2013_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题08：定语从句

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1、专题 08 定语从句2018年高考题1.【2018北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。 “_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词 which引导。A 选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，

2、即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2018天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.【2018江苏】23. Self-

3、driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。故选 B。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的

4、关系词。2017年高考题【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等） 。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是

5、表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略） 。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick t

6、o their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词 that, 关系副词 why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom 用于指人，which 用于指物，不能用 that。

7、e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.【2017江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide

8、 starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”， “世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定 purposes，故选 C。句意：1963 年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。考点：考查定语从句【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that

9、 B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose 做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 2016年高考题1.【2016北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which

10、【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和 couple是所属关系，故用 whose作定语，whose children 相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。考点：考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等） 。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

11、eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略） 。eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I

12、find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词 that, 关系副词 why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom 用于指人，which 用于指物，不能用 that。eg. The man with whom y

13、ou shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2016江苏】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of which B. of t

14、hem C. of whom D. of those【答案】C【名师点睛】“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which / whom或者 of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用 whose来代替 of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I p

15、icked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some o

16、f which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的 the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的 the details of which=

17、whose details。考点：考查定语从句3.【2016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定

18、语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用 which。4.【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是 next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选 D。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点

19、睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。2015年高考题1.【2015湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottagesA. as B. where

20、 C. that D. which【答案】D【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词 that和关系副词 why不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2015北京】24.Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_you can hear some lovely music.A. whi

21、ch B.that C.when D.where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Pauls Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用 where。故选 D。【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时，应该考虑关系副词，所以学生需要记住这种方法。3.【2015重庆】14. He wrot

22、e many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在 1990年左右出版。先行词是 books，定语从句中 of缺少宾语，故选 B项。 【考点定位】考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词，用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词，不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词，而及物动词后接宾语，则要求关系代词。Do you know the

23、 boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句，首先从先行词入手，确实主语是人还是物，再根据定语从句缺少的成分来辨别到底用哪个引导词。4.【2015浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which【答案】C【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加 which的用法。【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个

24、定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用 where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用 when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词“。先行词指物，用“介词+which“，指人则用“介词+whom“， 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。5.【2015天津】15 The boss of the c

25、ompany is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. which C. when D. who【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为 atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。根据句意可知选 A。【考点定位】考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓

26、住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。6.【2015四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.Awhich B. what C. whose D. that【答案】C【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词 whose的用法，whose 在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，还是比较容易判断的。此题中如果在 covers之前加上定冠词 the，则需要用 of+which结构。即此题等同于：The books on the desk,

27、of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7.【2015陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex 总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是 the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词 when，所以选

28、 D。【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。8.【2015福建】34. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. who B. whom C.

29、 that D. which【答案】D【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用 where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用 when。Which 在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语，并且在从句中做主语。9.【2015江苏】21.The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案

30、】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了 17%。as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选 D项。考生容易误选 B项 which，把逗号前面的 the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用 which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as 和 which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住 as

31、 is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有 as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。【考点定位】定语从句【名师点睛】考生容易误选 B项 which，把逗号前面的 the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用 which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as 和 which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住 as is

32、reported这一常用结构，类似的还有 as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。10.【2015安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends.A. it B. that C. whose D. which【答案】D【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟 w

33、hom或which，指人用 whom；指物用 which。这里的先行词是 skill，指物。 2014年试题1.【2014重庆卷】9. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.A. which B. where C. when D. what【答案】A【解析】 试题分析：题意：再有一个月就能完成年初制订的销售目标。which 指代 targets, 在从句中充当 set的宾语，排除 B、C 两项；D 项只能引导名词性从句，而本题是一个定语从句，故选择 A项。考点：考查定语从句的用

34、法。【名师点睛】本题考查学生对定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志，没有逗号是限制性定语从句。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语缺少某一项时，应该考虑关系代词，本题从句中缺少宾语，要用 which或 that代替，因此考生需要记住这种方法。2.【2014北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to meA.who B. whichC. when D. Where【答案】B 【解析

35、】试题分析：本题考查定语从句，考查方式为选择连接词。根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为 book,定语从句中缺乏宾语（我朋友推荐给我“书” ） ，加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选 B。句意：上周我从图书馆借了福尔摩斯 ，这是我的同学推荐给我的。考点：考查定语从句的关系词。【名师点睛】考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month.

36、这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 （限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。 （非限制性）考生明确这两种就可以轻松解题。3.【2014天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them【答案】B考点：考查非限制性定语从句和主谓一致。【名师点睛】

37、考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词 which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。如：There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。本题中 which作主语，从句中的谓语动词是 uses ,是动词的单三形式，只能选择 B。4.【2014山东卷】10. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities

38、 abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：这是一个定语从句，a company 是先行词，profit 和 a company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词 whose。句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选 B。考点：考查定语从句的用法。【名师点睛】本题与 2015年四川卷第 3题类似 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词 whose的用法，whose

39、在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，考生应该容易判断。whose 是关系代词 who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose 通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力.Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。5.【2014江西卷】3

40、5. It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A. that B. as C. which D. when 【答案】D考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题与 2015年陕西卷第 15题类似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 关系代词 that, which

41、, whose, whom, as，who 在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做状语。1）如：I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park.（作时间状语）2） My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall.（作地点状语）3） This is the reason why you should leave.（作原因状语）把理论理解透彻了就可解题。6.【2014四川卷】4. I now, we have raised

42、 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.A. that B. which C. who D. it【答案】B【解析】试题分析:前后两个句子中间没有连词，是逗号，故判断为非限制性定语从句，that 和 it不引导非限制性定语从句，排除 AD选项。 who用来指代人， which用来指代物或者句子，而在本句中关系代词指代前面句子内容，故答案选 B。句意：直到现在，我们已经为穷苦儿童筹集了 50,000英镑，这真的出乎意料。【知识拓展】非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别关键看前后两个句子中间是否是逗号，是否有连词，比如：He

43、 has a daughter, who was admitted to a key university. 而 He has a daughter, and she was admitted to a key university . 考点：考查定语从句的用法。【名师点睛】本题与 2015年福建卷第 34题类似.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.非限制性定语从句能将整个主句

44、作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词 that和关系副词 why不能引导非限制性定语从句。大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例 A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.7.【2014福建卷】31. Students should involve themselves in community activities_they can gain

45、 experience for growth.A. who B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【知识拓展】被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。考点：本题考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题可以采取还原句子解题。还原为：Students should involve themselves in community activ

46、ities，they can gain experience for growth from community activities.加一个介词 from，副词 where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语。在本句中 they gain experience for growth from community activities=where they gain experience for growth8.【2014江苏卷】22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a g

47、ood impression is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句用法。句中的先行词为 work，在从句 a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。故 D正确。考点：考查定语从句用法【名师点睛】本题考查状语从句。状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。将从句恢复正常语序是：A good impression is a must in the work.所以要用 where作地点状语。故选 D。9.【2014陕西卷】13. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what【答案】A考点：考查定语从