新目标八年级上英语Unit1知识点讲义

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1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?讲义讲义 一、一、 词性转换词性转换 Section A 1. wonder (adj.) wonderful 2. I (反身代词) myself 3. you (反身代词) yourself 4. yourself (pl.) yourselves 5. seem (pt.) seemed Section B 1. activity (pl.) activities 2. decide (n.) decision 3. try (pt.) tried 4. bike (同义词) bicycle 5. build (n.

2、) building 6. difference (adj.) different 7. like (反义词) dislike 8. below (反义词) above 二、二、 短语归纳短语归纳 1.go on vacation 去度假去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬山 4.go to the beach 去海滩 5.visit museums 参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 7.quite a few 相当多相当多 8.study for 为而学习为而学习 9.go out 出去 10

3、.most of the time 多部分时间 11.taste good 尝起来很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得高兴 13.of course 当然当然 14.feel like 感受到感受到 15.go shopping 去购物去购物 16.in the past 在过去 17.walk around 四处走走 18.too many 太多 19.because of 因为因为 20.one bowl of 一碗 21.the next day 第二天 22.drink tea 喝茶 23.find out 找出，查明 24.go on 继续 25.take photo

4、s 照相 26.something important 重要的事 27.up and down 上上下下 e up 出来 29.seem to be 好像好像 30. ride bicycles 骑自行车骑自行车 31. the top of the hill 山顶山顶 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1. buy sth for sb=buy sb sth 为某人买某物 2. taste+形容词形容词 尝起来 look+形容词 看起来 3. nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有 4. seem+(to be)+形容词 看起来 5. arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地

5、方 到达 reach+地点；get to +地点 6. decide to do sth 决定去做某事 7. try doing sth 尝试做某事 try to so sth 尽力去做某事 8. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth 想去做某事 10. start doing sth 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth 停止做某事 12. dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 13. Why not do sth?为什么不做呢？ 14. so+形容词+that+从句 如此以至于 15. tell sb (not) to do

6、 sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事 16. keep doing sth 继续做某事 17. forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1.Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假度假的？ vacation n.假期 通常指任何节假日或休假日，单复数均可，是美式用法。 holiday n.假期 指规定的不工作的日子，表示“假期”常用复数，是英式用法。 leave n. 指工作的请假或休假。 On holiday/ vacation 在度假 spend a holiday 度假 e.g.

7、：在春节期间，学生们在放假。 During the Spring Festival, students are on holidays. 小强请了三天病假。 Xiaoqiang asked for a sick leave of three days. Ex. 1. I think Ill take a _ this weekend. A. leave B. on holiday C. vacation D. vacations 2. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方有趣的地方了吗？ Anywhere interesting 任何有趣的地方 So

8、mewhere/ anythere/ nowhere something/ anything/ nothing somebody/ anybody/ anyone 等都是不定代词。当有形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在这些不定代词的后面。 一般情况下， some 构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句； any 构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句。 不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 Ex. 1.【2017 连云港】-Have you bought _ for Lindas birthday? -Not exactly. Just some flowers. A. something unus

9、ual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything 2. 【2017 北京】Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe theres _ wrong with it. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 3.【2017 南京】I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldnt find _ suitable. A. something B. anythin

10、g C. nothing D. everything 3. Long time no see. 好久不见。 这是一句直译式的英文，类似的表达“Good good study, day day up.”好好学习，天天向上。 e.g.：过得好吗，兄弟？好久不见！ Whats going on, brother? Long time no see. 4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多数时间大多数时间我只是待在家里看书和放松放松。 Most of the time 大多数时间大多数时间 most 的单复数概念取

11、决于 of 后面的名词， 谓语动词根据 of 后面的名词决定。 e.g.：我们学校大部分学生来自农村。 Most of the students in our school are from the country. relax v.放松放松 relaxed adj.放松的放松的 一般修饰人；一般修饰人； relaxing adj.令人放松的令人放松的 一般修饰物；一般修饰物； ex. 1.【2017 乌鲁木齐】Listening to the _ music always makes me _. A. relaxed; relaxing B. relaxed; relaxed C. rela

12、xing; relaxing D. relaxing; relaxed 2.【2017 昆明】Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival? Id like to go _. A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere 5.Still no one seemed to be bored. 好像好像仍然没有人感到无聊无聊。 bored 是形容词， “无聊的；无趣的” ，常用来形容人； boring “令人厌烦

13、的”常用来形容物。 e.g. 我变得很烦躁是因为这不无聊的电影。 I got very bored because of the boring movie. 拓展在英语中，有些动词的过去分词已经变为形容词，常见的有：lose lost 丢失的；please pleased 高兴的；surprise surprised 惊奇的；excite excited 兴奋的； interest interested 感兴趣的 Ex.-Would you like to go out for a walk? -Good idea, and the TV programs are too _. A. wond

