Unit1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking课后练习（含答案）2022年人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

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1、 Unit1Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and Thinking课后练 Part I基础部分 一基础词汇训练 1._ vt.使懊恼; 使沮丧_ adj.懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的_ adj.令人懊恼的; 令人沮丧的_ n.懊恼; 沮丧 2._ vt.反驳; 相抵触; 相矛盾_ n.反驳; 不一致; 矛盾_ adj.相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的 3._ vt.使感染; 传染_ n.感染; 传染_ adj.受感染的 4._ vi.干预; 介入_ n.介入; 出面; 干涉 5._ vt.使改观; 使改变形态 vi.改变; 转变_ n.变化; 转

2、变 6._ adj.最初的; 开始的; 第一的_ adv.开始; 最初; 起初 二、单词拼写二、单词拼写 2、According to official _(统计数字), the disease killed a great many people. 3、Further _(证据) is needed to make sure such drugs do no harm to our health. 4、Our scientists have made _(重大的) advances in the research on COVID-19 vaccines. 5、Air, water, clo

3、thing and insects are all possible means of _(传染). 6、There is a _(减少) of nearly 60% in the number of visitors to the museum this month. 7、This kind of virus can cause _(十分严重的) damage to our health. 8、We use the hall for _(多种多样的) purposes, one of which is for lectures. 9、The poems may not make sense

4、and even seem _(相互矛盾的), but they are easy to learn and recite. 10、Cheer up! You neednt feel _(沮丧的) at your failure in the exam. 11、People believe that China will be _(使改变) into a more developed country. 三、三、单句单句语法填空语法填空 1. Its not Tom but you that are _(blame) for the traffic accident. 2. After thre

5、e hours of hard work, we finally had the problem _(solve). 3. The smart devices equipped with 5G technology can do the housework without humans _(intervene). 4. Through the doctors efforts, the number of people who suffered from cholera _(decrease) significantly by the end of last century. 5. He spa

6、red no effort to reduce the company losses, which was more successful than most of us expected _(initial). 6. The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _(transform). 7. The findings show there were too many health problems _(link) to poor diet and lack of exercise. 8.

7、 The traditional approach to _(handle) complicated problems is to break them down into simple ones. 9. Those who lack resistance are more likely to _ (infect) with the virus. 10. The twins felt _ (frustrate) at the lack of progress. 四、四、选词选词填空填空 in time attend to once and for all subscribe to as a r

8、esult thanks to in general draw a conclusion 1. Judging from what he said, I _ that hed been lying. 2. My sisters birthday is approaching. Luckily, the gift bought for her is sent _. 3. If you would like to receive regular daily news by email, then you can _ this service as follows. 4. _ the summer

9、camp for exchange students, they can learn a lot about Chinese culture. 5. Would you please _ the child when I am off to work? 6. Building a large gym is a tough task; it is not something that can be completed _ in a year. 7. Many mistakes have been escaping detection, and a lot of money has been lo

10、st _. 8. Through poverty-relief policies, farmers in this area _ are better off than they were three years ago. Part II提高部分 一、阅读理解 Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores. Using maps input by human employees, the AI-powered cleaners will travel in the store with n

11、o difficulty, sweeping the floorjust as human employees used to do. Perhaps the most striking thing about these robot workers is how not-striking they are. Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots who appear with their horrible qualities. Now the future is coming into view, and it lo

12、oks like a giant lie. Its easy to imagine walking past an Auto-C on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence. AI has already started to become a part of our everyday life. In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accidentall

13、y broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas. Days earlier in California, an auto-piloted Tesla drove a drunk, sleeping driver down a highway, which no doubt did some potential risks to the other drivers on the road. Highway patrol officers figured out on the spot how to stop the

14、 AI car. Of course, industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI. Tools with the power to release the burden of physical laborhorses, steam machines, self-driving carsalso come with the power to injure. And the presence of AI-powered machines just steps away from us is, for now, sti

15、ll a rare thing for most people. But the nature of robots coming into our daily life will make it harder to recognizeor object to the bigger changes they bring later. Walmart insists that the robot cleaners give employees more time for customer service and other tasks. Critics point out that they co

16、uld just as easily become an excuse to reduce staff and wages. 1.What is the difference between sci-fi movies and the reality? A.Now the human-like robot is not hard to recognize. B.Now people dont go to see the sci-fi movies. C.Now the human-like robots can tell lies. D.Now it is easy to ignore the

17、 robots. 2.Why were some workers in hospital in New Jersey? A.They damaged the robot first. B.The robot caused an accident on purpose. C.The robot made a mistake by chance. D.The robot driving them on the highway had an accident. 3.What is the attitude of the author to AI? A.Supportive. B.Objective.

