高一英语初高中衔接专题十一主谓一致的考点集汇讲解和训练
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1、专题十一:主谓一致的考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则(1) 以单数名词或代词, 动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数; 主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由 and 或 both and 连接的 并列成分作主语时,
2、谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the righ
3、t to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, p
4、olice, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. ( 7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例
5、如: Where are my shoes? I can t find them.Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time. T
6、en dollars is too dear. (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:My family is big one. My family are watching TV. (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished. All of
7、 the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? (5) “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the e
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