北京市房山区2021-2022学年高一下期末考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、北京市房山区2021-2022学年高一下期末考试英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Having worked at 7-Eleven for two years I thought I had become successful at “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a _1_ smile and an automatic “sir” “madam” and “t

2、hank you” would see me through any situation that I might meet. But one night an old woman _2_my faith that a ready but not sincere response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with others.The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighti

3、ng and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were _3_, she slowly pushed open the glass door and lamely made her way down the nearest aisle（通道）.On such a cold night, she was only _4_ a dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and there were no stocking or socks on her legs.After wanderi

4、ng around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up some corn niblets（玉米粒）and stared at the label. As I stood close to her, my _5_ became harder to maintainher sweater was smelly and dirty.To my bright “Can I help you?” she replied,

5、 “I need some food, any kind.”“Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice, “Or, if you like, we have a special on sausage today. ” “I cant pay,” she said.For a second, I intended to say, “Take the corn.” But suddenly the employees _6_ flooded into my mind: “Remain polite b

6、ut let the customers know that you are in control.” For a moment, I even held the idea that this woman was someone from the head office, _7_ my loyalty. So I responded _8_, “Im sorry, madam, but I cant give away anything for free.”The old woman looked _9_ and her hands trembled as she put the can ba

7、ck on the shelf. She passed me toward the door, her worn and dirty clothing hardly covering her bent back.Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of the day, I couldnt drive her _10_ off my mind. I had been young, healthy. She ha

8、d been old, sick and desperate. Wishing that I had acted like a human being rather a robot, I was sad to realise how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts（本性）.1. A. hiddenB. friendlyC. weakD. forced2. A. shookB. provedC. supportedD. doubted3. A. cheerfulB. forcefulC. painfulD. graceful4. A.

9、 buyingB. carryingC. holdingD. wearing5. A. smileB. gestureC. patienceD. attention6. A. goalsB. rulesC. trainingsD. responsibilities7. A. praisingB. testingC. rewardingD. criticising8. A. curiouslyB. silentlyC. dutifullyD. unconsciously9. A. scaredB. satisfiedC. excitedD. disappointed10. A. behavior

10、B. smellC. expressionD. image第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。We all know that _11_ (honest) is an important value and _12_ lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that theyve never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves _13_the knowledge

11、 that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”; little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Benjamin Franklin once _14_ (carry) out a famous experiment to prove that lightning was a form of electricity. He raised _15_ kit

12、e with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key _16_ (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by _17_ (touch) the key.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Sa

13、mothrace, is a marble Hellenistic sculpture of Nike, _18_ was created about the second century BC. Since 1884, it _19_(display) in the Louvre and is one of the most celebrated _20_ (sculpture) in the world.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAfter

14、 a long period of lockdown, now it is time to relax. Head out to find surprising holiday decorations to warm your heart and make your season bright. Come on, light shows are waiting for you.Holiday Lights on the BoardwalkTake a walk by the ocean and experience a holiday light display along the Long

15、Beach Boardwalk, dusk to 11 p.m. daily and weekends through mid-January, from Long Beach to Park Avenue.Free, 516-432-6000. You can also check the storefronts along Park Avenue for more holiday lights.Town of Islip Holiday Light ShowBring the family to see the lights from the comfort and safety of p

16、ersonal vehicles as you drive through the 1/8-mile light display on the grounds of historic Brookwood Hall. Decorations have been given by Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs and Public Works staff.Cheap, 516-433-6742. From 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. Dec.22; Brookwood Hall Park.Suffolk County Holiday Light

17、s ShowThe Suffolk Countys drive-through display features two miles of holiday-themed lights; opens from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. through Dec. 30. Closed Dec. 24-25. Tickets will be sold at the gate and payment can be made with credit cards only, no cash, $25; $22 on Dec.30.Monday through Friday: 631-543-662

18、2.Christmas HouseIndoor family-friendly walk through holiday experience, highlights include a real snow room; 3 to 11 p.m. Monday-Thursday; 3 p.m. to 1 a.m. Friday; 10 a.m. to 1 a.m. Saturday; 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. Sunday through January. Guests must wear masks, maintain social distancing and purchase

19、tickets with assigned arrival time in advance online.$30 for adults, $25 for kids aged 10 and younger, 631-591-0455.21. Which light show is the cheapest?A. Christmas House.B. Holiday Lights on the Boardwalk.C. Town of Islip Holiday Light Show.D. Suffolk County Holiday Lights Show.22. Visitors can ca

20、ll _ to get more information about Suffolk County Holiday Lights Show.A. 516-432-6000.B. 516-433-6742.C. 631-543-6622.D. 631-591-0455.23. What must visitors do when visiting Christmas House?A. Visit the real snow room.B. Take the family members.C. Buy tickets with credit cards.D. Purchase tickets ah

21、ead of time.BHOW ONE MAN MADE A DIFFERENCESwiss businessman Henry Dunant, at the age of 31, was already a successful businessman. At the time, France was fighting with the Italian army in a war against Austria. However, he needed the help of Napoleon for one of his business deals. Dunant knew that N

22、apoleon would be with his army in northern Italy, so he travelled to the city of Solferino to look for him.Dunant arrived on the night of 24 June and found a battlefield filled with 40,000 dead and wounded soldiers. Dunant was horrified by the scene and was filled with compassion for the wounded men

