北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测试卷（含答案解析）

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1、北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测试卷第一部分： 知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Milo is a rescue dog adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo _1_ running. Mil

2、o ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his _2_. Milo started scratching on the front door.Swift was _3_, because not everyone wants a strange dog on their property. But as she tried to _4_ Milo away, she could hear a soun

3、d coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice yelling “Help!” Hours earlier, around 4 a.m., Sherry Starr, 85, had risen from her bed. All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, she slipped and fell heavily on the floor. She was _5_ between the toilet and the tub and c

4、ould not move at all. Starr was _6_ and thought she was just going to die there.For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling: “Help! Help! Hellllp!” Her voice was very _7_ that no one could hear. Luckily, Milo _8_ heard Starr the moment Swift opened her own front door.Swift called the emergency n

5、umber 911. When the ambulance workers arrived, they thought theyd have to remove the toilet to _9_ Starr, but instead, they gave one last pull and out she popped. Though she was black and blue all over, Starr _10_ a trip to the hospital. Swift has known her own share of distress. Two years ago, her

6、mother died. She says that Milo has helped her with her grief. “That dog is a blessing,” she says.1. A. moved downB. took offC. reached outD. pulled up2. A. tailB. headC. bodyD. feet3. A. disappointedB. confusedC. embarrassedD. astonished4. A. giveB. sweepC. knockD. drag5. A. sunkB. stuckC. liftedD.

7、 settled6. A. surprisedB. boredC. puzzledD. scared7. A. weakB. sharpC. roughD. loud8. A. apparentlyB. hardlyC. slightlyD. temporarily9. A. trapB. dropC. freeD. lay10. A. avoidedB. failedC. declinedD. continued第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空

8、。I decided to volunteer for this years half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee _11_ (visit) my school. For the previous weeks, I had been trained on _12_ to be a volunteer for it. The exciting race began, Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners woul

9、d be arriving soon, we _13_ (quick) poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, Cathy and I started clearing up. Tired and wet with sweat, we felt good.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the f

10、ood you grow up with. Of course, each persons comfort food largely depends on the place _14_ they come for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, _15_ (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort

11、 food takes us back to our cultural roots, _16_ (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。During the opening ceremony of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, there was a surprise _17_ (appear) by Hollywood actor Morgan Fre

12、eman. The American superstar _18_ (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. It _19_ (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst _2

13、0_ life and decided to take on a range of sports tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AGREAT BOOKS TO TEACH CHILDREN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGEHere is a shortened list of books sponsored

14、 by the magazines TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for primary schoolers. To make the list we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.Experts recommend the youngest kids

15、 to read books that explore the beauty and fragility (脆弱) of nature. When developing an appreciation for the world around them, they can switch to books that show the cause and effect of how humans treat our planet, and why its important to respect the environment. For older primary school kids, pic

16、ture books can illustrate how our use of fossil (化石) fuels contributes to global warming. Most of the books on the list also offer lessons about how children, families, schools, and communities can make a difference.THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANETBy April Pulley SayreThis photography b

17、ook shows to us plants, animals and landscapes in vivid colors and descriptions. From up-close images of insects to pictures of mountain ranges, the pages introduce children to the planets diversity in a simple but effective way.THE LORAXBy Dr. SeussThanks to its rhyme, and whimsical illustration, t

18、his classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources, and also older kids who can see a danger in valuing profits over long-term environmental harm.WE ARE WATER PROTECTORSBy Carole Lindstrom A tribute to native tribes that are protecting the planet, this bo

19、ok vividly shows the harms of oil pipelines. Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Siouxs fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?By Robert E. WellsThis book introduces the greenhou

20、se effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped. It then explains fossil-fuel energy, and our reliance on it for electricity and transportation. The pages are full of science.21. To make the book list for kids, what should be considered first?A. Confusing story line.B. The tone of anx

21、iety.C. The books sponsorship.D. Age-appropriate content.22. What can kids learn from the book “WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS”?A. They can see the value of community action.B. They can know how to protect the native tribes.C. They can recognize the story of the native tribes.D. They can understand the imp

22、ortance of oil pipelines.23. Which book explains how the greenhouse effect come into existence?A. THE LORAXB. WE ARE WATER PROTECTORSC. POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?D. THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANETBIt was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different el

23、ementary schools in and around the small town of 100-Mile House, British Columbia, were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally saw David standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old, with messy red hair. But his

24、usual big toothy grin was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasnt with the other children. The only response he gave me was he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! Davids cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other chil

25、dren, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. It just took him longer. He had stubbornly run a total of twenty three kilometres in practice runs to prepare for that days two-and-a-half-kilometre run, and

26、he had asked me to come and watch. We sat down together on some steps, but David wouldnt look at me.I quietly said, “David, if you dont want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if youre not running because youre afraid someone is going to laugh, thats not a good enough reason. There will

27、always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way? If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “Im gonna run.”The starters gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres b

28、efore he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didnt matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldnt give up! I waited anxiously by the finish line a

29、s the most runners completed and another race had begun. Still no David! I started to feel sick. Had I done the wrong thing? Could he have become lost? Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caug

30、ht my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”24. What made David unable to run like other children?A. His mental problem.B. His physical condition.C. His laziness.D. His hesitation.25. David decided to run because _.A. he was encouraged toB. he wanted to be the firstC. he was laughe

31、d into doing itD. he knew it was a shorter distance26. Which of the following can best describe David?A. Brave and talkative.B. Out-going and kind-hearted.C. Lively and hard-working.D. Optimistic and strong-willed.27. By using the phrase “a toothy grin” in the last sentence, the writer intends to te

32、ll us about Davids _.A. competence in finishing a runB. positive attitude towards lifeC. ability to win cheers and applauseD. efforts to catch others attentionCMaking use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores

33、animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it co

34、mes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the res

35、ilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach

36、 these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has

37、 had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once w

38、idespread in these regions. Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The

39、 direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt an

40、d survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of impo

41、rtant seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.28. The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is

42、to _.A. highlight the problemB. predict the endingC. express an opinionD. provide a solution29. What does Fricke conclude from the study?A. plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.B. rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.C. seed-dispersing animals could hardly

43、 affect the natural ecosystems.D. the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.30. Which would be the best title of the passage?A. The Resilience of EcosystemsB The Conservation of Seed-dispersing AnimalsC. Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential And Under ThreatD. A

44、nimals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered And Well ProtectedDWeve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which

45、examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiov

46、ascular disease (CVD) mortality.The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through Decem

47、ber 31, 2015.After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linke

48、d to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explai