2013_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题11：特殊句式

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1、专题 11 特殊句式2018年高考题1.【2018天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语 only when th

2、e car pulled up in front of our house。故选 B。点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉 It was/isthat后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词 that或者是 who。3.【2018北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent wil

3、l get you the help you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用 and；前后意思为相反关系时，用 or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。2017年高考题【2017江苏卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was

4、 it【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if省略，同时把 were/should/had提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I.，故选 B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。【名师点睛】在虚拟语气中，be 动词只能用 were；虚拟条件句省去连词 if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词.e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。I will go, should it be necessary. 假若

5、有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。若条件从句为否定句，否定词 not应置于主语之后，而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首。考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装【2017天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which

6、 D. that【答案】D考点：考查强调句型。【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。2016年高考题1.【2016江苏】34.Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activ

7、ities in the rural areas.A. they had encouraged B. had they encouragedC. did they encourage D. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查部分倒装。当 not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除 AD项，B 项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故 C正确。【名师点睛】部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词

8、do, does或 did，并将其置于主语之前。1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当 Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。2.

9、so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示“也“、“也不“ 的句子要部分倒装。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack.汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。3. only在句首，且强调状语时,句子也必须部分倒装。 例如：Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 其他部分倒装 1） so that 句型中的

10、 so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如： May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 考点：考查部分倒装2.【2016天津】13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.A. who B. which C. where D. that【答案】D考点：考查强调句。【名师点睛】判断一

11、句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。2015年高考题1.【2015湖南】31.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep B. to have keptCkeep Dhave kept【答

12、案】C 【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而 that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选 C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【考点定位】考查祈使句。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等.祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第 、三人称祈使句两大类.祈使句用于两个重要句型中；1 “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.2 “祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。2.【2015天津】3. Only when Lily wa

13、lked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize【答案】D【考点定位】考查倒装【名师点睛】本题考查 only放在句首的部分倒装。在句首的 only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语,则主句用倒装结构。但如果 only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构了。本题考生还需要注意判定时态，答案就不难选出。3.【2015湖南】23.Only after talking to two

14、students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered【答案】B【考点定位】考查 only置于句首的部分倒装。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查学生是否知道 only置于句首主句的句子要进行部分倒装以及部分倒装的定义。副词 only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被 only所强调的状语为状

15、语从句， 该状语从句不倒装， 只对主句进行倒装，但若位于句首的不是 only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装。after talking to two students是一个状语，故对主语进行倒装。要求学生熟练掌握这个知识点。4.【2015湖南】21.It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A. which B. that C. where D. how【答案】B【解析】试题分析：B； 根据分析：此句是

16、It was开头且去掉 It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调 when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who) 。句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选 B【考点定位】考查强调句。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关

17、知识的能力。强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It was/is开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉 It was/isthat后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词 that或者是 who。5.【2015重庆】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_ his m

18、usical gift was fully recognized.A. while B. though C. that D. after 【答案】C 【考点定位】考查强调句。【名师点睛】 not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如：Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到 1998 年他才回到家乡注意：当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为：It was not un

19、til 1998 that he returned to his hometown.2014年试题专题 11特殊句式1.【2014全国大纲卷】26. _the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do only B. Do not only C.Only not do D. Not only do【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的 but also被省略，not only 引导的句子置于句首时，需部分倒装。故选 D。【名师点睛】not

20、 only, but also.连接并列分句且置于句首时前倒后不倒，但连接并列主语时不倒装。Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either.修车厂不仅对我超额收费，而且维修工作还很差。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅帮助人们寻找工作。而且也将提供医疗给那些需要

21、的人。考点：考查倒装句。2.【2014天津卷】15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught【答案】D考点：考查倒装句和虚拟语气。【名师点睛】用在省略了 if的虚拟条件句中（把 were, had或 should移至主语前） ，采用部分倒装。Were she here, she would help us.(=If she were here, she would he

22、lp us.)3.【2014天津卷】1. Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.A. if B. or C. and D. while【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个大大的惊喜。固定用法：祈使句，and+一般将来时的句子，相当于 If you +祈使句, 一般将来时的句子;如果前后相反，则用 or表示否则的话。本句可以说成：If you give me a chance, Ill give you a wonderful surprise. if如果；or 否则的话；and 和；while, 然而

