新目标八年级上英语Unit12知识点讲义

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1、 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected 讲义讲义 一、一、 词性转换词性转换 Section A 1. unexpected ( 反 义 词 ) expected 2. disbelief (反义词) belief 3. burn (adj.) burning 4. alive (v.) live Section B 5. embarrassed/embarrassing (v.) embarrass 6. announce(n.) announcement 7. discovery (v.) discover 8. believable (v.) be

2、lieve 9. disappear (反义词) appear 二、二、 短语归纳短语归纳 1. by the time 到到.的时候的时候 2. wake up 醒来 3. give sb. a lift 捎（某人）一捎（某人）一程程 4. even though 即使；尽管即使；尽管 5. in disbelief 难以置信地难以置信地 6. think to oneself 暗自想 7. turn into 变成变成 8. stare at 盯着看盯着看 9. show up 到场；露面到场；露面 10. jump out of bed 从床上跳下 11. in line with (与

3、.)成一排 12. go off 发出响声 13. put on 穿上 14. be about to do sth. 正要做某事正要做某事 15. wait in line 排队等候 16. take off 起飞起飞 17. hear about 听说听说 18. by the end of 到到.末为止末为止 19. the day before 前一天前一天 20. costume party 化妆舞会 21. get dressed 穿好衣服穿好衣服 22. take place 发生发生 23. play jokes on 开玩笑 24. take off(飞机等飞机等)起飞；匆起

4、飞；匆忙离开忙离开 25. get married 结婚了结婚了 26. hundreds/thousands of 成百上千的/成千上万的 27. run out of 用光用光 28. on April Fools Day 在愚人节前天 29. all night 整夜 30. stay up 熬夜熬夜 31. play tricks on 捉弄 32. lose weight 减肥减肥 33. end up 最后成为；最后处于 34. run away 逃出；逃走 35. rather than 而不是而不是 三、三、 句型集萃句型集萃 1. do sth. in disbelief 不

5、信地 2. feel lucky to 感到幸运 3. do sth. as + adj. + as one can 做某事尽可能地 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 到我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。 by the time 意为到时为止，后接一般过去时的句子来修饰 time,主句常用过去完成时态。 By the time you called me, I had left the company.你给我打电话的时，我已经离开了公司。 拓展by 的其他用法 by

6、与其他时间连用表示不迟；到为止。若 by+现在时间，主句用现在完成时；by+过去时间，主句用过去完成时；by+将来时间，主句用将来完成时，常用一般将来时代替。 Perhaps she has reached Beijing by now. 或许现在她已经到了北京。 By last Friday, he had finished the work.到上周五为止，他已经完成了工作。 We will get there by 8 tomorrow morning. 到明天早上 8 点钟我们就到那儿了。 What _ Anne _ by the time she was ten? A. did, do

7、 B. did, did C. has, done D. had, done 2. Luckily, Carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 幸运的是，卡尔的爸爸在街上看见了我，并用他的车捎了我一程。 luckily adv. 幸运地；好运地 同义词 fortunately unluckily adv. 不幸地 同义词 unfortunately lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 运气，好运 luckless adj. 不幸的；失败的 give sb. a lift 捎某人一程（=give sb.

8、a ride） When he saw us, he gave us a lift/ride.当他看见我们的时候，他让我们搭了便车。 Sometimes, its dangerous to give strangers a lift. 有时给陌生人搭便车很危险。 拓展give 后接双宾语（give sb. sth. /give sth. to sb.） give sb. a hand 帮忙 give sb. advice 给某人提建议 give sb. a lesson 给某人上课 give sb. a party 为某人举办晚会 give sb. a hug 紧紧拥抱某人 give sb.

