北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一下期末统一检测英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一下期末统一检测英语试题第一部分 知识运用（共四节，共40分）第一节（共15分，每小题1.5分）请阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。FULL HOUSEWalk into the _1_ of Anne Belles and her husband, and youll see kids everywhere there are 30 boys in this crowded house and Anne Belles is their mom. Belles has wanted to _2_ chi

2、ldren since she was a kid. “I was touched by a musical based on the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist (雾都孤儿). I told my mom, Thats what I want to do. I want to give protection and care to orphans (孤儿).”Annes boys _3_ in age from 3 to 25. All of them are _4_ in some way. “They each have special need

3、s physically, emotionally, or at school,” says Belles. She doesnt focus on what her kids cant do, only on what they can. In an interesting twist, thirteen of her _5_ are going to be in a local theaters production of Oliver!Raising 30 boys is no _6_ task. Every day, a small army of childcare workers,

4、 nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.The family receives $26,000 a month from the government, and has some _7_ from a family business. All the money is spent on the children; having new clothes and fancy cars isnt _8_ to Belles.How do the kids feel? Says

5、 17-year-old Anthony, “The family is always there whenever I need something Under all this chaos (杂乱), I feel like I am _9_.”“This was my dream. And everything about what Im doing was everything I wanted to happen in my life,” says Anne Belles. “So, absolutely no _10_; this is perfect. I couldnt ask

6、 for it to be better maybe a bigger house, you know, would be nice.”1. A. classroomB. homeC. factoryD. office2. A. educateB. greetC. helpD. manage3. A. rangeB. resultC. increaseD. freeze4. A. warnedB. ignoredC. threatenedD. challenged5 A. volunteersB. workersC. boysD. nurses6. A. mainB. smallC. joyf

7、ulD. familiar7. A. incomeB. feesC. programmesD. permission8 A. extraB. importantC. effectiveD. enough9. A. curedB. neededC. lovedD. found10. A. choiceB. extremesC. hopeD. regrets第二节（共15分，每小题1.5分）A请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The United Kingdom has a long and interest

8、ing history _11_ (explore). Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you _12_ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people _13_ took over at different times throughout history.First, the Romans came. Some of their great _14_ (achievement) included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Sa

9、xons _15_ (arrive). Then, the Vikings. The last group were the Normans. They had castles _16_ (build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered _17_ the English language.B请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内

10、所给词的正确形式填空。Dong Shuchang, a 23-year-old photographer, won the title of the Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021, becoming the _18_ (young) winner of the top photography competition in astronomy. His photograph “The Golden Ring”, _19_ (take) in Tibet (西藏) in 2019, shows the moon blocking out most

11、of the solar disc and _20_ (leave) only a thin ring of sunlight shining through.第三节（共5分，每小题1分）请根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填入相应位置。方框中每个词组只能用一次。provide for in memory of keep sb. company in spite of belong to21. The Dragon Boat Festival is _ a Chinese poet.22. At age 50 Jan found herself out of work and st

12、uck at home with only her dog to _.23. _ suffering from deafness in his late life, Ludwig van Beethoven continued writing music.24. In order to _ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.25. “The future _ those who prepare f

13、or it today”this quote is to remind us every effort we make today is going to matter at some point in the future.第四节（共5分，每小题1分）请根据首字母和中文提示，填入合适的单词，使句子完整。请在答题卡指定区域写出完整单词，进行作答，26. To a person nothing is more p_ (宝贵的) than their life. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)27. The editors admitted the mistake and a_ (道歉) to the

14、 readers. (根据中英文提示填空)28. There are countless articles telling us how High-Speed Railway has made our lives more c_ (方便的). (根据中英文提示填空)29. The failures made the scientists sad and d_ (失望的), but the desire to launch a spacelab into space never died. （根据中英文提示填空)30. When youre designing the handbook, ple

15、ase make sure that it c_ (包含) all the important information. (根据中英文提示填空)第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）请阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。AAs any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother means a lot of walking in someone elses shadow, especially when you have a brother w

16、ho is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just werent made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.I probably would have continued trying to

17、 keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new meaning of “cool”.I dont know what mad

18、e me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadnt fit Tysons definition of “cool”, I had never pursued th

19、em. On this day, for some reason, I did.As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didnt feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers (同伴) who understood me. It was so good

20、 to feel accepted for what Im good at.For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! Im Tysons little brother, but thats only part of my identity. Im a cool guy in my own way, too. Im relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.31.