18、 C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Artificial intelligence is bringing great effect to our daily life. B.Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across all its stores. C.We should say no to artificial intelligence. D.Artificial intelligence is dangerous to our lif

19、e. 二、七选五 Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and with good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether its keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. _1_ Heres what you should think about before downloa

20、ding an app for language learning. Learn from diverse sources (not just apps) Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources (资源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, ra

21、dio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language? _2_ Establish your purpose and plan your habits Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in on it for the brain training? The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable

22、. _3_ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return. Make it social _4_ I mean socializing in real life. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany

23、 you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Attend a language school. Just dont forget your phone! If I may speak sincerely, the combination of an app, a language school, Jim, evenings out, and a book or two of choice proved extremely effective. _5_ A. I recommend it. B. Remember that an

24、 app is just a tool. C. No, I dont mean posting your progress online. D. I encourage you to use apps as often as you can. E. Probably not, so why do so in your new language? F. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior. G. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really be

25、nefit. 三、完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for tru

26、th. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1294. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to suggest that we

27、should learn science 5 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths. Galileo(15641642), 7 , who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 8 could b

28、e discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 9 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 10 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileos 1

29、1 of going direct to nature, and proving our 12 and theories by experiment, that has 13 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 14 scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results. 1.A.use B.sense

30、 C.speed D.trust 2.A.relied B.based C.insisted D.centered 3.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately 4.A.date B.keep C.look D.come 5.A.in B.with C.on D.by 6.A.brought B.discovered C.handled D.announced 7.A.however B.therefore C.seldom D.never 8.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects 9.A

31、.although B.because C.when D.if 10.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal 11.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish 12.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability 13.A.led to B.turned to C.set up D.put forward 14.A.reasonable B.successful C.expert D.sensitive 15.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged 四、语法填空 Ch

32、olera used to be one of _1_(frightening) diseases. In the early 19th century, when _2_ outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause nor its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled

33、 _3_ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories _4_ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an infection from _5_ (germ) in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was cor

34、rect but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later with all the evidence he _6_ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _7_ (remove) so that it couldnt b

35、e used. Through his intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Whats more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that _8_ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _9_ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water

36、. Through John Snows efforts, the _10_ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 五五、书面表达、书面表达 假设你是李华, 与你以前的外籍教师 Mrs. Green直保持联系。Mrs. Green得知你校将在下周举办科技节, 她来信询问你校该活动的安排。请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。 (1)介绍你校科技节(科技活动及其成果展示, 如智能机器人竞赛等); (2)活动的意义; (3)希望她有机会来你校参加活动。 注意: (1)词数不少于 80; (2)可适当加入细节,

37、 使内容充实、行文连贯; (3)开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。 参考词汇: Science and Technology Festival 科技节 Dear Mrs. Green, _ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Part I 一、答案：1.frustrate; frustrated; frustrating; frustration 2.contradict; contradiction; contradictory 3.infect; infection; infected 4.intervene; intervention 5.transform; transformati

38、on 6.initial; initially 二、1.statistics 2. proof 3. substantial 4. infection 5. decrease 6. severe 7. multiple 8. contradictory 9. frustrated 10.transformed 三、 1.to blame 2.solved 3.intervention 4.had decreased 5.initially 6.transformation 7.linked 8.handling 9.be infected 10.frustrated 四、 1.drew a c

39、onclusion 2.in time 3.subscribe to 4.Thanks to 5.attend to 6.once and for all 7.as a result 8.in general Part II 一、答案：1-4.DCBA 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中Sci-fi movies suggest a future.even noticing its presence.可知,在现实中,人们经常忽略机器人的存在。而在科幻电影中,机器人是一种可怕的存在。D项(现在很容易忽略机器人)切合题意。故选 D。根据第二段可知,现在机器人是很难被注意到的,故 A 项“现在,类人

40、机器人不难识别”错误。B项“现在人们不去看科幻电影”文中未提及。根据第二段中的Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie.可知,这里的谎言,指的是科幻电影中的机器人与现实中的机器人完全不一样,并不是类人机器人说谎。故 C项“现在类人机器人可能说谎”不正确。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accid

41、entally broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.可知,亚马逊物流中心的一个机器人不小心打破了一个罐子,把工人们困在了对眼睛和肺有害的气体中,导致数十名工人住院治疗。故选 C。 A项(他们先损坏了机器人)、B 项(机器人故意地制造事故)及 D项(在高速公路上搭载他们的机器人出了事故)文中均未提及。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor-horses, steam machines, se

