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1、2023年牛津深圳版八年级下英语全册重要语法知识点UNIT1【1】raise v. to bring or collect money or people together 筹募;to increase the amount or level of sth. 增加;提高 【拓展】(1)raise money 筹募资金 (2)raise ones spirits使振奋;使鼓起勇气【辨析】raise与rise 两者均可意为“提高;上升”,区别在于:(1)raise 通常是及物动词,其后可接宾语。 He raises his voice. 他提高了他的嗓音。(2)rise 通常是不及物动词,其后不能
2、接宾语。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。【2】permission n. the act of allowing sb. to do sth., especially when this is done by sb. in a position of authority准许;批准【同根词】permit v. 许可;准许The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 卫兵准许我带相机和录音机。【拓展】(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(2)permit
3、 doing sth. 允许做某事【3】disabled adj. unable to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a physical condition, illness, injury, etc. 丧失能力的;有残疾的【拓展】(1)disable v. 使失去能力 (2)able adj. 有能力的We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。【4】offer v. to say that you are willing to do sth. for sb. or give sth
4、. to sb. 主动提出【拓展】offer to do sth. 愿意去做某事【5】suffer v. to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc. (因疾病等)受苦;受折磨【拓展】suffer from 受折磨【6】organize v. to arrange for sth. to happen or to be provided 组织;筹备【拓展】(1)organize的近义词为 hold。 (2)organization n. 组织 (3)organized adj. 有组织的;安排有序的
5、(4)organizer n. 组织者;承办单位【7】lonely adj. unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk to 孤独的;寂寞的【辨析】lonely与 alone(1)lonely意为“孤独的”, 表示心里的感觉,可以放在名词之前,用来修饰名词。(2)alone意为“孤单的;一个人;独自地”, 同义词组为:by oneself或on ones own。它通常作表语或状语,不能放在名词之前。【8】difficulty n. a problem; a thing or situation that causes prob
6、lems 困难;费劲【拓展】(1)difficult adj. 困难的 (2)have difficulty (in). 在(某方面)有困难【9】We spent time with a girl called Vivien. 我们花了些时间和一个叫薇薇安的女孩待在一起。【用法】 spent time with意为“花时间与在一起”。【拓展】spend, cost, pay与take都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。(1)spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:spend time/money on sth. 意为“在上花费时间(金钱)”。spend time money (in)do
7、ing sth. 意为“花费时间(金钱)做某事”。(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:sth. costs (sb.)金钱,意为“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。(doing)sth. costs (sb.)时间,意为“某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间”。(3)take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法如下:It takes sb.时间to do sth. 意为“做某事花了某人多少时间”。doing sth. takes sb.时间,意为“做某事花了某人多少时间”。(4)pay的用法如下:pay (sb.)money for sth. 意为“付钱(给某人)买”。pay f
8、or sth. 意为“付的钱”。I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。pay for sb. 意为“替某人付钱”。Dont worry!Ill pay for you. 别担心!我会替你付钱的。pay sb. 意为“付钱给某人”。They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。pay money back 意为“还钱”。【10】We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. 我们需要帮助像蒂姆那样的孩子,使他们振奋起来。【用法】(1)在本句中,like
9、用作介词,意为“像”。(2)raise their spirits意为“使他们鼓起勇气;使他们振奋起来”。【拓展】like 为英语中常见的单词,有多种词性和含义。like主要有以下两种用法:(1)用作动词,意为“爱;爱好;喜欢”,无进行时态,既可表示对“人或者事物的真挚的感情”,又可表示“对某事有着浓厚的兴趣爱好”,后面可以接名词代词动名词或者不定式。(2)用作介词,like的前面一般情况下要有be,意为“像”。八下 UNIT 2【1】communication n. the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of
