广东省广州市海珠区2021-2022学年高一下期末考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、广东省广州市海珠区2021-2022学年高一下期末考试英语试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt is common to see most livestreamers sitting in front of a desk in a well-decorated room. But Zeng Qinghuan, a 30-year-old from Xinhua County in Loudi, Hunan, has turned he

2、r whole village into a livestreaming set. Her goal is to use e-commerce to help her people live a better life. Known as “Xiangmei Xinbao” on Douyin, Zeng now has more than 3 million followers. One of her videos about traditional ways of planting and harvesting rice has attracted more than 300, 000 f

3、ollowers. Zeng used to study fashion design and has worked in some big cities before. In 2019 she returned to her village to care for her sick grandmother. She then found that she could build a career there -by being a livestreamer with the help of her cousin. At the beginning, she didnt make any mo

4、ney. Zengs parents didnt give her any support until she could stand on her own feet and help people sell their products. She has now sold local agricultural products worth tens of millions of yuan, like fermented tofu, preserved pork and dried sweet potatoes. “Im a daughter of the great mountains. I

5、 can also be a contributor to rural development in this new times,” she said. Rural revitalization (振兴) is a key part of Chinas 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25). Zeng hopes her experience can encourage more young people to return to their rural hometowns and start their own businesses. In 2021, after s

6、he became a deputy (代表) of the Loudi Municipal Peoples Congress, she put forward a proposal to ensure that “each village has one product and one livestreaming host of its own”, She plans to help cultivate 100 social media influencers from her county within three years, and two villages have taken pa

7、rt in the project. “I believe that the rural areas will become a big stage, and being a farmer will be seen is a respectable job too,” said Zeng.1. What does Zeng mainly introduce on Douyin?A. Fashion trends in her village.B. The education in her hometown.C. Traditional customs of her village.D. Agr

8、icultural products of her hometown.2. What do we know about Zengs livestreaming career?A. It was encouraged by her sick grandmother.B. It inspired more local villagers to follow.C. It brought her a fortune as soon as it was started.D. It was a great success with the help of her parents.3. What is Ze

9、ng going to do from the last paragraph?A. Invite more young people to her hometown.B. Expand her business to make more money.C. Train more social media influencers in her county.D. Produce more agricultural products to help the farmers.4. Which of the following best describes Zeng?A. Responsible and

10、 modest.B. Gifted and faithful.C. Caring and fashionable.D. Down-to-earth and ambitious.5. In which column of a newspaper will you probably find the article?A. Lifestyle.B. Travel.C. Science Study.D. World Today.BNearly 700, 000 people have taken part in the worlds largest wildlife survey, helping t

11、o count the numbers of wild birds in the UK. The Big Garden Birdwatch is organised every year by a charity called the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). It is a chance for people to record the birds that visit their garden, balcony or local green space. The survey gives the RSPB a sna

12、pshot of how different types of birds are doing, and whether their populations are going up or down. This year more than 11 million birds were counted. The house sparrow was the most commonly-seen garden bird, with more than 1.7 million recorded sightings. However, despite hitting the top spot, its

13、numbers are lower than in 2021. There was a rise in greenfinch numbers, which gives hope that the species may be recovering from a big drop in population over the last 30 years, mainly caused by disease. The survey also showed that numbers of jay, a colourful member of the crow family, have increase

14、d by 73% compared to 2021. Almost 60, 000 schoolchildren took part in the survey, which involved spending an hour in nature counting different types of birds. Wood pigeons were the most commonly spotted by schools, with an average of eight seen by the schools that took part. Blackbirds came a close

15、second. The Big Garden Birdwatch bas been running since 1979, providing valuable information on the welfare of the UKs wild birds for the last 43 years. The RSPBs chief executive officer. Rebecca Speight, said, “Its been brilliant to see so many people taking part this year, taking time out to watch

16、 and reconnect with birds.” she added. “Spring is amazing. Spring sees the return of natures biggest music festival, the dawn chorus. Open your back door, a window or simply step outside and listen.”6. The Big Garden Birdwatch is held every year to _.A. make a survey on the worlds wildlifeB. develop

