothers D. sisters 6. Well, Mary and her best friend are both tall. 嗯，玛丽和她最好的朋友都很高兴。嗯，玛丽和她最好的朋友都很高兴。 both 的用法：both 作形容词或代词，可以和名词、代词连用，也可以和动词连用。

20、在句中可以做主语、宾语和定语。 1）both 与名词或代词连用： Both +of +the/物主代词/指示代词+名词 e.g. 两只猫都睡着了。Both of the cats are asleep. Both 做名词，修饰代词。 e.g.两个孩子都得了奖。Both children won prizes. 在人称代词前一定要用 both of，不能说 both we 或 both us 等，但可以说 us both, them both. e.g. 我们两个都喜欢滑冰。 Both of us like skating. 2)both 与动词连用，放在 be 动词之后，行为动词之前，当谓语由

21、几部分组成，则放在第一个助动词之后。 e.g.两个孩子都非常的可爱。The children are both lovely. 我们两都喜欢看电视。 We both like watching TV. 3)both 作代词，可以单独使用，其后不接名词。 e.g. 这兄弟两篮球都打得好，他们俩都将参加比赛。 The brother are good at playing basketball. Both will take part in the game. Ex. 【2017 辽宁】 Lingling and Betty are great. _of them have been chosen

22、 to enter the maths competition. A. None B. Neither C. All D. Both 【2017 辽宁鞍山】The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. Thats so cool! A. all B. both C. neither D. none 【2017 浙江绍兴】22.Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teens space? I like _of them. They a

23、re useful for English lessons. A. none B. neither C. all D. both 7.Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.我很害羞，所以对我来说不容易交到朋友。我很害羞，所以对我来说不容易交到朋友。 It is +形容词/名词+（for sb.）+ to do sth. It 为形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。形容词修饰的是 to do. = Its +形容词+that 从句。形容词可以用 easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting 等。 e

24、.g. 你单独住一段时间会更好一些。Its better for you to live alone for some time. = It is better that you live alone for some time. 拓展：It is +形容词+of sb. +to do sth. 形容词修饰的是人，可以用 kind, good, nice, wrong 等表示人性格和品质的词； e.g. 你帮助我真是太好了。 Its very kind of you to help me. Ex.1.Its quite exciting _ me _ the Internet. A. for;

25、 surf B. for; to surf C. for; for surf 【2009 济南】 Its a good habit _ a walk after dinner. A. to come B. to be C. to take D. to go 8.You dont need a lot of them as long as they are good.你并不需要很多朋友，只要好就够了。你并不需要很多朋友，只要好就够了。 As long as 只要，既然 引导状语从句。 e.g. 我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。Im sure we are safe as long as

26、 we are in his care. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。As long as it doesnt rain, we can go. As long as 用于形容词比较级中表示“和一样长” 。 e.g. This river is as long as that one. Ex. 1._ you need me, Ill stay. A. As B. Because of C. The same as D. As long as 9.My best friend Larry is quite different from me.我最好的朋友我最好的朋友 Larry 和我有很大不同和

27、我有很大不同。 Be different from“和不同” ，from 为介词，后加 doing 做宾语；反义词为 be the same as“和相同” 。 e.g. 他们的卧室和我们的不一样。Their bedroom is different from ours. Ex.1.Most of my classmates dont like to talk to their parents, but I am _ them. A. different from B. surprised at C. the same as 【2017 江苏无锡】 Why is the traffic tod

28、ay moving so slowly? We are running late! Calm down. Lets take_ route. Turn left over there. A. a same B. the same C. a different D. the different 10.However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.然而，拉里常常有助于带出最好的我然而，拉里常常有助于带出最好的我。 Bring out 使显现；使表现 ；拿出；带出；出版；生产 e.g. 艰难困苦方能显现出一个人的优秀品质。Difficu

29、lties can bring out a persons best qualities. 请拿出照相机来拍照。 Please bring out your cameras and take some pictures. Ex.1.Please _ your book. Listen to me carefully. A. bring to B. bring out C. took out D. put out 11.My favorite saying is,“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.”我最喜欢的一

30、句格”我最喜欢的一句格言是： “一个真正的朋友向你伸出的手能触碰你的心灵。 ”言是： “一个真正的朋友向你伸出的手能触碰你的心灵。 ” 1)reach 及物动词，其后可以直接加地点名词。另外，还表示“达到某一年龄、数量或够得着某一高度” 。 拓展： “到达某地” get to +地点 arrive at+小地点/in+大地点 e.g.他们在下午三点到达了三点。They reached the top of the mountain at three oclock. 我够不到书架上的书。I cant reach the book on the shelf. 2）.touch v.碰；触碰。 n.

