2014_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题22：短文改错

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1、专题 22 短文改错2018 年高考题【2018全国 I】短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的次。删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；(2).只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 l1 处起）不计分。71. During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my

2、 father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also Iwent here again,they had a big separ

3、nte house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond,which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agr

4、eed.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。3. another 改成 other 考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将 another 改成 other。4. here 改成 there 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将 here 改成 there。5. chicken 改成 chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的 dozens of 可知，其后用名词复数形式。7. sell 改成 selli

5、ng 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词 by 后用动名词，故用 selling。8. happily 改成 happy 考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将 happily 改成 happy。9. 删除 for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有 every，each，last 等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除 for。10. but 改成 and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将 but 改成 and。点睛：本文中第 9 处改错是学生容易忽视的考点。时间名词有 every，each，last，th

6、is，that 等词修饰时，其前不用介词。例：We are going to fish this morning.I finished the course last winter holiday.【2018全国 II】短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：（1）.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；(2).只允许修改 10

7、 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。71. When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to u

8、s that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五

9、夜晚家长不允许作者看卡通片，而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白，这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有用。第一处：考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上” ，并不是所有关系，故把 Fridays 改为 Friday。第二处：考查名词单复数。all 表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把 sort 改为 sorts。第三处：考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子” ，a 用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the 表示特指。故把 the改为 a。第四处：考查动词不定式。

10、句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片） 。用不定式表示目的。故把watching 改为 watch。第五处：考查情态动词。would 后跟动词原形，故把 to 删除。第十处：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把 where 改为 when。点晴：名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别。一般来说，名词作定语通常说明被修饰的词的性质，而名词所有格作定语则强调对被修饰的词的所有（权）关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。 “the Party members（党员） ”中，名词定语表示 members

11、 的性质；“the Partys calls（党的号召） ”中，Party 具有动作发出者的作用，calls 虽然是名词，却具有动作的含义。a student teacher 实习教师，a students teacher 一位学生的老师。【2018全国 III】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限

12、一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done

13、 myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.“ Immediate, I raised my hand.【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了

14、写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。第一处：考查时态构成。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是 had done，所以begin 要改为 begun。第二处：考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为 was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以 wait 要用非谓语 waiting，表伴随。第三处：考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把 and 改为 or。第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。第十处：考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把 immediate 改为 i

15、mmediately。【点睛】此题中的难点为非谓语动词的考查，如第二处错误，第五处错误，第二处解答时要分析句子结构，根据句中是否有谓语，连词来判断使用谓语还是非谓语，再根据句子主语 everyone，与 wait 之间为主动关系，所以要用现在分词。而第五处则主要考查 be afraid to do 这一短语。 2017 年高考题短文改错记叙文2017全国卷假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()

16、划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car,

17、my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I

18、 came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.答案In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I stilleighteenthremember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the the/my instructors orders, so once I started the car, my

19、mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to mebut/yet wentaltogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turningwords Turnleft！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few muchminutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It wa

20、s a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in thelater sudden middle on the road. of【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。3. so 改为 but 或 yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将 so 改为 but 或 yet。4. goes 改为 went 考查时态。根据前文中的 started 可知时态为一般过去时，故将 goes 改为 went。5. word 改为 words 考

21、查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速” “减速” “左转” 。 word 表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将 word 改为 words。6. Turning 改为 Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速” “减速” “左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将 Turning改为 Turn。9. suddenly 改为 sudden 考查形容词。 “我”紧急刹车。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地” 。 sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的” ，修饰名词 stop。a sudden stop

22、 表示“急刹车” 。故将suddenly 改为 sudden。10. on 改为 of 考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示 “在路中间急刹车 ”。on the road 表示“在路上” ， the middle of the road 表示“路的中央” ，强调的是“the middle” 。故将 on 改为 of。【名师点睛】1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and 前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是 be 动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用。2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。例如第