21、What makes Tyson a typical example of “cool”?A. He has long legs and dresses fashionably.B. He pays little attention to others.C. He always shadows his brother.D. He is really good at sports.32. What made the author feel “cool”?A. Going to a new school all by himself.B. Accepting peers with the same

22、 interest.C. Taking part in activities of a science team.D. Refusing to be identified as Tysons brother.33. What can we learn from the story?A. Never judge a book by its cover.B. Find yourself and be yourself.C. Life is full of possibilities.D. Skill is no burden.BScientists Crack Monkey BehaviourSc

23、ientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys (长尾猕猴) in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.Long-tailed macaques are one of only a few primate species (灵长类物种) known to use stone tools. The maca

24、ques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs. They crack them open and scoop out (挖出) the flesh to eat.On two neighbouring islands off the coast of Thailand, one group of macaques were seen reusing their tools, called hammer ston

25、es, whereas the monkeys on the other island threw their stones away after using them once. A team of scientists from the UK, Germany and Thailand, led by Lydia Luncz from the University of Oxford, studied hammer stones found on Yao Noi island and on nearby Boi Yai island.Distinctive patterns of wear

26、 on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools. The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadnt been used much at all. The hammer stones used by each group were so dif

27、ferent that the researchers were able to work out which group had used the tool just by looking at it. At first, the researchers thought there might be a shortage of stones on Boi Yai, which would explain why one group reused them. However, the team soon found lots of solid stones on both islands.Th

28、ey think that the difference in the behaviour of each group is an example of culture. Culture is the ideas, customs and social behaviour in a group and is a typically human quality. It includes shared habits passed down from older to younger animals. The different patterns of behaviour between the t

29、wo groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments. “The use of tools is passed on from monkey to monkey as they learn from each other,” said Luncz.The researchers hope that this work will be help

30、ful for scientists Studying any early humans and the way they used stone tools.34. What can we know about the macaques from the first two paragraphs?A. They can make use of stones.B. They use different tools to hunt.C. Their favourite food is shellfish.D. Their groups live far from each other.35. Wh

31、at does the underlined word “wear” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Damage.B. Dirt.C. Size.D. Decoration.36. According to the passage, researchers may believe that _.A. macaques on Boi Yai work harderB. macaques on Yao Noi have more stonesC. macaques have their own traditions in groupsD. macaques lea

32、rnt some behaviour from humansCThe success of Blue Origins space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich persons game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but help

33、ing its inhabitants better understand their world.“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet,” Smith said in an interview. “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking t

34、he photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.”Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send

35、 humans into the stratosphere (平流层). It is designing a luxurious capsule (豪华太空舱) that fts six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Spac

36、e View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000 $840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people

37、 visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective (视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”37. What do the public think of Blu

38、e Origins space tourism fights?A. Successful.B. Pollutive.C. Beneficial.D. Costly.38. Why does Jane Smith mention the photo of Earthrise?A. To review the history of the photo.B. To express respects to Apollo astronauts.C. To remind people of the beauty of the space.D. To explain the significance of

39、space exploration.39. What do we know about Space View?A. It has made much money from space tourism.B. It aims to make space tourism popular.C. It plays a part in Blue Origins flights.D. It has sent six passengers into space.40. What would be the best title of the passage?A Is Space Tourism a Rich P

40、ersons Game?B. Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism?C. Why Should the Public Know about Space?D. How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容、从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Walking Under LiverpoolIn most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large

41、 cities. It is full of people, restaurants, museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. _41_ For many years, the tunnels (地道) were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover tha

42、t the old ales were true. A huge network of tunnels snaked under the city.We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. _42_ Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what? We can only guess._43_ Many peop

43、le were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he

44、 was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen. _44_45_ Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels r

45、emains.A. But there is a lot we still dont know.B. The ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.F. Nor

46、 does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunnels there are.G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共30分）第一节（共4小题；第46、47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共10分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)Using social media has become a rout

47、ine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks tha

48、t are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what the