9、a call/ring 给某人打电话 give sb. a chance 给某人一次机会 give sb. trouble 给某人添麻烦 give sb. a talk 给某人做报告 give it a pull 拉它一把 give it a push 推它一下 首字母填空： L_, I could get two tickets to the show. (答案：Luckily) After she walked a long way, Betty was very tired, so she stopped a truck and asked the driver to give her

10、a _. A. truck B. lift C. call D. car 3. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 我正要上去的时候，决定先买杯咖啡。 句型“be about to do sth. when”表示“刚要做某事，这时后者发生” ，when 并列连词，意为“就在那时候” （=and then） 。 I was about to go to bed when he called me up.我正要上床睡觉的时候，他打电话来了。 拓展when 作并列连词的其他句型 had donewhen 前者刚做完这时

11、后者发生 was/were doing .when 前者正在做这时后者发生 He had finished his homework when the boss gave him a new task.他刚把工作做完的时候，老板又给他新的任务。 The old man was fishing when it began to rain heavily. 这个老人正在钓鱼时，开始下大雨。 be about to do sth. 意为“正要/将要做” ，表将来，不与具体的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow 等。 The sun is about to sink in the west. 太阳正要西

12、下。 拓展表示“将来”的表达方式 be going to do 表示打算去做或可能发生的事情。 will do/shall do (第一人称)表示客观上将要发生的动作。 be to do 表示计划、安排好的将来或注定要发生的事。 come, go, leave 等表示位置移动的词用现在进行时表将来。 The young lady was about to go out _ someone rang the bell. A. while B. when C. as D. since 我刚才正要问你同一件事情。 I was just _you the same thing. (答案： about

13、to ask) 4. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. 我们吃惊地盯着从燃烧的建筑上方升起的浓烟。 stare v. 盯着看；凝视 stare at 盯着看 The man stared me up and down.那人上下打量着我。 The policeman stared at me suspiciously. 那个警察用怀疑的眼光盯着我看。 disbelief n. 不信；怀疑 反义词 belief 信仰；信念 in disbelief 怀疑地；不信地（作方式状语）

14、类似表达：in surprise 吃惊地 in disappointment 失望地 in excitement 兴奋地 in embarrassment 困窘地 in despair 绝望地 in astonishment 惊讶地 above adv. 在上面；向下面；prep. 在上面，反义词 below I saw the moon above the roof.我看得到月亮在屋顶上方。 The clouds above moved fast.头上的云快速移动。 above all 最重要的是 辨析 on, above 与 over on 表示在上，并有接触 above 笼统表示在上，不

15、接触，表示“正上方”时，可与 over 互换 over 表示垂直在上，空间上接近 “rising above the burning building”中有三个 v.-ing，第一个 v.-ing 作后置定语修饰 smoke，第二个v.-ing 也作定语，修饰 building；第三个 v.-ing 是名词。 辨析 burning 与 burnt burning 燃烧的，着火的，表示动作已在进行中 burnt 烧坏的，烧焦的，表示被烧过，动作已发生 The burnt boy was sent to hospital quickly.这个烧伤的孩子被马上送到医院。 I _ blankly _

16、the paper in front of me and didnt know what to do. A. stared; on B. stared; at C. looked; into D. saw; at 用 burn 的适当形式填空：The young lady was badly _ by the sun. （答案：burnt） 5. But by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off. 但等我到飞机场时，我要乘坐的前往新西兰的飞机已经起飞了。 take off vi

17、. （飞机）起飞 The plane took off smoothly.飞机很平稳地起飞了。 拓展take off 的更多用法 take off vt. 脱掉；取下（眼镜等） Take off your glasses before going to bed.睡觉前把眼镜取下。 take off vt. 在（某期间）休息；休假 Id like to take next Friday off.我想下周五请假。 take off vi. 成功；功名 It was after third film that her acting career really took off.她的演艺事业在她的第三

18、部电影后成功。 take off vt. 从（价格）减去，减价 Can you take 20 yuan off the coat? 你这件外套能少 20 元吗？ 6. was really embarrassed 真的很窘迫 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；害羞的 be embarrassed about 对.很尴尬 He looked rather embarrassed when the teacher asked him to read his composition to the class. 当老师叫他给全班同学朗读他的作文时，他面带几分难色。 He was so emb