10、giving people information 交流;交际【拓展】(1)communicate v. 交流;交际 (2)communicate with sb. 和某人交流【2】message n. a written or spoken piece of information, etc. that you send to sb. or leave for sb. when you cannot speak to them yourself (书面或口头的)信息;消息【拓展】(1)leave a message留言;留口信 (2)take a message(for sb.)捎口信(给某
11、人)【3】hold v. to keep sb./sth. in a particular position 使保持(在某位置)【拓展】(1)hold up 举起;抬起;支撑 (2)hold on 坚持;等一会 (3)hold a party=organize a party举行聚会【4】remind v. to help sb. remember sth., especially sth. important that they must do 提醒;使想起【拓展】(1)remind sb. of/about sth.提醒某人某事(2)remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
12、 (3)remind that. 提醒 【5】She looked at Debbie and Simon. 她看着黛比和西蒙。【用法】look在本句中用作不及物动词,意为“看;望”,与at连用,表示“看着;望着”,后面要接宾语。【拓展】(1)look用作不及物动词与其他某些介词或副词连用,常见的有:look after意为“照看;照料”。 look for意为“寻找”。look around意为“四下环顾;到处寻找”。 look up意为“抬头看;查;找出”。look down on意为“看不起”。 look forward to意为“盼望”。look into意为“朝里面看”。 look
13、through意为“浏览;仔细检查;看穿”。look out意为“当心”。 look over意为“仔细检查;翻阅”。 (2)look用作连系动词,意为“看起来”,其后可接形容词或过去分词。【6】People always choose Debbie instead of me. 人们总是选择黛比而不是我。【用法】(1)instead of用作介词短语放在句中,意为“取而代之;替代”。(2)instead单独使用时用作副词,也是“取而代之;替代”之意,但常放在句末。 八下 UNIT 3【1】Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enj
14、oys working. 尽管他已经超过65岁了,但他还是很健康,仍然热爱工作。【用法】although的意思相当于though,意为“尽管;虽然”,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and,so等连用,但可以和yet,still等词连用。【辨析】although与though用法区别(1)用作连词:表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用,只是although比though更为正式。(2)用作副词:although 一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是;不过”。(3)用于习语中:在 as though(好像;仿佛),even
15、 though(即使;纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。(4)用于倒装句中:though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但 although 一般不这样用。【2】ready adj. fully prepared for what you are going to do 准备好【拓展】(1)be/get ready for sth.=prepare for sth.=be prepared for sth.为做准备(2)be/get ready to do sth.=prepare to do=be prepared to do准备去
16、做 【3】reach v. to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to 到达;抵达【辨析】reach, get与arrivereach, get 和 arrive都有“到达”的意思, 但具体用法有所区别:(1)reach 是及物动词,后接名词或副词。(2)get 是不及物动词,通常和to搭配。(3)arrive 是不及物动词,通常和in(接大地方)、at(接小地方)搭配。【4】require v. to need sth.; to depend on sb./sth. 需要;依靠【拓展】(1)require的近义词为need。
17、 (2)requirement n. 需要;要求;必备条件 (3)require doing sth.=require to be done=need doing sth.=need to be done=want doing sth.=want to be done 需要做某事【5】luck n. good things that happen to you by chance, not because of your own efforts or abilities 幸运【拓展】(1)lucky adj. 幸运的 (2)luckily adv. 幸运地 (3)unlucky adj. 不幸
18、的 (4)unluckily adv. 不幸地【6】In 50 years, perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world. 再过50年,世上也许就不再有用鸬鹚的渔民了。【辨析】no longer 与 no more 用法区别(1)意义区别:no longer着重表示时间的不再延续,意为“如今不再”。no longer等于not. any longer。no more着重表示数量或程度的减少,意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。no more等于not. any more。(2)时态区别:当no longer
19、 / not. any longer表示不再继续或再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作或状态时,常用于过去时、现在时或将来时的句子中。如:当no more / not. any more表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时,常用于过去时或将来时的句子中。如: (3)位置区别:当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be动词或行为动词之前;no more一般置于行为动词之后。not. any longer与not. any more常置于句末。八下 UNIT 4【1】warning n. a statement, an event, etc. telling sb. that sth. ba