23、 75 题将 word 改为 words。word 的意思主要是“单词,消息” ，words 可以表示为 word 的复数，也表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将 word 改为 words。3. 冠词错误：误用 a 和 an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定） ；误用 a/an 和 the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）例如第 72 题 first 前加 the 或 my。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在 first 前加上 the。也可以加上 my，my first day 表示“我（学驾照）的第一天” 。故在 first 前加 the 或 my。4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词

24、（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词） 。例如第 79 题将 suddenly 改为 sudden。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地” 。 sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的” 。a sudden stop 表示“急刹车” 。故将 suddenly 改为 sudden。5. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/hers

25、elf/themselves/ourselves）使 用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。例如第 76 题将 Turning 改为 Turn。分析语境可知教练的话“加速” ， “减速” ， “左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将 Turning 改为Turn。7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。例如第

26、 80 题将 on 改为 of。分析语境可知作者表示 “在路中间急刹车 ”，on the road 表示“在路上” ， the middle of the road 表示“路的中央” ，强调的是“the middle” 。故将 on 改为 of。2017全国卷假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

27、2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get

28、up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!答案Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the

29、school，and it takes themboth 或 allabout a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，they are interesting inan/one interestedplanting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up whichearlier and water the vegetables together. They have also b

30、ought some gardening tools. forearlyBeside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came,Besides information comesthey will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! to解析 考查记叙文，本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。7. Beside 改为 Besides 考查副词的用法。besides 在此表示 “除了还” 。8. information

31、s 改为 information 考查不可数名词。information 为不可数名词。 9. came 改为 comes 考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时” ，用一般现在时。10. students 后加 to 考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。 一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词

32、的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的8.informations 改为 information 考查名词单复数二、句法改错句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。例如：4.that 改为 which 考查非限制性定语从句。三、语篇改错语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。例如：

33、9.came 改为 comes 考查时态考点：考查短文改错2017全国卷假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time

34、flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:

35、car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.答案When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time fli

36、es. I had grown not ofonlyhavephysically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, Ibut taken entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. became Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my l

37、ife at that time: carthis/the that/whichmagazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，differentplaying pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me latest many happy memories of your high school days. my【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙

38、文，回忆了作者以前的故事。6. picture 前加 this/the 考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词 this/the 修饰。7. theythat/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things”是一个单句，而后面的 “they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后

39、面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把 they 改为that/which。8. differencedifferent 考查词形转换。修饰名词 kinds 用形容词。9. latelatest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意“收集最新的唱片”可知需要用最高级。10yourmy 考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面 me 可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。2016 年高考题1.【2016全国新课标 I】短文改错（10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词

40、的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at mea

41、l times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our bus

42、iness will grow steady.【答案】1. that where 2. but 去掉 3. had have 4. honest honesty 5. or and 6. using used 7. becoming 前加 of 8. the a 9. our his 10. steadsteadily 【归纳总结】在英语中 though、although、while 或者 as 等引导的让步状语从句不和 but 连用；连词because 不和 so 连用；此外，return 不和 back 连用。3. had have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。

43、4. honest honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词 honest 意思是“诚实的” ，是指人的性格特点。 5. or and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把 or 改为 and。6. using used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做” 。7. becoming 前加 of 考查介词。 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。 78. the a 考查冠词。 固定短语：in a short time 在短时间内。9. our his 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用 h

44、is 指代。10. steadsteadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处 grow 是实意动词，意思是 “增长” ，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。考点：考查短文改错2.【2016全国新课标 II】短文改错（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许

45、修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about worl

46、d. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.【答案】1.how 改为 what 2.chose 改为 choose 3.take 改为 taki

47、ng 4.but 改为 and 5.about 后加 the6.your 改为 our 7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should9.thought 改为 think 10.many 改为 much【解析】3.take 改为 taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语 staying at home 与 taking a trip 构成并列关系，都作为介词 between 的宾语。4.but 改为 and 考查连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用 and 连接上下文。5.a

48、bout 后加 the 考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词 the 通常表示特指，本句中 the 修饰 world 表示特指这个世界。6.your 改为 our 考查代词。应该使用 our 与本句的主语 we 保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词 knowledge 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如