2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he _1_ his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash an

2、d his treasured medal given for his 32 years of _2_ with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever.Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had be

3、en using a large magnet (磁铁) to _3_ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box.“I would have never found the medal if we hadnt _4_ all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about h

4、alf an hour later, I pulled out the _5_ , and its got Police Long Service Medal written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).”_6_ , the medal was carved with Bernards name and the medal number, which David used to _7_ the seniors phone number online. The retired police offi

5、cer was _8_ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be _9_ to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him.“This was truly the best _10_ f

6、or cleaning up that rubbish. Its amazing,” David said.1. A. damagedB. lostC. soldD. dirtied2. A. businessB. communicationC. cooperationD. service3. A. netB. siteC. cupD. fish4. A. tackledB. desertedC. recycledD. buried5. A. magnetB. rubbishC. boxD. jewelry6. A. ApparentlyB. ThankfullyC. GraduallyD.

7、Consequently7. A. trackB. recallC. recordD. dial8. A. nervousB. astonishedC. proudD. embarrassed9. A. awardedB. submittedC. presentedD. addressed10. A. driveB. proofC. wishD. reward第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On a particular sunny day, l

8、ittle Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training wheels. When the neighborhood kids _11_ (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over _12_ (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his

9、 goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are _13_ (easy) said than done. However, with a little help from friends, things go better!B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Renewable methods for _14_ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only

10、 provide power on the days _15_ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries _16_ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500. The sand stays

11、hot for months; when energy _17_ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The idea of writing a poem might feel frightening _18_ (initial)do you n

12、eed to follow a certain structure, does it need to have a rhyme, or do you need to have recited a dictionary to be a “proper” poet? The truth is: absolutely not. While there are “types” of poem that offer structure to serve _19_ a guide, the reality is that poetry doesnt have to follow a set of rule

13、sits much more about conveying a feeling, and that opens up a lot of creative _20_ (free) for us to explore.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEvery year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world shoot their shot

14、 for the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award.The Future For Nature aims to:Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plantsStimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work.Help winners to raise their

15、profile, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis.BenefitsThe winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation.FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conserva

16、tionists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds.FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn

17、 with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.QualificationsThe candidate：Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005.Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken).Has achieved

18、 substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species.Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the award aims to stimulate the winners future work. It is not an “end of career” prize.Additional RemarksFor the 2023 Future For Nature

19、Award, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species survival.From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final awardees. U

20、ltimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now linkApplication Deadline: May 1st, 2023.21. Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature?A. To aid more green groups.B. To fund academic education.C. To inspire conserv

21、ation efforts.D. To raise environmental awareness.22. The winners will get the chance to _.A. consult top specialistsB. meet like-minded peopleC. benefit the local communityD. promote self-created platforms23. To apply for the 2023 Future For Nature Award, candidates must _.A. meet the age requireme

22、ntB. apply via mail by the deadlineC. turn in the application in EnglishD. provide additional personal informationBThe sign on the librarians desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare w

23、ith a return by date.“What is Project Read Aloud?” Sherene asked.“Heres the brochure about it. Theres a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile.Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her towns pub

24、lic library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this sm

25、all town.Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought.Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud

26、 to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with.A couple of days la

27、ter, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the o

28、rigin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners an

29、d then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories.24. What can we learn about Sherene?A. She used to be a teacher.B. She lived far from the library.C. She liked hearing stories read aloud.D. She was involved in many social acti

30、vities.25. Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud?A. She wanted to make new friends.B. The projects goal suited her interest.C. The project brought her extra income.D. She needed to improve her reading ability.26. Which of the following words can best describe Sherenes first performance?A. Meani

31、ngful and humorous.B. Novel and amusing.C. Impressive and conventional.D. Vivid and absorbing.CMany people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests other

32、wise.In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts degree of no

33、velty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to

34、the office.“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I w

35、as surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wand

36、er about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing ones whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have

37、 to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldnt walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as wel

38、l. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “free

39、r” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.Virtual teamwork cant replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning opti

40、ons. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromisea sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.27 What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Shake.B. Revise.C. Challenge.D. Strengthen.28. At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might th

41、ink that _.A. videoconferencing cant compare with in-person communicationB. participants should make eye contact in an online meetingC. the feedback from companies seems questionableD. creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts29. What can we learn about Brucks class?A. Her students relieved anx

42、iety by speaking up.B. Her students progressed in focusing attention.C. Her students took advantage of virtual learning.D. Her students displayed talent for public speaking.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Interacting Virtually Impacts Working ParticipationB. Mai

43、ntaining Teamwork Improves Idea GenerationC. Grouping Randomly Increases ProductivityD. Brainstorming Online Limits CreativityDArguably the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those ima

44、ges beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. Were made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then

45、on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.There are many similarities between the progress weve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together lifes inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileos telescope

46、 to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biologys infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not

47、a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning

48、the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium