2022-2023学年牛津译林版七年级下英语全册期末总复习基础知识汇总

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1、7B期末总复习：基础知识汇总U11. Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie? 埃迪，你想住在宫殿里吗？would like to do sth. 相当于want to do sth.，用来征求意见、提出建议或发出邀请。I would like something to eat. I would like you to go on a picnic with me. Would you like to drink some coffee?肯定回答: Yes, Id love/ like to. 或 Sure, that sounds great. 或

2、 Yes, please.否定回答: No, thanks. 或 Sorry. Im afraid not.或Id love/like to but. 2. -There are twenty restaurants in town. Which is your favourite? 镇上有二十家餐馆，你最喜欢哪个？-The biggest one in Fifth Street! 第五街区最大的那个。表示某地有，用there be 句型，谓语动词就近原则。There _(be) an art room, a music room and two computer rooms in our s

3、chool.表示有事情要做，用there be sth to do。 There are lots of things _(see) in Beijing.表示有某人正在做某事，用there be sb doing sth.。On game shows, there are always famous people_(talk) about their lives.【辨析】one与it(1)one 表示泛指，指代上文出现过的同类事物。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy a new one.(2)it 表示特指，指代上文出现过的同一事物。I cant f

4、ind my hat. I dont know where I put it.最高级的构成及用法单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般在词尾加-est(longest, tallest);以字母-e结尾的词,加-st(largest, nicest);以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 变y为i,再加-est(busiest, heaviest);重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母结尾时,先双写辅音字母,再加-est(biggest, hottest)。多音节词和部分双音节词:在原级前加most(most useful, most beautiful)。(1)结构为: the+形容词/副词最高级+其他+of/in

5、/ among+比较范围。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(2)词组 one of (其中之一)后加the加最高级,表示“最的之一”。one of the largest cities, one of the most famous scientists(3)序数词后加最高级,表示“第几的”。the second biggest island, the third longest river 3. I live in a town 15 miles from London. 我住在离伦敦15英里的一个镇上。be far

6、 (away) from 离远，但出现具体距离时，far要去掉，即be +距离 (away) from 离多少远My home is far away from the school.My home is 5 kilometres away from the school. 4. I always have fun with my dog there. 我总是和我的狗在那里玩得很开心。have fun with sb. 意为“和某人在一起玩得很开心”，have fun doing sth. 意为“做某事很开心”，have fun = have a good time = enjoy onese

7、lf Its (great) fun to do sth. =Doing sth. is (great) fun.意为“做某事很有乐趣”。5. We often listen to music in bed. 我们经常躺在床上听音乐。in bed 意为 (躺)在床上，bed 前无冠词修饰。 Dont read _. 不要躺在床上看书。on the bed 表示某样东西在床上。 There is a book _. 床上有本书。6. I have my own bedroom and bathroom, and I like the balcony best. 我有自己的卧室和卫生间，我最喜欢阳

8、台。have ones own.=have sth. of ones own 意为“拥有某人自己的.”每个人都有他们自己的梦想。 = own作动词时，意为“拥有”，相当于 have，owner 意为“拥有者，物主”。sb. own(s)/have(has) sth.= sb. be the owner of sth.= sth. belong(s) to sb.do sth. on ones own=do sth. by oneself=do sth. alone意为“独自做某事”。7. Your house is really different from the flats here in

9、 our town. 你的房子和我们镇上的公寓真的不一样。be different from. 和.不同be the same(+n.)as. 和.一样be the same size as.=be as large/big/small as. 和.同样大小8. I hope to visit your home some day. 我希望有一天能去你家看看。hope to do sth.希望去做某事hope +(that)从句，上句等于I hope I can visit your home some day. some day 将来有一天，总有一天 只用来指将来one day 某一天 可以

10、指过去，也可以指将来the other day 前几天 常用于一般过去时He writes such wonderful stories that he _(become) a good writer some day.I_(happen) to meet him in the street the other day.9. Can you ask him to call me back?你能让他给我回电话吗？ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要去做某事ask (sb.) for sth. (向某人)要某物10. The

11、re is always more than enough food there. 那里的食物总是绰绰有余。enough+n. + 足够多的.来.adj./adv.+enough 足够怎样做某事我有足够的食物来吃。 他足够细心能取的好成绩。 11. Each room has a new computer. 每间房间都有台新电脑。each 用于两者及以上的每一个，后面可以直接跟 of。如 each of them/you/usevery 用于三者及以上的每一个，后面不能直接跟 of，如要表示每一个，可用 every one。如every one of them/you/usEach stude

12、nt _(have) a book in his hand.Each of the students_(have) a book in his hand.The students each_(have) a book in his hand.12. I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend. 我想邀请我的朋友在周末和我一起看电影。invite vt. 邀请(1)invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事He invited a singer to sing for his frien

13、ds.(2)invite sb to sp邀请某人到某处Linda invited me to her home.invite的名词形式为invitation，意为“邀请，请柬”。Millie received an invitation to the party.U21. Im afraid they wont welcome visitors like you. 我恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样的拜访者。 be afraid of sth 害怕某物很多孩子都怕狗。 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事；担心做某事 那个女孩害怕游泳。 be afraid to do sth.

14、害怕做某事那个女孩不敢独自一人呆在家里。 Im afraid so.恐怕是的。 Im afraid not. 恐怕不是这样的。welcome sb. 欢迎某人 welcome to sp.欢迎来到某地like vt. 喜欢 like doing sth prep. 像 be like= look like 长相He is strong. （提问） whats he like? / what does he look like? 表列举（同such as.)like（喜欢）eating all kinds of fruit,like (像) tomatoes and mangoes. 2. Wh

15、at are your neighbours like ? 你的邻居们是怎么样的人？What be sb/sth like?=how be sb/sth?你认为怎么样(性格品质)？（用形容词回答）What do/does sb. like?某人喜欢什么？What do/does sb. look like?某人长什么样子(外貌)？3. Theres something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出问题了。Theres something wrong with. = Something is wrong with. = Sth. is broken. = Sth.

16、doesnt work. 某物有问题/出故障。Theres nothing wrong with. = There isnt anything wrong with. = Nothing is wrong with. = Sth. is not broken. = Sth.works well. 某物没问题。Whats wrong with.? = Whats the matter with.? .怎么了？/.出什么问题了？4. My cousin Annies bicycle is broken, so shes going to ask someone to fix it. 我表妹安妮的自

17、行车坏了,所以她打算请人来修理。broken作形容词，意为“损坏的，破碎的”，常用于器皿、玻璃、钟表等。broken的动词形式为break，意为“打破;打碎”。【与break 相关的短语】break down (机器)坏了;(计划、谈判)失败:(谈话、通讯)中断break into 破门而入;打断(谈话);占用break off突然停止;中断(谈判);断绝(关系)break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发break up散会;(学期)结束;驱散(集会);(精神上)垮掉fix作动词，意为“修理”，与repair同义。ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不）做某事ask

18、sb. for sth. 问某人要某物 ask sb. for help 向某人求助someone为复合不定代词，意为“某人”，相当于somebody，在否定句或疑问句中要把someone改成anyone，当someone等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。5. Some college students are ready to help. 一些大学生准备提供帮助。be ready for sth. / be ready to do sth. 强调“准备好了的状态”get ready for sth. / get ready to do sth. 强调“作好准备的动作”ge

19、t sth. ready 准备好某物 get sth. ready for.为.准备好某物We are ready for the coming exams. Please get ready for your lesson!6. Youre lucky to live in a neighbourhood like that, Simon. 西蒙，你很幸运能住在那样的街区。lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 运气 Good luck to sb with sth. 祝某人某事好运。 lucky adj. 幸运的 a lucky dog 幸运儿be lucky to do sth 做

20、某事很幸运 （be + adj+ to do sth）7. Do you need any help? 你需要一些帮助吗？need既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，意为“需要”。作实义动词（1）need sth.（2）need doing 与 need to be doneYour car needs repairing.= Your car needs to be repaired.（3）need to do sth.作情态动词情态动词的主要特征：没有人称和数的变化。不论主语是第几人称，不论主语是单数还是复数，情态动词都无形式变化；不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，

21、并且这个实义动词要始终是动词原形。变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。8. I want to help sick people. 我想要帮助生病的人。ill adj. 生病的，只作表语，不作定语。sick adj. 生病的，既可作表语，也可作定语。the sick 指“病人”，不能说the ill。9. They will make you feel better! 他们会使你感到更好！make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make +宾语+adj. 使觉得Our teachers make us stop talking.The ex

22、citing news makes him feel excited.10. Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home? 你在担心穿什么去参加聚会或者如何设计你的家吗？worry about sb. / sth.= be worried about sb. / sth. 为某人/某事担心worry about doing sth 担心做某事 His mother is worried about his health.He worries about being late for scho

23、ol.疑问词+to doI dont know who _(ask) for help.Do you know when _(start)?U31. Wait a minute. =Wait a moment. =Just a minute. 等一会。wait for 等候.wait to do sth. 等着做某事wait for sb. to do sth. 等某人做某事2. Maybe we can order a pizza. 也许我们能订一点比萨饼。maybe 是副词， “也许，大概”, 一般在句首，相当于perhaps，在句中作状语。may be，“可能是”，情态动词may+be动

24、词，在句中作谓语。Maybe he is right. = He _ _ right.He may be in the library now.= he is in the library now.Maybe he runs fast. = He fast.order n. 命令,顺序,订单 v.命令order sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事keep.in order 使.井然有序3. Shall we take them to the cinema? 我们带他们去电影院怎么样？take sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人take sb. to sp. 把某人带去某地【表示建

25、议的句型】 Would you like to do sth.? Shall we do sth.?Why not do sth.? Why dont / doesnt sb. do sth.?Lets do sth. How about / What about sth./doing sth.?Youd better (not) do sth.4. It takes only 40 minutes by underground. 乘地铁只需40分钟。take作动词，意为“花费”。It takes(took/will take) sb. some time to do sth.常和sb. sp

26、end some time doing sth. 转换。我骑自行车上学大约要花费15分钟的时间。It me about 15 minutes go to school = I about 15 minutes to school 5. Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鸭非常有名。be famous for 因.而出名 be famous as 作为.而出名be famous among 在.中出名The West Lake is famous its beautiful scenery.He is popular young people.Edison is f

27、amous a great inventor.6. Lets meet in front of your hotel at 8:30 tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上8:30在你的旅店前面见面。【in front of & in the front of辨析】in front of 表示在物体外部的前面。She is standing in front of the blackboard.in the front of 表示在一样内部空间的前部。She is standing in the front of the classroom.【时间介词辨析】at多用于表示具体的钟点时

28、刻前;也可用于固定搭配中at seven at night at noonin表示一段时间，用于年，月，世纪，四季或泛指的一天的上午，下午或晚上等;可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语in the twenty-first century in autumn in the morningThey will finish the work in an hour.on主要用在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早，中，晚或节日前on the Mid-autumn Day on a warm spring afternoonon June 1st7. I can smell flowers

29、and hear the birds sing.我能闻到花香，听见鸟唱歌。hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. doing sth. 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的状态hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. do sth. 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的全过程 或指经常看到某事发生8. Some families raise cows, and others grow wheat. 一些家庭养牛，另一些家庭种植小麦。some，and others意为“一些，其他的/另一些”other 意为“别的，其他的”+复数名词 ot

30、hers= other +n. There are other people in the room.the other，指两者中的“另一个”，常用于“one，the other”句型中。There are many trees on the other side of the river.another 泛指三者或三者以上的同类事物中的“另一个”，强调“再，又”，常接单数名词。This coat is too large for me. Please show me another one. “another+数词+名词复数”，意为在原来的基础上再加一些,相当于“数词+more+名词复数”。

31、Five apples are not enough. Please give me another five (apples).（=five more apples）9. I hope you can come and visit soon! 我希望你快来！hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope that +从句 希望某人做某事祝愿某人某事 wish sb sth ； 希望（某人）做某事wish (sb) to do sth ； 做名词，常用复数，表示祝愿。 向你致以美好的祝愿！ U41. Are you sure, Hobo? 你确定吗，霍波？be sure to do sth

32、. 一定做某事be sure of/about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有把握be sure + (that)从句 一定.2. I think we have to go up again. 我认为我们得再次上去。have to不得不（强调客观条件限制），有人称、数、时态的变化We have to stay at home because its raining hard outside.must必须（强调主观意愿），无人称、数、时态的变化As a student，you must study hard.Dad, must I finish my homework before

33、going shopping？肯定回答：Yes, you must./ Im afraid you have to.否定回答：No, you dont have to./ No, you neednt.must的否定形式：mustnt 禁止，不准have to的否定形式：dont/doesnt have to=neednt 不必，不需要3. Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School. 阳光动物园在阳光中学的北面。north/south/east/west对应的形容词分别为northern/southern/eastern/westernA

34、is to the north/south/east/west of B. A在B的北/南/东/西面(A在B范围之外,不接壤)A is on the north/south/east/west of B. A在B的北/南/东/西面(A在B范围之外，接壤）A is in the north/south/east/west of B. A在B的北/南/东/西面(A在B范围之内)Wuxi is to the north of Shanghai.Wuxi is on the north of Suzhou.Wuxi is in the south-east of China.4. Go straigh

35、t on, and youll find the Panda House. 一直向前走，你们就会看到熊猫馆。go straight on意为“径直走”，straight作副词，表示“一直”，放在动词之后，常用于指示方向。and连接的两句间是一种顺承关系，前一分句表示一种条件或假设，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。or解释为“否则，不然”，表转折。【拓展】“祈使句+and/or+陈述句（一般将来时）”结构可以和if引导的条件状语从句互相转换。Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed.Work hard,or

36、you will fail the exam.=If you dont work hard, you will fail the exam.5. Remember that theyre dangerous. 记住他们很危险。remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）lt is dangerous for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是危险的。be in danger处于危险中 be out of danger 脱离危险反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同Please remember

37、 (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom.I remember (meet) the man somewhere.6. Cross the bridge, and youll see the elephants. 穿过这座桥，你就会看到大象。(1) cross为动词，意为“穿过，横过”，指从一个平面通过，常用于过桥、河、路、街道等。Look left and right before you cross the street.(2) across 为介词，意为“横跨;横穿;穿越”，常与动词walk，run,go,jump等连用，与cr

38、oss 基本同义。Go across the road. and you will find the post office on your left.(3) crossing 为名词，意为“十字路口;交叉处”。Turn left at the second crossing.(4) through 为介词，意为“穿过:通过”，指从物体的内部穿过。He walked through the forest alone.7. Walk past the house, turn left and walk along the path next to the river. 走过房子，向左转，沿着河边

39、的小路走。past作介词，意为“经过”。 go/walk past “走过”= pass。walk past the house=pass the house 作介词，“超过，超出，晚于”。 half past ten “十点半”。作名词，“过去”。 in the past “在过去”。作形容词，“过去的”。 in the past years “在过去的几年里”。turn left/right 左转/右转on the left/right 在左边/右边on sbs left/right 在某人的左边/右边8. Take the second turning on the right. 在第二

40、个拐角处右拐。turning作名词，意为“转弯处，拐角”。take the + 序数词 + turning on the left/right = turn left/right at the + 序数词 + turning “在第个转弯处向左/右转”9. Which way should I go at the traffic lights? 在红绿灯处我应该走哪条路？和way相关的短语：on the/ones way to sp. 在（某人）去某地的路上on ones way home/here/there 在某人回家/来这里/去那里的路上by the way 顺便问一下in the/on

41、es way 挡（某人的）路in this/that way 用这种/那种方法 in different ways 用不同的方法the way to do sth.=the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法10. raise vt.饲养Most students in our school raise pets. 【拓展】(1) raise 还可译为举起，升起，提起，抬起(某物)”，常用搭配:raise ones hand 举手He raised his eyes from his work.(2) raise还有“募集”之意。常用搭配:raise money for. 为募集

42、资金Well hold a charity show to raise money for poor children.U51. Fish sleep with their eyes open. 鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。“with+宾语（名词）+宾语补足语（形容词/介词短语）” 在句中做伴随状语 with light on with door open拓展：表示“和”，后跟代词或名词。Come with me, please.表示“带有，含有”。a house with a small garden 表示“使用某种工具”。Please cut the apple with the knife.用于某些

43、固定搭配。with the help of 在.的帮助下2. Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing. 我们的眼睛从出生起就一样大，但我们的鼻子和耳朵从未停止生长。be the same as. 与.相同（same之前必须加the)be the same +名词+ as. 与.某方面相同be the same size as. =be as big/large as. 和一样大小be the same age as. =be as old as. 和.一样年龄反义词组为 be

44、 different from 与.不同from birth 从出生之时起 at birth = when sb. was/were born在出生时stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. = stop for sth. 停下（手头上的事）去做另一件事stop to have meals=stop for meals 停下来去吃饭stop doing A to do B 停止做A去做B3. As usual, they sat down under a big tree. 像往常一样，她们在一棵大树下坐下。as usual：“照例；像往常一样”usual：adj.“平常的，通常的”。 副词：usually4. Nobody replied. 没有人回答。nobody：不定代词，“没有人；没有任何人”，相当于n