17、 family relationship in the UKC. learn the present situation of UKs wild birdsD. encourage people to take photos of the wild birds7 What can we know about the house sparrow?A. It is usually spotted by schoolchildren.B. Its number decreases compared to last year.C. It is the most commonly-seen bird i

18、n the world.D. It is a colourful member of the crow family.8. Rebecca Speights words implies that _.A birds are easily watched and reconnected in springB. the connection between people and nature becomes closerC. spring is the best time for music festivals outdoorsD. RSPB are becoming less popular a

19、mong people9. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To instruct how to watch the birds.B. To describe different kinds of birds.C. To argue for the protection of wild birds.D. To introduce a bird counting activity in the UK.10. What is the authors attitude towards the activity?A. Objective.B. Disappr

20、oving.C. Positive.D. Unclear.CIn the Beijing Winter Olympics, we were treated to incredible displays of athletic talents as competitors took to the snow and ice. As a popular sport at the Winter Olympics, ski jumping is one of the best examples to showcase the “superhuman” power of athletes. Ski jum

21、pers soar into the air and appear to be almost flying in the sky. How do they achieve this? Physles can offer us an explanation of how they make it. It involves the use of the laws of aerodynamics (空气动力学) to fight against gravity and increase lift while reducing drag. To understand how ski jumping w

22、orks, we need to consider three elements: gravity, lift and drag. Gravity is the force that pulls us towards an object. Lift occurs when an object is moving through the air as its surface comes into contact with air particles (微粒), the particles are pushed down and away from the object, allowing it

23、to move up. At the same time, this interaction creates drag, and slows down an objects movement. While there is nothing that the skiers can do about gravity, they can twist their bodies into positions that allow them to achieve greater lift and avoid as much drag as possible. According to the Smiths

24、onian Magazine, “To do this, athletes try their best to make their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position increases the surface area that produces lift and puts them in the ideal angle that will also maximize (最大

25、化) lift.”Because of how the sport works, athletes equipment is strictly controlled according to weight and height in order to avoid any unfair advantages. This means suits must be tight in order to ensure athletes cannot use them as a way to gain more lift. For athletes, minor day-to-day water weigh

26、t changes as little as 300 grams. It can mean that suits will not be tight enough according to their body mass indexes (体重指数).11. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the second paragraph?A. Ski jumping.B. Athletic talent.C. Physical science.D. Superhuman power.12. What contributes in lift

27、 in ski jumping?A. The interaction between force and drag.B. The interaction between gravity and balance.C. The interaction between air particles and gravity.D. The interaction between skiers and air particles.13. What should ski jumpers do in order to achieve the best performance?a. Keep their bodi

28、es and skis parallel to the ground. b. Change their positions as little as possible. c. Position their skis in a V-shape when they jump. d. Increase the angle as much as possible.A. acB. bcC. cdD. ad14. What is required to ensure fair play in ski jumping?A. Specially made suits.B. Strict control of

29、athletes height.C. Standardized equipment.D. Much daily water intake.15. Whats the main focus of the text?A. The techniques used by ski jumpers.B. The scientific principles behind ski jumping.C. Rules of the ski jumping competition.D. Excellent performances in ski jumping.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据

30、短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。China welcomed three heroic astronauts home on April 16. The re-entry module carrying astronauts touched down safely at the Dongfeng Landing Site in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts six-month space mission. This return m

31、arks a major breakthrough for Chinas efforts in space. _16_Speed recordThe mission set a new speed record. The Shenzhou XII return capsule revolved around the Earth 11 times over 24 hours. _17_ The Shenzhou XIII mission was simplified to only five orbits and was designed to return more efficiently,

32、according to the Chinese Academy of Space Technology._18_It also needed more accurate orbital calculations. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it could quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Yanan, editor-in-chief of Beijing-based Aerosp

33、ace Knowledge magazine, told the Global Times.Temperature controlAnother challenge for astronauts returning to Earth is traveling through the atmosphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmosphere, there is fierce friction with the air. _19_ To solve this problem, the researchers designed a he