14、erful B. interesting C. exciting D. boring seem 意为“似乎；好像” ，可作为连系动词或不及物动词，用法归纳如下： 1） “主语“主语+seem+( to be) +表语”表语” ，表语多为名词或形容词。 e.g. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. 2)“主语“主语+seem+不定式”不定式” ，此句型中 seem 与不定式一起构成谓语。 e.g. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 Mrs. Green doesnt seem/ seems not to like the id

15、ea. 3)“It seems that+从句”从句” ，其中 it 为形式主语，that 引导主语从句。 e.g. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事情。 It seems that no one knows what happened in the park. 4)“there +seem to be +名词”名词” ，其中 to be 可以省略。Seem 的单复数需要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。 e.g. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。 There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. Ex. 1.Chil

16、dren seemed _ eating something in the room. A. that B. to C. to be D. / 2.They _ to be teachers. They _ very kind to the children. A. look; seem B. appear; seem C. seem; look D. appear; look 6.It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. 非常美妙。我们还在那里拍了不少不少照片。 quite a few “相当多，不少”+可数名词复数。 e.g.

17、在我们班，我很有几个朋友。 I have quite a few friends in my class. 拓展 a few, few, little, a little 辨析 a few “一些”+可数名词复数 few “几乎没有”+可数名词复数 a little “一些”+不可数名词 little “几乎没有”+不可数名词 ex. 【2017 河北中考】Wed better wait _ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 【2017 铜仁】In our schoo

18、l, _ students like English, but _ of them can speak English smoothly. A. a little; a few B. a few; few C. a few, little D. a little; few 7.It was and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 天气晴朗又炎热， 于是我们决定决定到酒店附近的海滩去。 Decide v.决定；选定 Decide to do sth. 决定做某事= make up ones mind to do 可以改写

19、为 decide+ that 从句从句 Decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事。 Decide 名词形式为 decision. e.g. 他决定买一辆新车。 He decided to buy a new car.= He decided that he would buy a new car. 她决定不去北京了。 She decided not to go to Beijing. Ex. 【2017 南宁中考】Goldilocks decided _ for a walk in the forest. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 【201

20、7 甘肃白银】I havent decided when _ a holiday yet. A. took B. taking C. to take D. take 8.My sister and I try paragliding. 我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动。 try 做动词讲， “尝试；努力”try to do sth. 尽力做某事； try not to do sth. 尽力不去做某事 Try doing sth. 试着做某事； try ones best to do 尽某人最大努力做某事； try on 试穿。 e.g. 他正在努力花一匹马。 She is trying to draw

21、 a horse. 如果你告诉我你的困难，我将尽力帮助你。 If you tell me your difficulties , I will try my best to help you. 你想试试这件连衣裙吗？ Would you like to try this dressing on? 做名词讲， “尝试，努力” 。 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 Ex.【2017 衢州 28】Many children are left alone in the countryside. Lets try our best _ them. A. help B. helping C

22、. to help D. helps 9.I wonder what life was like in the past.我很好奇这里过去的生活会是什么样的。 做动词， “想知道；琢磨” ，常接宾语从句。常接宾语从句。 e.g. 我琢磨着那是什么意思。 I wonder what that means. 做名词， “奇迹，奇观” 。 e.g. The Great Wall is a man-made wonder. 长城是人造的奇迹。 Ex.【2017 武汉中考】-Is Kate serious? -I _ she never means it. A. suppose B. agree C.

23、believe D. wonder 10.What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天啊！ 这是一个由 what 引导的感叹句，结构：what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ e.g. 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊！ What a beautiful girl she is! 拓展what 引导感叹句强调名词，可强调可数名词、不可数名词或名词复数。How 引导的感叹句强调形容词。 e.g. 今天的天气真好！ What fine weather it is!= How fine the weather is! Ex.【2017 黔西】_ beautiful

24、skirt! Thank you. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【2017 黄石】_ fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 【2017 安顺】_ good time they had last weekend! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 11. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 并且由于由于这坏天气，我们看不

25、见下面的任何东西。 Because of “因为”+名词或代词= because+句子； 上面句子改写为：We couldnt see anything below because the weather was bad. e.g. Peter 因为生病住院了。Peter stayed in hospital because of his illness. =because he was ill. Ex.【2017 玉林】_ he exercises every day, _ he is very healthy. A. Because; so B. Because; though C. Be

26、cause; / D. Though; / 【2017 大连】Mark isnt coming to the concert _ he has got too much work to do. A. so B. until C. although D. because 12.My father didnt bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.爸爸没有带足够的钱足够的钱，所以我们只吃了一碗米饭和一点鱼。 enough 做形容词讲， “足够的；充分的” ，常与 for 或不定式连用，修饰名词，enoug

27、h+名词； e.g. 他有足够的前买一辆汽车。 He has enough money to buy a car. enough 做副词讲， “十分地；充分地；足够地” ；adj./adv+ enough； e.g. 他的功课还不够好，还考不及格。She isnt good enough for the exam. Ex. I dont know him _ to ask him for help. A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enough 【2017 绥化】-How do you like the talk sho

28、w? -I think its _, but some people think its so _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring 【2017 贺州】This movie wasnt _. He fell asleep half way through it. A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested enough D. enough intersted 五、语法归纳：五、语法归纳： 一

