2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a child growing up in the 1980s, Marlene Irvin took many trips to Joyland, an amusement park in her hometown of Wichita, Kansas. She got excited the moment her family drove into Joyland

2、s parking lot. “The carousel circling at the entrance to the park was always the_1_for me,” Marlene said. “I could watch the horses for hours.”Joyland certainly made a/an_2_ impression on Marlene as she got her “first real job” years later at Wichitas Chance Manufacturing, the largest maker of amuse

3、ment park rides in the world at the time. Marlene started in the fiberglass workshop, where the carousel horses frames, along with parts for Ferris wheels, roller coasters, and other rides, were pieced together. She_3_found her way to Chances art and decoration department, becoming one of the lead h

4、orse artists. Then, after working at Chance for nearly fifteen years, Marlene decided to start her own business,focusing on carousel restoration.Around the same time, Joyland started experiencing a_4_ in attendance. At last, to the heartbreak of Wichitans young and old, Joyland_5_ after more than fi

5、fty years of operation. Local preservation organizations purchased some of the parks historical items, and Joylands thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica, a Wichita-owned botanical garden. Botanica asked Marlene to_6_ the old, broken horses, and she accepted the challenge.As Marlene fi

6、nished each horse, Botanica_7_ them for the public to see. Although they looked_8_compared to their glory (辉煌) days at Joyland, thanks to Marlenes artistic efforts, the horses impressed observers even more than they had before. When native Wichitans saw them, their most_9_question was: “Will we be a

7、ble to ride them?” Even as_10_, they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids.Marlene always smiled and answered: “Theyve been waiting for you to come back.”1. A. memoryB. dreamC. highlightD. comfort2. A. immediateB. lastingC. accurateD. general3. A. suddenlyB. definitelyC. hesita

8、ntlyD. eventually4. A. declineB. breakC. boostD. return5. A. went downB. fell downC. got downD. shut down6. A. replaceB. rearrangeC. restoreD. reuse7. A. displayedB. movedC. protectedD. advertised8. A. modernB. differentC. attractiveD. unique9. A. basicB. unexpectedC. commonD. remarkable10. A. repai

9、rmenB. customersC. residentsD. adults第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I _11_(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. _

10、12_made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of _13_now respond with my name: “Barbie

11、, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Its said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that hi

12、s house is a beautiful palace that others _14_ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. Its a private place in which he goes to hide away _15_ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of _16_ (he). Much money is often sp

13、ent on each and every room _17_ (create) the right “feel” according to the persons lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines cant reach

14、. They travel in small planes and, _18_(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot _19_(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from sprea

15、ding. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be _20_(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADear Teachers and Parents,This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we ha

16、ve some to share.In 2015, a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow.Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has

17、 reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families.But we arent stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025.Why? Because this moment calls for

18、brave action. Never before have money management and investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they

19、make their way through a complex world.From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching yo

20、ung learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities.Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well.In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and

21、EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course.Whats more these results were consistent across all student demographics inc

22、luding race, age, gender, school year, and socioeconomic status.We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us.Visit getfut

23、uresmart. com to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life.MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZHead of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI21. The course FutureSmart .A. is offered in two different languagesB. requires skillful smartphone operationC. has b

24、een bought by a large number of schoolsD. targets students from low-to-moderate income families22. How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts?A. By establishing financially healthy communities.B. By managing opportunities and rewards.C. By simulating real-life situations.D. By delaying financ

25、ial gain.23. After taking the course, the students should be able to .A. improve their academic performanceB. accept financial challenges at any timeC. understand people from various backgroundsD. build a stable financial foundation for the futureBI was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my fir

26、st year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand started to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashe

27、d to the ground. I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence fun

28、ction was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldnt do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especially when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasnt easy to do anything

29、precisely.As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. Thats how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my sci

30、ence classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From then on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experim

31、ents in rats to study depression.At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldnt do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others i

32、n the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my masters and Ph.D.Ive come to realize that my hands arent the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, Ive been able to follow my passions. Ive als

33、o realized that theres much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but Im fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.24. What was the authors dream?A. To live

34、a normal life.B. To become a scientist.C. To get a masters degree.D. To recover from depression.25. The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because .A. he didnt lose the function of both handsB. he learned how to walk at the age of oneC. his family could afford to see good doctorsD. his brain da

35、mage didnt affect his intellectual capacity26. From the passage, it is clear that .A. the authors own depression inspired him to help others with mental disordersB. the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his studyC. the authors loneliness moved him towards the world of biologyD

36、. the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own27. What message does the author want to express?A. Loving yourself makes a difference.B. Opportunity follows prepared people.C. A bright future begins with a small dream.D. The sun somehow shines through the storm.CImagine a simple blood test th

37、at could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding

38、 in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but prog

39、ress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conven

40、tional screenings.Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-st

41、age cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes,

42、 and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer,

43、 so if you find them in blood, you dont know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are

44、 “more organ-specific”. On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the firs

45、t signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early canc

46、er and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.28. According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected to A. flag cancer and determine the treatmentB. detect cancer signals from a sample of bloodC. take images of tumors and prevent potenti

47、al cancersD. show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B. Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C. Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D. Organ-specific c

48、ancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.30. The author is mostly concerned about whether .A. liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings cant findB. liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC. liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD. liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer preventionDTechnology seems to discourage slow, immersi