19、arrassed about dropping the false teeth in the party.在聚会上，他的假牙脱落令他难堪不已。 embarrassing adj. 令人为难的；令人尴尬的 embarrassingly adv. 尴尬地 embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫 embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬 in embarrassment 处在困窘当中 辨析 embarrassing 与 embarrassed embarrassed 窘迫的；尴尬的。常用来修饰。 embarrassing 令人为难的；令人尴尬的。常用来修饰物。 The embarrassin

20、g thing made me feel embarrassed.这件令人尴尬的事使我感到很尴尬。 【2017 年武汉中考】- I wore sports shoes to the ball yesterday evening by mistake! - Oh, dear, you must be very _ at the ball! A. embarrassed B. satisfied C. tired D. surprised 7. What happened to Dave on April Fools Day? 愚人节那天大卫发生了什么事？ fool n. 蠢人；傻瓜 April

21、Fools Day 愚人节 make a fool of 愚弄 be fool enough to 笨到做. feel like a fool 上当；吃亏 play the fool 装傻；扮小丑 fool v. 愚弄 fool sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事 My sister fooled me into going with her.我妹妹骗我和她一起去。 Would you be fooled by any of the stories? 你会被这些故事愚弄吗？ 辨析 fool 与 cheat fool 指为了好玩而捉弄人，而 cheat 指用不诚实的手段骗人钱

22、财等。如： We fool each other on April 1. 我们在 4 月 1 日那天互相捉弄人。 The boy cheated my neighbor of some money. 那个男孩骗取了我邻居的一些钱。 8. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. 许多人跑去当地超市，尽可能多地抢购意大利面条。 as.as sb. can/could 尽可能地，相当于 asas possible. asas 中间用副词或形容词原形。跟形容词时，后面可接名词

23、。 Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can.我们经常只是绕着城镇中心步行，尽可能多地见我们的朋友。 It seems some students would like to start work as soon as they can/possible.看来一些学生想尽快地开始工作。 You should be as friendly as you can to your teammates.你应该对你的队友尽可能地友好。 注意：as.as one can /could

24、 若修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子时，中间用副词；若作表语，用形容词；若作宾语，用 many/much+名词。 拓展与 as 相关的搭配 asas 像一样 as soon as 一就 as far as 远至；就的限度 such as 例如 as for 至于 as well 也；另外（=too） as if/though 好像是 A as well as B 不但 B；而且 A as long as 达之久；只要 as many as. 多达；与.一样多 as much as. 多达；与一样多 You should tell _ you can to support your ideas. A

25、. as many information as B. as much fact as C. as many facts as D. as many news as 9. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 等人们意识到这是恶作剧时，全国的意大利面条已被抢购一空。 hoax n. 骗局；恶作剧 It is true, not a hoax.这是真的，不是骗局。 sell out 卖光 All the cl

26、othes in the clothing store were sold out.服装店里所有的衣服都卖完了。 Sorry, weve sold out the shoes in your size.对不起，我们已经卖完了你这种尺寸的鞋子。 拓展 部分类似短语 eat up 吃光 run out（of）用光 use up 用光 burn off 烧光 kill off 赶尽杀绝 die off 死绝；消失 所有足球比赛的票都卖光了。 All the tickets to the football match _ _ _ _ by the end of yesterday. (答案：had b

27、een sold out) 10. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story. 韦尔基让它听起来如此真实，以至于成百上千的人相信了这个故事。 real adj. 真实的；真正的 Children believe that these characters are real.孩子们相信这些人物都是真实的。 辨析 real 与 true real 表示“真正的，而不是想像的”或表示“现实的” true 表示“符合实际的” ，常用于表示某一标准、规范或典型 In real life, things