23、，当的时候。 考点：考查特殊句式。【名师点睛】祈使句用于两个重要句型中1 “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.2 “祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则；要不然”.试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train.(If you hurry up,youll catch the train)Hurry up,or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up,youll miss the train)4.【2014四川卷】3. Was it because J

24、ack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry?A. why B. who C. where D. that【答案】D【名师点睛】强调句型的构成：it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他，当被强调部分是人的时候 that 、who均可使用，否则只能用 that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉 it is / was that /who后句子仍然成立。比如：It was in London that they met each other for the first time .考点：考查特殊句式。 5.【2014福建卷】28.

25、The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30C in summer.A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so【答案】B【解析】试题分析：这里意思是“夏天的温度很少达到 30度” 。if not 要不；If ever 很少；if any 如果真有的话；if so 假如这样的话。所以选 B。句意：这里的气候非常好，夏天的温度很少达到 30度。考点：考查短语词义辨析及语境理解。【名师点睛】当从句中主语是 it，且谓语动词中又含有 be动词时，可以把 it和 be

26、动词一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever)+形容词的结构。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not. refer to the dictionary除非需要，你最好不要查字典。另外，我们还可以用 so或 not替代上文内容，此时可构成 if+ so/not的省略句式：Get up early tomorrow. If not (you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早点儿起床。否则的话，你会错过第一班公交车的。He may not be at home

27、 then,if so (he is not at home) ,leave him a note他那时可能不在家，如果是那样的话，给他留张字条。6.【2014福建卷】29. It was the culture, rather than the language, _made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroadA. where B. why C. that D. what【答案】C【名师点睛】强调句的句型 1. 陈述句的强调句型，It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强

28、调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。2. 一般疑问句的强调句型，同上，只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？4.not until 句型的强调句， 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。考点：考查强调句。7.【2014陕西卷】17. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had M

29、o Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查倒装句型。no soonerthan结构中的 no sooner置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。该句型中一般主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。考点：考查倒装句型【名师点睛】hardl

30、y, when, no sooner, than., never, not, no longer，little，not until，seldom，in no time，nowhere 等否定副词、否定的介词短语和连词位于句首时。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.直到老师来他才完成家庭作业。Never before have I seen such, a moving film.我以前从未看过一部如此感人的电影。【例】Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did

31、 go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装语序的用法。not until 位于句首时要用半倒装的句型，把助动词 did提到主语Mum的前面。所以答案为：B 【例】Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 【答案】A【解析】考查特殊句式。little 是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装

32、句，选 A。8.【2014陕西卷】23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay【答案】C【名师点睛】would rather 的用法1） “would rather+动词原形 ”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式（美国英语中多用 had rather） 。 d rather为 would（或 had）rather 的缩写形式。would (ha

33、d)在此决无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态的变化。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意为“宁可；宁愿；最好” 。例如：Hed rather work in the countryside. 他宁可到农村去工作。 If youd rather be alone, well all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。2）would rather与 than连用，可构成另一个惯用句式，即：“would rather.than”意为“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）；与其不如” 。用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。例如： I would rather wa

34、tch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。 3）在使用“would rather.than.”句型时，应注意以下几点：than 后边也应接动词原形，但如该句型前后连接的两个动词相同，则 than之后的那个动词可省去。例如： Id rather know that now than afterwards. 我宁可现在就知道这件事，而不是以后。 would rather.than.也可改写成 “would.rather than.”,其用法及含义仍不变。例如： Facing the enemies, our soldiers wou

35、ld die rather than surrender. 面对敌人，我们的战士宁死不屈。 . 有时为了表示语气上的强调，可将 rather than置于句首。例如： Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends. 我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。 . would rather后也可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。例如： Id rather she set out to do the

36、work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。 Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。 would rather后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。例如： Id rather have left a note on her desk. 我本想留张字条在她书桌上的。 （事实上没有留） 考点：考查固定特殊句式。9.【2014湖南卷】29.

