2022-2023学年人教版八年级下英语全册各单元知识点总结

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1、Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a denti

2、st看牙医 13. get an X-ray拍X光片14. take one s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth在上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有

3、多想25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one s surprise 使惊讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于29. in time及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have

4、a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42.have problems breathing呼吸困难43. mountain climbing登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便 47. sothat 如此 以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在逆境屮50. keep on doing sth.坚持做某事51. ma

5、ke a decision做出决定52. take risks 冒险 53. give up 放弃二、知识点解析1. Whats the matter? 怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了?”要用“Whats the matter with sb.?”拓展：Whats the matter with sb.? 的同义句：Whats wrong with sb.? / Whats the trouble with sb.?2. 疾病类短语：have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽.have a +身体部位-ache

6、. e.g.: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛. have a sore+身体部位. e.g.: have a sore throat咽喉痛 have a sore back背痛例题：Mom, I_.Im sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.A. have a headache B. have a stomachacheC. have a toothache D. have a fever3. lie down 躺下 V. 躺，平躺。现在分词是 lyi

7、ng. e.g.: Dont lie in bed all morning!拓展：lie 的词性和含义总结:(1) 位于，坐落在。e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China.(2) 撒谎，说谎。lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。e.g.: Dont believe her because she always lies.(3) 谎言。tell lies/a lie说谎。e.g.: You shouldnt tell lies to your parents.注意:含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺位于，坐落在laylain撒谎，说谎liedlied4. if 引导的条件

8、状语从句时，主将从现。例题：Stop smoking, Joe! You_yourself if you keep on doing it like that.A.will kill B. have killed C. killD. killed5. see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”，强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games.We often see the boy play computer games.W

9、e saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.例题：When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends_football.A.play B. to play C. playing D. is playing6. get 短语get up 起来，起床 get to(=reach, arrive in/at)到达 get on 上车get off 下车 get into 陷入，参与 get in 进入，到达 get on well with sb.和某人和睦相处get ready

10、for为.做准备 get back 回来7. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是；surprise是名词，惊讶，惊奇。8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难。例题：I always have much trouble_English words. Can you give me some advice?A.to remember B. remember C. remembering D.remembered9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。e.g.: They are used to living

11、in the big city.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。e.g.：He used to play football, but now he likes playing basketball.10. take risks/a risk. 冒险。risk V. 冒险。11. run out 用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。e.g.：All the money ran out.run out of 用完，主语通常是人。e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money.12. off 短语：turn off 关闭，关掉

12、take off 起飞，脱掉 put off 推迟get off 下车 give off 发出，散发 set off 出发例题：We have to_the bike ride because of the bad weather.A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off13. important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性例题：From the show Running Man, we can learn the_of team spirit.14.keep (on)doin

13、g sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事。例题：He kept_so that he could be in health.A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercisegive up “放弃”代词放中间 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事例题：No matter how hard it is, dont . Things will be better in the future.A. give out B. give up C. give away15.重难点全解：情态动词 should的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“应当，应该”,可用于任

14、何人称。肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？近义表达：ought to /be supposed to do16.易错易混全解too many表示“太多”，修饰可数名词的复数too much表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词much too表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词例题：The meat is_expensive and eating_meat isnt good for our health.A.too much, much too B.

15、 too much, too muchC. much too, too muchD. much too, too manybecause是连词，“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句because of是介词短语，“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词例题：Millie made a few mistakes in the exam_her carelessness.A.because B. so that C. as a result D. because ofdieV. “死，去世，逝世”deadadj. “死的，死亡的”deathn. “死，死亡”例题：Lei Feng_for many ye

16、ars, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A.died B. has died C. was dead D. has been deadUnit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old peoples home 养老院3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经过去5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情7. at the age of 在岁时 8.clea

17、n up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴10. give out 分发;散发11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out 试用;试行15. work for 为工作；为效力16. put up 建造;举起;张贴17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与相像;像2