42、lf-driving cars-also come with the power to injure.可知,人工智能可以减轻人们的体力劳动负担,但同时有可能产生危害。因此作者对 AI的态度是“客观的”。同时最后一段针对沃尔玛使用机器人清洁工这件事,分别提到,沃尔玛与批评人士的观点,而作者对此没有发表看法,其态度也是 objective 客观的。故选 B。supportive 支持的;doubtful怀疑的;indifferent漠不关心的。 4.主旨大意题。第一段提出:沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用 360个机器人清洁工。结合剩余每段段首句可知,文章主要论述了“人工智能正在悄无声息地进入我们

43、的生活,对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。故结合选项可知,A(人工智能正给我们的日常生活带来巨大的影响)切合该话题。故选 A。B(沃尔玛很快将在其所有门店使用 360个机器人清洁工)为文章开头引出话题的一个具体事例;C(我们应该对人工智能说不)和 D(人工智能对我们的生活是危险的)表述过于绝对和片面。B、C、D这三项均不能概括本文的主旨。 二、答案：1-5. GEFCA 解析：1.空前一句讲到应用程序几乎可以在你生活的每个领域帮助你摆脱困境，无论是保持健康、与朋友沟通，还是学习语言，根据空后一句并结合下文三个小标题可知，空处讲的应该是使用语言应用程序的注意事项，故 G 项符合语境 2.空前一

44、句讲在母语里，你会把自己局限在一种媒介里吗，因此空处应该是对这一问题的回答，故 E项可能不会，那么在你的新语言里你为什么要这么做呢符合语境。 3.本段小标题是建立你的目标和规划你的习惯，空前一句讲到好的应用程序对你学习的好处，空后一句则提到这些应用程序促进习惯养成，因此空处讲的应该也是好的应用程序的特点，所以 F项符合语境。 4.本段小标题是将语言学习社交化，空后一句讲我的意思是现实生活中的社交，因此 C 项符合语境。 5.空前一句提到这种融合多种资源的方式非常有效，故 A 项我推荐它符合语境。 三、答案：1-5. ABBAD 6-10. BAABD 11-15. ABABC 解析：1.mak

45、e full use of充分利用, 充分使用。 2.be based on 表示以.为基础, 基于.。故 B选项正确。 3.结合语境可知, 此处表示仔细地核查想法。故 B 选项正确。casually随便地; carefully仔细地; quickly快速地; privately私下地。 4.由下文的the years 1214 and 1294可知, 此处表示现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。故 A选项正确。date back 追溯到; keep back阻止; look back 回顾; come back 回来。 5.根据后面的observing and experimenting o

46、n the things around us可知, 此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故 D 选项正确。 6.结合空后的many important truths可知, 他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故 B选项正确。bring带来; discover 发现; handle处理; announce宣布。 7.上文说 Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学的人。此处表示转折, 引出 Galileo 是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故 A选项正确。however然而; therefore所以; seldom很少; never 从不。 8.由空后的could b

47、e discovered by observation可知, 很多真理可以通过观察发现。truth事实, 真理。上文中的many important truths也是提示。故 A选项正确。problem问题; investigation 调查; subject主题。 9.此处表示原因, 所以选择because。故 B选项正确。 10.根据前文和后面的stones and proved Aristotle was wrong可知, 此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头, 因此选 unequal不相等的。故 D 选项正确。 11.由后面的of going direct to nature可知, 此处表

48、示科学精神(spirit)。故 A 选项正确。 12.设空处与后面and theories by experiment中的 theories 呼应, 此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故 B 选项正确。 13.这里是说正是 Galileo 的这种精神促成了现代科学的所有发现。lead to 促成; turn to 转向; set up建立; put forward 提出。 14.此处与文章开头的 a successful scientist对应。故 B选项正确。reasonable 理智的; successful成功的; expert 熟练的; sensitive 敏感的。 15.此处指那

49、些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故 C 选项正确。foresee预见; reject拒绝; produce 产生; challenge挑战。 四、答案：1. the most frightening 2.an 3.unless 4. that/which 5. germs 6. had gathered/gathered 7.removed 8.was polluted 9.to get 10. threat 五、答案： Dear Mrs. Green, How are you doing? Im glad to know that you are interested in the Sci

50、ence and Technology Festival, which is scheduled for next week at our school. And Id like to give you a detailed account of it. As you know, recent years have witnessed great achievements in after-school activities related to science and technology at our school. Therefore, it will be a hard-won opp