37、Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep【答案】A考点：考查倒装结构用法【名师点睛】only+副词介词短语状语从句位于句首时。但 only+主语位于句首不倒装。Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

38、只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。 10.【2014湖南卷】33. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.A. that B. which C. what D. who【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查强调句结构用法。强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调主语 not doing the things we like, but liking the things

39、 we have to do。句意：是做我们喜欢做的事情，而不是喜欢我们不得不做的事情让生活幸福。故 A正确。考点：考查强调句结构用法【名师点睛】1. 在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。It is I who am a teacher.2. 在强调 not until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型It is(was) not until .that.。It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.3. 特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强

40、调结构是“被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？Where was it that you were born?2013年试题专题 11特殊句式1. 2013重庆卷 It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.Awho Bthat Cwhen Dhow【答案与解析】B 【解析】考查强调句。由于被强调的是 with the help of the local guide，而并非 guide, 所以用 that来连接。【名师点睛

41、】强调句型在高考中每年必出，关键是要会判断，平时练习时要有这个意识。基本结构是：it is /was+被强调部分+that/who+判断方法是去掉 it is /was that/who，如果句子不缺成分，即为强调句型。2. 2013课标全国卷 It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.Awhen B. that C. which D. what【答案】B 【名师点睛】强调句型在高考中每年必出，关键是要

42、会判断，首先掌握基本结构：it is /was+被强调部分+that/who+判断方法是去掉 it is /was that/who，如果句子不缺成分，即为强调句型。还有强调句的特殊问句和一般问句都要熟记。3. 2013课标全国卷 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated Dtreated

43、can be the patients【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有在提高这家医院医生的数量 50%之后，病人们才能在医院里得到良好的治疗。 only 加上强调的介词短语、状语或状语从句置于句首，句子需用部分倒装。【名师点睛】Only 放在句首，强调状语的时候，后面主句使用倒装句的语序。但注意如果 only后面接的是主语或宾语，就不用倒装句。注意：only 修饰状语从句放在句首时，状语从句不需要倒装，只能倒装主句部分。4. 2013天津卷 It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan

44、.A. that B. where Cwhy Dwhen【答案】A 【名师点睛】强调句型在高考中每年必出，关键是要会判断是否是强调句，基本结构是：it is /was+被强调部分+that/who+判断方法是去掉 it is /was that/who，如果句子不缺成分，即为强调句型。It was not until.that.，直到才，这是特殊的强调句，记住结构和含义。5. 2013四川卷 Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.A. or B. and C. but D

45、. so【答案】B 【解析】考查连词在特殊句型中的使用。此处考查句型：祈使句and将来时态的简单句。句意：读了这个故事，你会发现，不是每样东西都可以用金钱来买。【名师点睛】这题使用固定句型：祈使句+and/or+简单句。固定句型考的是平时学生的词汇和短语的积累量，对常见的固定句型要了然于心，了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，对于这类题，可从句意和句子结构着手。6. 2013江西卷 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _to him again.A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I

46、 speak【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装。句意：只有他为他的粗鲁行为道歉时，我才会再跟他讲话。only时间状语从句放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。when 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来，主句应该用将来时。【名师点睛】这题考查部分倒装的句式。 ”Only+介词短语/副词/ 状语从句”放在句首时，状语从句不需要倒装，只能倒装主句部分。用部分倒装，将 be动词，助动词，情态动词放在主语前面。但是如果 only不是接的状语就不能倒装。7. 2013辽宁卷 At no time _ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.Athey actual

47、ly broke Bdo they actually breakCdid they actually break Dthey had actually broken【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装。否定介词短语位于句首，用部分倒装。根据后面“it was unfair to punish them”中谓语是过去时，所以选 C而不选 B。【名师点睛】含有否定意义的词 never，seldom，little. hardly，not，scarcely，nowhere，by no means(决不)等置于句首时，用部分倒装。即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。8. 2013湖南卷 Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur【答案】D 【解析】考查倒装。句意：迈克尔从来没有想到过有一天自己会成为班上的优秀学生之一。否定词 not onc