18、3. give away 赠送;捐赠24. fix up 修理;修补;解决25. be similar to与相似26. set up建立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响;有作用29.after-school reading program课外阅读项目30. be able to 能够 二、知识点解析1. hope to do sth. 希望做某事，含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam.a

19、gree to do sth.同意做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2.“动词+up”的短语结：clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎 grow up长大 set up熬夜 set up建立，设立stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒 take up 占用 give up 放弃 use up 用完cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）

20、put up 搭建，张贴end up 最终成为，最后处于make up 组成，例题：Many volunteers will help to_the city parks next parks next Friday. A. give up B. pick up C. clean up3. give out：发出，放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth用完，耗尽 We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.公布，发表 The news of the event was g

21、iven out over the radio.4. give 的短语：give away 捐赠，赠给 give up 放弃 give off 发出，放出 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物give in 让步，屈服 give back 归还5. put off doing sth.推迟做某事 e.g.: We cant put off making a plan.常见的 put短语：put on穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up 搭起，升起，张贴 put up with 容忍 put away 收起来例题：They heard the

22、party was_because of the exam.e up with 提出，想出（答案，计划等）例题：He_many ideas to solve these problem already.7. used to变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词 did.肯定句主语+used to+动词原形否定句主语+didnt use to+动词原形一般疑问句肯定答语Yes,主语+did.否定答语No,主语+didnt.8. care的派生词：careful小心的 carefully小心地 careless粗心的 carelessly粗心地care的短语：care for照顾，喜欢 care abou

23、t 关心，在意 take care 小心 take care of照顾，照料9. such+ a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词 “如此”注意：当名词前有 many, much, few, little修饰时，要用 so,而不用 such.例题：We had _ awful weather _we couldnt finish the work on time.A. so, that B. such, that C. such an, that10. -ing 是名词后缀。reading阅读 writing写作 spelling拼写 swimming游泳 skating滑冰

24、fishing钓鱼 smoking抽烟11.be satisfied/pleased with 对满意 satisfaction n. 满意，满足12.常见的“take+介词/副词”短语：take down写下，拆除 take off起飞，脱掉 take out取出，掏出 take in吸收take over接管 take away带走 take up占用 take back收回例题：I_my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.A. took outB. took offC. took place13. 常见的“动词+away”的短语：throw aw

25、ay扔掉，丢弃 run away逃跑get away逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away离开，使不接近 take away带走go away离开 put away收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away远离例题：-What are you doing, Mum? -Im_ some old things for a yard sale.A. giving away B. hurrying up C. cleaning out D. walking into14.be similar to 和相似/类似 e.g.: His dress is similar to min

26、e in color.15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时am/is/are +done一般过去时was/were +done现在进行时am/is/are being +done一般将来时will be +doneam/is/are going to be +done现在完成时have/has been +done例题：These model cars _in China in 2013.A. are made B. were made C. make D. made16. make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事 find it +adj. （

27、+for sb.)+to do sth. 发现怎么样17. be excited about 因.而兴奋不已 e.g.: We were excited about the good news.同根词：excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excitement n.激动，兴奋excited adj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人）exciting adj.令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物）例题：They are_about the_news.A. excited, excitedB. exciting, exciting C. exciting, excited D. excited, exc

28、iting18. could的用法:表建议，语气较委婉“可以”e.g.: You could help to clean the park.can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。e.g.: She couldnt dress herself until five.19.动词不定式的用法 动词不定式的语法功能作主语To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well.作表语My job is to look after patients.作宾语We want to go swimmin

29、g.作宾语补足语She invited me to go to the concert作定语I have something important to tell you.作状语She got up early to catch the early bus.例题：I was tired out, so I stopped the car_a short rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, when, where, which等之后，作主语，宾语，表语。e.g.: How to

30、 get there is a problem.（作主语）I dont know what to say.(作宾语）The question is how to learn English well.(作表语）例题：-Its important for us to know_all the subjects.-Yeah, group work is my favorite.A. how to study B. when to study B. which to study D. what to study 含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语 plan, hope, agree