20、d or unpleasant may happen in the future so that they can try to avoid it 警告;警示【拓展】(1)warn v. 警告 (2)warn sb. not to do 警告某人不要做 【2】thought n. something that you think of or remember 心思;思想【拓展】(1)think v. 想;思考 (2)thinker n. 思想家;思想者 (3)thought的同义词为idea。 (4)含有think的短语:think about / of 思索;考虑; 回顾;想起;想到(某人或
21、某事) think over仔细考虑;重新考虑(指想过了, 再想)think twice 再三考虑; 踌躇 think highly of 高度评价;器重【3】pleasant adj. friendly and polite 友好的;和善的;文雅的【辨析】with pleasure与my pleasure(1)with pleasure的含义:意为“愉快地;高兴地”。意为“十分愿意;可以(答应对方时的用语)”。意为“由于高兴;高兴得”。(2)My / Our / A pleasure. 或 It is my / our / a pleasure. 不用客气(用来回答Thank you. 的答
22、语)。Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。It is my / a pleasure. 不用客气。综上所述,“With pleasure.”是对方提出要求,答应对方时的用语;“My pleasure.”或者“Its a pleasure.”是对方致谢时的答语。【拓展】(1)pleased adj. 高兴的;满意的 (2)please v. 请;使高兴(3)pleasure n. 快乐 (4)pleasant的近义词为friendly。【4】detailed adj. giving many details and a lot of information; paying
23、 great attention to details 详细的;细致的【拓展】 (1)detail n. 细节;详情 (2)in detail 详细地【5】appear v. to give the impression of being or doing sth. 显得;看来;似乎【拓展】 (1)disappear v. 消失 (2)appearance n. 外貌;出现 (3)appear意为“显得;似乎”时的近义词为seem。(4)appear意为“出现”时的近义词组为show up或come along。【6】match v. if two things match, or if on
24、e thing matches another, they have the same colour, pattern, or style and therefore look attractive together 与相配【拓展】(1)match with (使)和相匹配 (2)match point 赛(末)点【7】separately adv. as a separate person or thing; not together 单独地;分别地【拓展】 (1)separate adj. 单独的;分别的; v. 使分离 (2)separate from 分离【8】decide on决定;
25、选定【拓展】(1)decide to do 决定去做 (2)make a decision to do=make up ones mind to do决定去做【9】make it获得成功【拓展】make it=succeed=be successful获得成功【10】In the next stage, a computer program is used to put the pictures together as a film. 下一步,利用电脑程序将图片放在一起制作成电影。【用法】be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”,其中used为动词use的过去分词,to为不定
26、式符号,后接动词原形。【拓展】(1)be used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”,可用于各种时态,其中to为介词,used为形容词,to后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。(2) used to 意为“过去常常”,其后接动词原形,表示过去的习惯、经常发生的动作或状态。(3) be used for doing sth. 意为“被用来做某事”,be used for doing=be used to do。 (4) be used as. 意为“被用来作为”。【11】To make the characters and things appear to move,
27、each picture should be made a little different from the one before it. 为了让人物和物体看起来在动,每一幅图片应该制作得与以前的不一样。【用法】动词不定式作主语的三种方式:(1)不定式作主语通常位于句首。(2)把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在后面。(3)动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。【拓展】it作形式主语时,有三种情况:(1)常接形容词作它的表语。真正的主语动词不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来表示,即f
28、or sb. to do sth. (其中sb. 就是to do的逻辑主语)。如:当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则不用for,而用of(sb. to do sth.)。如: (2)有时也接名词作表语。如:It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。(3)it作形式主语时,还常用于“It takes(tookwill take)s B. some time(money)to do sth.”句型中。八下 UNIT 5【1】population n. the number of pe