23、. At once, Dunant began attending to the wounded men. In the days that followed, he led local people in helping take care of the wounded and dying. They looked after the soldiers without regard to country or uniform, saying, “All are brothers!”When Dunant returned to Switzerland the following month,

24、 he wrote a book about his experience called A Memory of Solferino. Within the book, he described the battle, its costs, and the chaotic circumstances afterwards. He also developed the idea that in the future, a neutral organization should exist to provide care to wounded soldiers. Dunant began to t

25、ravel through Europe to distribute the book and promote his ideas. His book was largely positively received. This eventually led to the forming of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863. The first act of the Red Cross was to organize an international conference (the Geneva Convention)

26、where countries adopted guidelines and measures for protecting the wounded and medical workers during and after battles. While the Red Cross is mostly tasked with helping people in times of war, it also responds to natural disasters and gives aid to people who have to leave their homes. For example,

27、 the Red Cross provided aid and relief after the May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China.Dunant himself gave up everything to save the world. His business failed because he was too busy with his work in the Red Cross. Then Dunant had to leave the Red Cross because of a personal conflict. Desp

28、ite this, he continued to work as a volunteer, helping provide relief to people caught up in war. In the end, he lost all his money, fell ill, and had to be taken in by a charity. By this time, the Red Cross had become famous, but he was mostly forgotten. In the last years of his life, though, he wa

29、s discovered by a newspaper reporter. From then on, he was celebrated around the world as the man responsible for saving many thousands of lives. Though he is long gone, his spirit continues with us until this day.24. Where does Dunants idea of forming the Red Cross come from?A. The encouragement of

30、 other devoted volunteers.B. His travel through Europe to distribute the book.C. His unsuccessful business deals with Napoleon .D. His experience to help wounded soldiers in Solferino.25. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A Dunants business failed because of the outb

31、reak of war.B. Dunant finally left the Red Cross and no longer continued to volunteer.C. In Solferino, the volunteers attended to the soldiers only from Austria.D. Dunant travelled Solferino originally to look for Napoleon for business deals.26. How does the Red Cross aid people in need according to

32、 the author?A. Organizing international conferences.B. Giving aid to homeless bankrupt people.C. Helping people in times of natural disasters.D. Providing guidelines for protecting soldiers.27. What can best describe Henry Dunants quality?A. Generous and confident.B. Responsible and selfless.C. Easy

33、going and intelligent.D. Determined and independent.CTwenty years ago, crises like the Californias wildfires and Hurricane Laura that occurred last year could have been described as “natural disasters”. Thanks toclimate change, this is no longer the case. Around mid-August last year, the temperature

34、 in Death Valley once reached the highest ever recorded on Earth. A hotter, drier California is much more likely to burst into flames. The Gulf of Mexico too is heating up. Hurricanes draw their energy from the warmth of the surface waters and so are becomingstronger and more likely to increase. Per

35、haps we should call these events in a new term, “man-made natural disasters”.People now play such an important role on the planet. By cutting down forests and digging mines and building cities, weve changed half of the ice-free land on Earth. With our advanced tools, we move around more earth than a

36、ll the worlds rivers and streams. As a result, all sorts of disasters extend across the line between man and nature. Many earthquakes, for example, are nowcaused by human activity. Meanwhile, as the climate continues to warm, wildfires will grow even larger and storms more damaging. Whats to be done

37、? According to some scientists, the best way to deal with human intervention in the natural world is to intervene better. Old technologies got us into this situation; new ones will get us out. Supporters of this view note the striking advances that are being made all the time, in fields ranging from

38、 computing to material science. To prevent climate change, engineers have built machines that take CO2 out of the air. Today the numbers are limited, but perhaps one day theyll be as common as telephones.As for me, I think that the choice we face is not whether to change the world; that decision unf

39、ortunately has been made. The decision going forward ishoware we going to change it. Over the years Ive interviewed scores of scientists, inventors, and industrialists, and Im continually impressed by how clever humans are as a species. But then the wind blows in smoke from 3,000 miles away, and Im

40、reminded of how dangerous we are as well.28. What does the first two paragraphs want to tell us?A. Natural disasters have become much more severe.B. People have changed the earth with advanced tools.C. Natural disasters now are caused by human activity.D. People now play such an important role on th

41、e planet.29. Why does the author mention machines that take CO2 out of the air?A. To prove that greenhouse effect problems are solvable.B. To explain that we can intervene better in the natural world.C. To show that technological advances are striking all the time.D. To indicate that new technologie

42、s will be very common one day.30. According to the last paragraph, the author would agree that _.A. we should not change the world any moreB. we should feel proud of humans intelligenceC. we should reconsider the way we change the worldD. people should be aware of the potential threat from human act

43、ivityDMost students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results, they feel that IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that th

44、ere is nothing they can do to change facts. However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the followin

45、g description. At work, it is IQ that gets you hired, but it is EQ that gets you promoted. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someones future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.Professor Salovey

46、 may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high E

47、Qs as well. This association can exist, but it is as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be trou

48、bled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus, they have a harder time surviving in life.People generally believe that a persons IQ is determined by birth. However most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Some are trying to study the possibility to improving a persons EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”