31、, decide等。e.g.: We plan to go climbing.My father agreed to take us to the museum.They decide to join the swimming club.有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事例题：W

32、e advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A.leaving B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave20. repair, mend, fix区别repair意为 “修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g. : When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具。e.g.：My

33、 kite is broken. Can you mend it？fix意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.: Hes outside fixing the brakes in the car.21.alone, lonely区别alone可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.例题：She lives_in a small village, but she didnt feel .A. lo

34、nely, lonely B. alone, lonely C. lonely, alone22. open, close, turn on, turn offopenclose用于能直接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书turn onturn off用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电视，电脑）或水龙头 tap23. bring, take, carry, fetchbring意为“带来”，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take意为“带走”,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry一般指 “随身携带”,此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“运载”fet

35、ch表示“去取来”，口语中常用 get，表示“去某地取某物，再回来”，表双向动作Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一、重点短语 1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚3.go to the movies 去看电影4.get a ride 搭车5.work on 从事 6.clean and tidy 干净洁7.do the dishes 洗餐具8.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾9.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服10.sweep the floor 扫地1

36、1.make your/the bed 整理床铺12.clean the living room 打扫客厅13.no problem 没问题14.welcome sb. 欢迎某人e home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家16.throw down 扔下17.sit down坐下e over过来19.take sb. for a walk带某人去散步20.all the time总是21.all day/evening整日/夜22.do housework做家务23.shout back大声回应24.walk away走开25.a comfortable home 一个舒适

37、的家26.share the housework分担家务 27.get some thing to drink拿点喝的东西28.in surprise 惊讶地29.watch one show观看节目30.hang out 闲逛 31.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人32.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 33.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿34. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 35.help sb. to do /with sth帮助某人干某事36.do chores 做杂务37.bring a tent带顶帐篷来38.buy some snacks买

38、些小吃 39.invite sb to a party邀请某人参加聚会40.go to the store去商店41.make sb. do sth使某人做某事42.enough stress足够的压力43.a waste of time浪费时间44.in order to为了45.get good grades取得好成绩46.mind doing sth.介意做某事47.develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立性48.depend on依赖49.do ones part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事50.look after/take ca

39、re of 照顾；51.finish doing sth.完成做某事二、知识点解析1. “Could you please do sth.?”的答语以下两种情况：接受请求时可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./My pleasure./Its my pleasure./With pleasure.等来回答拒绝请求时可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等来回答，还可以用 I have to do sth.来解释其否定句是:“Could you please not do sth.?”2. 有关“家务劳动”有关的

40、短语：take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾 fold ones clothes叠衣服sweep the floor扫地clean the room打扫房间make ones /the bed铺床do the dishes/wash the dishes洗餐具3. throw down扔下 throw at扔向，掷向 throw away扔掉例题：Recycling is good, so dont_bottles or newspapers.A.find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away4. the minute 表示“一.就”

41、,相当于 as soon as.(引导时间状语从句)e.g.: Ill tell him the minute he gets there.5. 常见 time的短语：all the time一直，总是 at times 不时，有时 in time及时 on time按时 for the first time第一次 in no time立刻at any time随时 by the time到.的时候at the same同时 have a good/great/wonderful time玩的愉快例题：-Hurry up. Its almost time for school.-Dont wo

42、rry. We are sure to be at school_.A. at timesB. on time C. all the time D. by the time6. as .as 表示“和一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。e.g.: She is as tall as her elder brother.例题：Look! This house is as_as that one.A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautiful7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的

43、肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时例题：-I dont understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob?-_.A. Neither I do B. Neither do I C. So do I8. in surprise 惊讶地 e.g.: She looked at me in surprise.9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons.例题：-Id like to know_ -May

44、be in the forest.A. whether we will go campingB. where we will go campingC. whether will we go campingD. where will we go camping10. in order to “目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形。in order to do sth. 表示“为了做某事”，否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事”。so that, in order that 表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转换为含 to, in order to的句子。例题：In order_for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be