28、are not so simple.在现实生活中，情况并非那么简单。 This is a true story of real life.这是现实生活中一个真实的故事。 句中 sothat中的 so 是副词，可修饰形容词或副词，that 引导结果状语从句，表示“如此.以至于” 。其结构为：so+形容词（副词）原形+that 从句或 so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that 从句。 This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.这本书如此有趣以至于我们班每个同学都想看。 It is so large

29、 a room that it can hold 100 people.这个房间很大，能容纳 100 人。 hundreds of 成百上千的 拓展thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 上百万的 dozens of 几十（个）的；多数的 注意：这类词前有数词时，单复同形 three dozen eggs 三打鸡蛋（36 个鸡蛋） four hundred years history 400 年历史 -You study _ hard _ youre sure to pass the exam. - Thank you for saying so. A. enough;

30、to B. as; as C. so; that D. such; that 11. By the time people found out the story was not true, all the spaghetti in the supermarkets had disappeared. 当人们得知这个故事不是真的时候，超市内所有的意大利面条都没了。 disappear vi. 消失；不见 反义词 appear vi. 出现 The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 太阳躲在云后不见了。 Many wild animals are disappe

31、aring because of excess hunting.许多野生动物因过度捕猎而面临绝迹。 拓展dis-前缀位于动词前，表示相反的动作 dislike 不喜欢 disagree 不同意 disbelieve 不相信 dispraise 贬损 discomfort 不舒服 disremember 忘记 我在家里从来找不到一支笔。 每次我一买来就不翼而飞。 I can never find a pen in this house. They _ _ _ _ I buy them every time. （答案： disappear as soon as） 12. Why didnt you

32、 hand in your science homework? 你为什么不交科学作业？ hand in 交上去（给老师或上级） Time is up. Please hand in your papers.时间到了，请上交你们的试卷。 拓展 hand 作 v.的短语 hand back 交还 hand down(=pass down) 传下来；传给 hand on 传给另一人 hand out 分发；散发 hand over 移交 hand 作 n.的短语 at hand 在手边；就要到来 by hand 手工做的；送来的 from one hand to another 从一个人传到另一个人

33、 hand in hand 手牵手 on hand 手边（有） ；手头有事做 shake hands with 和握手 on the one hand,on the other hand 一方面另一方面 in hand 手上的；控制住 give/lend sb. a hand 帮忙 have a hand in 协助；参与 用 hand 的短语填空： Each student has to _ an English composition once a week. (答案：hand in) The teacher _ the books at the beginning of the new

34、semester. (答案：hand out) Always have your dictionary _ when you study. (答案：in hand) 五、五、语法复习语法复习：一般过去时，过去完成时一般过去时，过去完成时 1. 一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at six this morning. 今天早上我六点起的床。 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. 当我在乡下时，我常常在河里游泳。 和一般过去

35、时连用的时间状语：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now 等。 【2017 湖南娄底】What did you do last night? I _TV and read books. A. watch B. watched C. have watched 【2017 浙江宁波】Tony _ football every weekend when he was young. A. plays B. played C.

36、 is playing D. has played 2. 过去完成时的用法过去完成时的用法: 表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。 By the end of last term, we had finished all the courses of senior middle school. 表示过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 He had been a teacher for 25 years when he was 50. 常与 by then, by the last /by the end of last等时间状语连用。 【2017 襄阳】-We

37、 all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didnt you come? -Because I _ that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch 【2017 襄阳】-Why was he late for school yesterday? He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _ already _. A. was, leaving B. ha

38、s, left C. would, leave D. had, left 【2017 乌鲁木齐】34.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday. A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun 【2017 襄阳】 -Did you go to the movie last night？ -Yes. But by the time I got there, the movie _ (开始十多分钟了). (for) (答案：had been on for over/more than ten minutes.) 【2017 襄阳】. What did he say to you just now? - He asked me _ (那些参加灭火的人员是不是已回来) for a few days. (back) (答案：if/whether the people who joined/took part in the putting out the fire had been back.)