29、ople living in a particular area, country et C. (统称)某领域的生物;族群;人口【拓展】(1)population 常与定冠词the连用,做主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用much或little,要用large或small。(3)表示“某地/某一范围内有多少人口”时,用have/has a population of【2】face v. to meet a difficult situation or to accept that a diff
30、icult situation or problem exists even though you would prefer to ignore it 面对【拓展】(1)make faces 做鬼脸 (2)face to face 面对面【3】It has a white face with black patches around its eyes. 它有着一张白色的脸,眼睛周围布满了黑斑点。【用法】“with+名词或代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词”结构常用于表示伴随的状况。【拓展】(1) with 意为“与在一起”。 (2)with还可意为“用;以;借以”。 (3)与with相
31、关的常见固定搭配:with ones help在某人的帮助下 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事be busy with忙于 be pleased with对感到满足 fall in love with爱上【4】The rest of its body is white. 它身体的剩余部分是白色的。【用法】(1)rest在本句中意为“剩余部分”,用作名词。(2)rest做主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面的名词。some、分数词、百分数做主语时也是同样的用法。【拓展】(1)rest作名词时,意为“休息”,常用词组有:have a rest, take a rest。
32、(2)rest作动词时,意为“休息”。【5】A giant panda can eat as much as 30 kilograms of bamboo a day. 大熊猫一天能吃多达30千克的竹子。【用法】as much as.+不可数名词,表示具体的数量,意为“多达;之多;整整”,强调“多”。【拓展】(1)表示模糊的数量时,as much as意为“与一样多”。有时much后面可接被修饰的名词(不可数)。(2)表示程度时,as much as意为“尽量;尽最大努力(可能)”,其后常接possible或one can。此外,as much as还可意为“与一样(的程度)”。【6】Pand
33、as like to live on their own. 大熊猫喜欢独自生活。【用法】 on ones own 意为“独自”, 相当于by oneself=without ones help=alone。【拓展】 (1)of ones own意为“属于某人自己的”。 (2)with ones own意为“用某人自己的”,后接名词。【7】. show a great love for 对表现出极大的爱【扩展】 show a great interest in 对表现出极大的兴趣【8】. fall into 掉入【扩展】 fall off 从掉下 fall down 跌倒 fall in lov
34、e with 爱上 fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病 fall behind 落后八下 UNIT 6【1】complaint n. a reason for not being satisfied; a statement that s B. makes saying that they are not satisfied投诉;抱怨【拓展】(1)complain vt. 投诉;抱怨 (2)complain vi. 投诉;抱怨(后面+to/about/of) (3)complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事【2】responsibility n. a
35、 duty that you have because you are in charge of something责任【拓展】(1)responsible adj. 有责任的;负责的(2)be responsible for=be in charge of 对负责任【3】feed v. to give food to a person or animal 给(人或动物)食物;喂养(过去式和过去分词分别为fed,fed)【拓展】 (1)feed on sth. 以为食 (2)be fed up with. 厌烦;厌倦 【4】noisy adj. making a lot of noise or
36、 full of noise吵闹的【辨析】noise, voice与sound(1)noise 指不悦耳、不和谐的声音,即“噪音;喧闹声”。 (2)voice 多指人发出的说话声、歌声、笑声。 (3)sound 泛指任何声音,不论其音量高低、是否悦耳等。【5】nearly adv. almost but not quite or not completely几乎;差不多【辨析】nearly与 almost(1)在肯定句中,两者通常可以互换。(2)almost强调“差一点就”(=very nearly), 可用于no, none, nothing等词前面,而nearly则无此用法; 但almos
37、t不能用not修饰。(3)nearly意为“接近”时,常与almost换用,但在具体数字前常用nearly。not修饰nearly 意为“远非;远不及”。【6】common adj. ordinary; having the same interests, aims or beliefs, etc. 常见的;通常的;普遍的【拓展】(1)commonly adv. 通常地;一般地 (2)uncommon adj. 不寻常的;罕见的(3)in common 共同的;共有的 (4)Its common knowledge that. 是常识;是众所周知的事【7】lie v. to be in a p
38、osition in which your body is flat on the floor, on a bed, etc. 躺(过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain)【拓展】区分lie“说谎”,lie“平躺”,lay“放置”的过去式和过去分词的书写:【8】until conj. used to say that something stops happening or someone stops doing something at a particular time 到时;直到为止【拓展】(1)until作介词的用法:用于肯定句中, 表动作的终点, 谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 如wo