31、联系 Be in touch with与有联系。 e.g. 她的小手轻轻触摸我的脸庞。Her hands gently touched my face. Ex. 1.【2017 安徽】The food here smells good, but what does it_ like? A. taste B. touch C. seem D. feel 2.【2017 大连】May I _ your bike, please? Ill give it back to you soon. A. touch B. bring C. borrow D. buy 3.【2017 广安】When will

32、 the plane _Shanghai? Sorry, I dont know. A. get B. arrive at C. reach 4.【2017 山东潍坊】With the help of the Internet, information can _ every comer of the world quickly. A. go B. land C. reach D. arrive 12.In fact, shes funnier than anyone I know.事实上，她比我认识的任何人都要有趣。事实上，她比我认识的任何人都要有趣。 In fact “实际上，事实上” ，

33、一般位于句首，引出事实上的结论。 e.g. 事实上，我认为你是对的。 In fact, I think you are right. Ex.1. He always agrees with his friends about everything. _, he has no thoughts of his own. A. In fact B. Because of C.As well D.As well as 13.We can talk about and share everything.我们可以讨论并分享一切。 Share v. “分享” ，合用” ，后加名词或代词，常用短语：share

34、 sth. with sb. 其中 with 有时可以用 among，between 表示。 Share n.“一份，份额” 。 e.g. 我们一起看书好吗？ Would you like to share your book with me? 这次的成功也有我一份。I have the share of the success. Ex.1. Its raining heavily, Mary. Lets _ the same umbrella. A. have B. share C. take D. make 14. similar adj. 相似的，类似的。相似的，类似的。 构成短语：be

35、 similar to 和相似= be like。 辨析：similar 和 same Similar 大致相似的，类似的；same 同样的，前面要加 the。表示与相同，用 the same as. e.g. 这姐妹俩看起来很像。 The sisters look very similar. 他的书包和你的一样。 His bag is the same as yours. Ex .【2017 内蒙古包头】26. It is our hope that we can live in a_ world and say goodbye to wars forever. A. similar B.

36、peaceful C. familiar D. natural 2.Your suitcase is _ to mine. I dont know which one is mine. A. same B. similar C. like D. likely 15.information n. 信息，情报，资料信息，情报，资料 是不可数名词，指通过学习、阅读和观察而得到的情报消息，侧重是不可数名词，指通过学习、阅读和观察而得到的情报消息，侧重内容。内容。 辨析：辨析：news 和和 information 均是不可数名词，前面不可以用 a/an 或 one,也不可以用 many，若表示数量，用

37、 a piece of/ a bit of 或 some pieces of。 e.g.这本书里有许多资料。There is much information in this book. Ex.1.Here is some _ on the best cities for your studying abroad. A. information B. idea C. suggestion D. exam 16.I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会使我笑。我认为好朋友会使我笑。 make v. 制造；使；让。结构：make sb./ sth.

38、+adj. 使/让某人/某事怎么样；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。 e.g. Mother made a birthday cake for me.妈妈为我做了一个生日蛋糕。 His mother made him finish the work alone.他妈妈让他一个人完成这项工作。 Ex. 1.The boss makes the worker _10 hours every day. A. work B. to work C. working D. works 2.Mr. Bean enjoys _ jokes and often makes us _. A. to

39、tell; to laugh B. tells; laugh C. telling; laugh D. telling; laughing 五、语法归纳五、语法归纳:形容词的比较级专项讲解（一）形容词的比较级专项讲解（一） 1.形容词比较级和最高级的构成：形容词比较级和最高级的构成： （1）一般情况下，直接加“er”,“est” 。例如： talltallertallest （2）以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词，直接加 “r” ， “st” 。例如： safesafersafest (3)以“辅音+y”结尾的形容词，变 y 为 i 之后加“er”,“est” 。例如：funnyfunnier

40、funniest （4）以重读闭音节结尾， 且末尾只有一个辅音字母， 双写该字母加 “er” , “est” 。 例如： thinthinnerthinnest （5）多音节词和部分双音节词，在前面加“more” ， “most” 。例如： athleticmore athleticmost athletic （6）部分不规则的形容词的比较级和最高级。例如： good / well better best Litter less least many / much more most far farther farthest far further furthest old older old

41、est old elder eldest bad/ ill worse worst 2.形容词各等级的用法：形容词各等级的用法： 1)原级（同级）比较：原级（同级）比较：asas; not as(so)as as.as 意为和一样，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为连词。其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如： (1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 (2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 其否定式

42、为 not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如： This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 若有修饰成分，如 twice, three times, half, a quarter 等，则须置于第一个 as 之前。例如： Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。 小结：几个关于 as.as 的常见句型： (1)as.as possible 尽可能 (2)as.as usual/before 和以前比一样的 (3)as long as.

43、 (引导条件状语从句) 只要 (4)as far as 和一样远 (5)as well as 和一样好 2）.比较级：表示两者之间比比较级：表示两者之间比 更可用状语更可用状语 much, a little, even 等修饰：等修饰： e.g. He made fewer mistakes than I did. 3. 重点与难点：重点与难点： 1)用比较级表示最高级：用比较级表示最高级： e.g. 约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. =John is the tallest boy in the class

44、. 2)the more. the more.表示“越越”表示“越越”: e.g. The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 3)more and more.表示“越来越表示“越来越”: e.g. More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. 语法专项练习：语法专项练习： 1. 【2017 呼和浩特】-What do you think of Toms

45、 speaking? -No one does _ in our class. A. good B. better C. well D. best 2. 【2017 湖南长沙】Which season do you like _, summer or winter? Summer. A. well B. best C. better 3. 【2017 山东济南】Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works _ than her. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest 4. 【2017 四川泸州】No o

46、ne can sing _ than her. A. well B. good C. better D. best 5. 【2017 广西玉林】 Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as 6. 【2017 福建泉州】What should we do to reduce food waste? In a restaurant only order as_ as we need and

47、try to eat it up. A. much B. more C. most 7. 【2017 安徽】Our school bus will leave at 8 oclock tomorrow. Dont be late. OK. I will be there ten minutes _. A. sooner B. slower C. faster D. earlier 8. 【2017 江苏苏州】 Peter speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not _ a local speaker in China. A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than