2015_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题16:科普类说明文
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1、专题 16 科普类说明文2018高考题D【2018全国 I】We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outd
2、ated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from whe
3、n its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.
4、And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in
5、 every room of the house,“ said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray
6、tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old
7、products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices
8、?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D.
9、To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them. D.
10、 Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别,旧电子设备耗能高,不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each
11、product throughout its life 可知,Babbitts team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选 D。34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知,平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备,可以降低 44%的耗能。故选 B。35. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高,不环保。所
12、以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选 A。点睛:熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键,也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型:1. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things做同样的事,旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源,对环境有害,浪费钱财。2. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop m
13、onitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.根据 Babbitt团队的分析,旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备,它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是 1992到 2007window的两倍还多。3. They found that more o
14、n-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了 44%。 B【2018浙江】Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who st
15、udies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many en
16、d up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their produc
17、ts are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small p
18、ercentage of all garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often requir
19、e more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24. What has St
20、even Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garb
21、age.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.27. What is the best title for the text?A. Pla
22、stic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋造成了环境问题,尽管纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。24. 细节理解题。根据第一段 one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic
23、 shopping bags.和第二段 plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选 D。25. 词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用 Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的
24、产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风” ,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即 Bans on plastic bags,故选 A。26. 细节理解题。根据第四段 However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量,故选 D。27. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比,Plastic, Paper or Nei
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