39、rk, stay, wait, live等。用于否定句中, 表动作的起点。 (2)until作连词的用法:用于肯定句中, 表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止, 意为“直到为止”, 主句的谓语动词必须是非瞬间动词。用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前还未发生,意为“直到才”。【9】a number of一些;若干【辨析】a number of与the number of(1)a number of.(=some),后接可数名词复数形式或代词,谓语动词用复数形式。该词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等, 如:a large/small number of., 意为“
40、许多/少数”。(2)the number of.意为“的数量”,介词of与其后名词构成介词短语,修饰the number。当它做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。【10】Keeping pet dogs is a good idea, says Emma. 艾玛说养宠物狗是一个好主意。【用法】keeping pet dogs 为动名词短语做主语。动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。【拓展】动名词作主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。【11】Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs. 其次
41、,我们可以通过饲养狗来培养责任感。【用法】learn. from. 意为“向 学习”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词。【拓展】learn sth. 学习某事; learn to do sth. 学习做某事; learn. by heart用心记; learn how to do sth. 学习如何做某事;learn about 了解;得知。【12】This stops people from getting any sleep. 这使得人们无法入睡。【用法】stop s B. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”。stop 也可换为prevent 或keep。【拓展】stop d
42、oing sth. 意为“停止做某事”; stop to do sth. 意为“停下(手头的事情)去做另外一件事”。【13】They have no choice but to keep their dogs in small spaces. 他们别无选择只能把他们的狗养在小空间里。【用法】have no choice but to do 意为“除了别无选择”。【拓展】but 前面如有do 的某种形式,but 后面的动词不定式要省略to; 如前面没有do的形式,则后面的不定式不能省略to。【14】. die of 死于(内因,生老病死等)【扩展】die from 死于(外因) be dead
43、死亡 die out 灭绝【15】. keep on继续【扩展】keep sb. doing 使某人一直做 go on doing 继续做(同样的事)go on to do 继续做(不同的事) go on with sth. 继续某事【16】. complain about/of 抱怨【扩展】complain to sb. 对某人抱怨 complain+从句八下 UNIT 7【1】unknown adj. not known or identified 未知的【拓展】(1)know v. 知道,过去式和过去分词分别为knew, known。 (2)be known for=be famous
44、for 因而闻名 (3)be known as=be famous as 作为而闻名【2】receive v. to get or accept sth. that is sent or given to you 收到【辨析】receive与acceptreceive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而 accept 则指主动地“接受”。【3】damage v. to cause physical harm to something or to part of someones body毁坏;破坏【辨析】damage, destroy与ruindamage, destroy 和ruin都有“破
45、坏”的意思。damage 通常是指部分性地损坏,暗示损坏后价值、功能等会降低;destroy 通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭,暗示无法或很难修复;ruin 指彻底地毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。【拓展】(1)表示“毁坏”意思时,damage还可用作名词,且是不可数名词。 (2)damage 有时也用复数形式,但不表示“损害”,而表示“赔偿费”。【4】frightened adj. feeling afraid惊吓的;害怕的【拓展】(1)frighten v. 使害怕 (2)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的,常用来说明事物的特征。 (3)be frightened of. 意为“害怕”。 (4)be frightened by. 意为“被吓坏”。【5】discover v. to find something that was hidden or that people didnt know about before 发现;找到;发觉【辨析】find,discover与inventfind侧重于指找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人;discover指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西;invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。【拓展】 discovery n. 被发现的事物【6】line n. a long thin mark on a
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