34、at-resistant coating on the surface of the Shenzhou XIII return capsule. They also laid a layer of a special material that takes away the heat. LandingThe re-entry capsule landed upright in the right area. Such a landing position is rare in Chinas space flight history. _20_ To achieve this, astronau

35、ts must operate and let go of parachute (降落伞) with accurate timing. Landing upright is the ideal way to land, ensuring astronauts have the softest landing, Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing, told Science and Technology Daily.A. We have made great efforts to land successfully for years

36、.B. Lets look at some of the technical details of the mission.C. Some strategies may help you better understand the mission.D. This approach required more precise control of the spacecraft.E. The surface temperature of the capsule can reach thousands of degrees.F. Shenzhou XIII shortened the time to

37、 about 9 hours, orbiting Earth five times.G. So far, only Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou XIII have achieved an upright landing.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I have a birthday coming up soon, but I decided not to put any candles on my cake this yea

38、r. I thought that 46 of them might _21_ the icing (糖霜) or set off the smoke alarm. When I looked in the _22_ this morning I didnt see a middle-aged man _23_ me. Sure there was gray in the hair and wrinkles around the mouth and eyes. Yet, when I saw his _24_ and the twinkle in his eyes I felt as vita

39、l (有活力的) and _25_ as I ever had. It is such an amazing thing that we can grow younger on the inside _26_ we grow older on the outside. Some of the most loving, _27_ and vital people I know live inside ancient bodies that have seen far better days. They have _28_ for life. They smile often, laugh a l

40、ot, and take life one day at a time. On the inside they are far younger than I could ever _29_ to be. They remind me that old bodies dont always _30_ old hearts. I hope then that when your own _31_ comes around, your heart will feel as _32_ as ever. I hope that you will remember that you are not _33

41、_ on a calendar or candles on a cake. You are _34_ a forever young spirit. Your body may age, weaken, and _35_ die, but you never will.21. A. removeB. decorateC. buildD. ruin22. A. candlesB. mirrorC. skyD. eyes23. A. looking back atB. catching up withC. getting rid ofD. keeping away from24 A. smileB

42、. handsC. sweatD. tears25. A. guiltyB. romanticC. aliveD. disappointed26. A. untilB. orC. whileD. because27. A. joyousB. pitifulC. specialD. painful28. A. principlesB. enthusiasmC. fearD. plans29. A. refuseB. waitC. agreeD. hope30. A. reason withB. leave outC. make forD. wake up31. A. birthdayB. dre

43、amC. opportunityD. holiday32. A. quietB. luckyC. youngD. close33. A. picturesB. numbersC. toolsD. tasks34. A. neverB. onceC. thereforeD. instead35. A. casuallyB. eventuallyC. unluckilyD. immediately第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If youve got a lot of musical ideas in y

44、our head, but havent got an instrument to help them out, well, there are plenty of websites and apps that could be useful. Soundwaves is a clever website where you can make music _36_ dragging and dropping sounds into place. You can also invite friends to do it with you, _37_ (make) tracks together

45、over the Internet. Loland50 is a free site _38_ celebrates some famous drum machines and synthesizer (电子合成器) by letting you play virtual versions of them. It may seem complicated at first sight, _39_ actually it is just about clicking to create patterns of drums, then experimenting with virtual dial

46、s _40_ (change)the sounds. If you are wanting to do more than just noodle around, software and apps such as Voicetraps and Handlab _41_ (give) you a selection of beats, sounds and virtual instruments. They will also let you record singing or playing all by _42_ (you).Finally, Robotlox has its own mu

47、sic-making game _43_ (call) Splosh in which you became a virtual DJ. You can create your own tunes from its _44_ (collect) of beats and the melodies and play them live to your friends on the dancefloor. Whether you are making tracks for fun or want a career in music, these tools will get you started

48、 and give you the confidence to explore _45_ (far).第三部分 写作（共三节，满分50分）第一节 单词拼写（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）根据句子意思和中文提示完成下列句子，每空只填一个单词。46. England was _ (征服) by the Normans in 1066. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)47. After hearing that he quit the competition, my first _ (反应) was one of shock. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）48. The _ (氛围) at work is fairly informal