29、般过去时一般过去时 1.概念：表示过去发生的动作，常与过去的时间状语连用。 2.谓语构成： （1）动词的过去式（2）was/were 3.句式 ： （1）肯定句 主+动词的过去式+其他 主+was/were+其他 (2) 否定句 主+didnt+动词原形+其他 主+wasnt/werent+动词原形+其他 (3) 一般疑问句 Did+主+动词原形+其他? Was/Were+主+其他？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主+did./ No, 主+didnt. 否定回答 Yes, 主+was/were./ No, 主+wasnt/werent e.g. He went to the zoo yesterday

30、. 昨天他去了动物园。 否定句：否定句：He didnt go to the zoo yesterday. 一般疑问句一般疑问句：Did he go to the zoo yesterday? 肯定回答肯定回答：Yes, he did. 否定回答否定回答：No, he didnt. Mary was born in Beijing. 玛丽在北京出生。 否定句否定句：Mary wasnt born in Beijing. 一般疑问句一般疑问句：Was Mary born in Beijing? 肯定回答肯定回答：Yes, she was. 否定回答否定回答：No, she wasnt. (4)特

31、殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成， He was born in 1985.When was he born? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. How long did he hiccup? He started hiccupping in 1992. When did he start hiccupping? 4.用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2008, five days ago, once, at

32、 that time, just now 等。 e.g. 我刚才去你班上了。 I went to your classroom just now. 我是两年前来到襄阳的。 I came to Xiangyang two years ago. 注意：两个或两个以上动词用 and 连接时，如果前一个用动词是一般过去时，那么后面的动词也要用一般过去时。 e.g. She put on her school clothes ad ran to the school. 实战演练：实战演练： 1. 【2017 湖南娄底】27. -What did you do last night? -I _TV and

33、 read books. A. watch B. watched C. have watched 2. 【2017 重庆】27. I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in. sorry, I _in the shop with my mother. A. am B. will be C. was D. have been 3. 【2017 湖南邵阳】30.Do you hear_ just now? A. what I said B. what Im saying C. what I says 4. 【2017 河南】24. Wha

34、t_ the noise, Bill? Sorry, I broke my glass. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 5. 【2017 浙江宁波】31. Tony _ football every weekend when he was young. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 6. 【2017 河北】37. Ken_ his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back. A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was

35、 leaving 7. 【2017 山东滨州】33. I know a little about Thailand, as I_ there three years ago. A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went 8. 【2017 四川泸州】8. Oh, you are here. I _ you came back. A. dont know B. didnt know C. havent known D. wont know 9. 【2017 内蒙古呼和浩特】2. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS

36、! Sorry, I _it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see 10. 【2017 湖北武汉】28. Thats a nice mobile phone. It is. My aunt _ it for my last birthday. A. buy B. will buy C. have bought D. bought 不定代词不定代词 不定代词不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 （1）初中阶段常用不定代词： some; any few; little none one other many

37、; much either; neither each; every both; all (2)普通不定代词的用法 some 和 any Some 和 any 均表示“一些” ，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于疑问句中、否定句和条件句中。但是，在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时用 some。 e.g: 教室里一个学生也没有。There arent _ students in the classroom. 看，有几个男孩儿在踢球。 Look! Some boys are playing football. 你要喝咖啡吗？ Would you l

38、ike some coffee? many 和 much Many 修饰可数名词复数，much 修饰不可数名词，两者均可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how 连用。 e.g. 他从来不吃这么多早餐。 He never eats so much breakfast. 你需要多少瓶水？ How many bottles of water do you need? (3) 复合不定代词 初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下： Somebody 某人 Anybody 某人/任何人 Nobody 没有人 Everybody 每人 Someone 某人 Anyone 某人/任何人 No one

39、 没有人 Everyone 每人 Something 某事 Anything 某事/任何事 Nothing 没有东西 Everything 每一件事 e.g.：你今天有什么特别的事要告诉我吗？ Do you have anything special to tell me today? 同学们，听我说， 我有一些事情要告诉你们。 Listen to me, boys and girls, I have something to tell you. 当句子的主语是指人的不定代词， 如 everybody， nobody， anyone 等， 其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词 they; 但主语是指物

40、的不定代词，如 everything， anything，something， nothing 时，反意疑问句主语通常用 it。 e.g. Everybody is here, arent they? Everything is ready, isnt it? 当形容词或 else 修饰不定代词 something， anything， everyone 时， 形容词或者 else 必须放在这些词后面。 真题练习：真题练习： 1. 【2017 河南】At present, children mean _ to most parents in China. A. everything B. no

41、thing C. anything D. something 2. 【2017 北京】Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe theres _ wrong with it. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 3. 【20 14 湖北咸宁】Morning, class. Is _ here today? No, sir. Tom is absent. He is ill at home. A. anybody B. everybody C. nobody D. somebody 4. 【2017 苏州】This work needs close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything 5. 【2017 宜宾】_ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best. A. None B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody