2019届高考英语（译林版）一轮复习练习：必修4 Unit1知能演练轻松闯关（含答案解析）

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1、课时练 1 阅读理解提速练阅读理解A(2018吉林长春七校高三第一次联考)Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin dise

2、ase that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease d

3、idnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh v

4、egetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himse

5、lf injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldbergers

6、 wife. None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生 Joseph Goldberger 研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。1

7、Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”

8、，再结合 Goldberger 在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在 Joseph Goldberger 看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。2What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasnt so terrible.BPellagra didnt spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasnt a medical

9、problem.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的 Goldberger 认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果 (他没患病)可推知，Goldberger 进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.

10、DStubborn and enthusiastic.A 解析：推理判断题。文中提到的 Goldberger 在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可 Goldberger 的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选 A。B(2018湖北省武汉市调研测试)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代

11、码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.He attended Queens University in Canada, and transferred(转到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelors degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy

12、physics.First CompanyZip2 CorporationIn 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Trib

13、une newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.Online BankingIn 1999, Elon Musk started Xcom with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receivers email address.Pa

14、yPalIn 2000, X. com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.Space Exploration Technolo

15、giesIn 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.Tesla MotorsIn 2004,

16、 Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.SolarCityIn 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyn

17、don Rive.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。4What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?AEconomics. BPhysics.CEnergy. DCoding.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知， Musk 是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故 D 项正确。5Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?AX.com. B

18、Confinity.CPayPal. DeBay.C 解析：细节理解题。根据 PayPal 部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，PayPal 提供国际转账支付服务，故 C 项正确。6What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musks project?ASponsoring the Mars Society.BDeveloping rocket technologies.CBuilding a greenhouse on Mars.DSupporting the exploration of Mars.B 解析：细节理解题。根据 Space Explor

19、ation Technologies 部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.”可知， SpaceX 一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助 Musk 实现他的项目( 目标)，故 B 项正确。7What is Tesla Motors noted for?AIts electric vehicles.BIts photovoltaic products.CIts service as a city tourist guide.DIts business with other companies.

20、A 解析：细节理解题。根据 Tesla Motors 部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors 是生产电动汽车的公司，故 A 项正确。C(2018东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟)Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen FoxleeType：FantasyStoryline：When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must he

21、lp the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.Targeted readers：People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.A Hundred Horses by Sarah LeanType: MysteryStoryline：The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to he

22、r aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angels true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesnt know, but Angel might know.Targeted readers：Kids who like animals and nature will

23、be sure to find this book exciting.How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine JinksType: FantasyStoryline：Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, it s up to her to figure out why.Targeted readers：Anyon

24、e who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris GrabensteinType: FictionStoryline：After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to

25、 trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State.Targeted readers：This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍，提供了每本书的名称、作者、种类、故事情节和目标读者。8Which writer

26、tells a story about a girl saving a boy?AKaren Foxlee.BSarah Lean.CCatherine Jinks.DJames Patterson and Chris Grabenstein.A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的简介，尤其是第二句“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.”可知，在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前 Ophelia 必须帮助那个男孩逃离，故选 A。9Nature lovers may take interest in_AOphelia

27、and the Marvelous BoyBA Hundred HorsesCHow to Catch a BogleDI Even Funnier: A Middle School StoryB 解析：细节理解题。根据第二本书对目标读者的描述“Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.”可知，喜欢动物和自然的孩子一定会发现这本书令人兴奋，故第二本书 A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即 B 项正确。10Who went through life challenges withou

28、t losing heart?AOphelia. BNell.CStevie. DJamie.D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章对第四本书的简介中的“But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals.”可知，Jamie 在失去父母寄居在亲戚家时依旧保持积极的态度，追求自己的梦想，故选 D 项。11In which section of a newspaper can we find such a passage?AFashion. BLiterature.CBusiness. DLocal news.B 解

29、析：文章出处题。根据文章是对四本书的介绍可知，这篇文章可能来自报纸的文学版块，即 B 项正确。D(2018广东佛山检测)Exposed soil isnt part of natures master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isnt ba

30、re for long; within days seedlings(芽) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months time, the scar is hardly noticeable.Unlike these natural examples, ploughed(耕犁) fields and freshly dug gardens are obvious examples created by man. But, left to nature, even these bare soils soon turn green w

31、ith a large number of tiny seedlings. In fields, gardens and on grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature.Whenever soil is exposed, weeds act like a

32、 kind of medicine to reduce the potentially harmful rays of the sun, so the sooner plant growth covers the soil over again, the better.Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil. Their roots get the soil together, improving its structure and creating a more stable environment in which

33、soil life can grow fast. Those weeds with a deep root draw up plant nutrients from deeper in the ground, making them available to plants growing near the soil surface. Above ground, the stems(茎)of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the soil, adding to the fertility of the soil.As th

34、e soil becomes more fertile, different kinds of plants start to replace the “pioneering” weeds. Bushes move in to take the place by gradually shading them out, followed in turn by trees, which eventually push up through the bushes, finally shading them out too. Fallen leaves from the bushes and tree

35、s carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil. Then, when one of these mature trees is removed in a storm，leaving a wound of bare soil in the earth, the whole process starts again.【解题导语】 人们到处阻止杂草等植物的生长，然而，它们却有助于增加土壤的肥沃度。所以，土壤和植物之间是相

36、互促进的关系。12When will soil be left bare?AA land fire has just happened.BA young tree is planted in.CNo one ploughs the land.DNo crops are planted in.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Exposed soil isnt part of natures master plan. Good examples.where the ground has been burnt by a land fire.可知，刚被火烧过的土地被称作裸土。故选 A 项。13W

37、hich of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering?ASeedlings appearing in gardens.BReducing harmful rays of the sun.CRemoving weeds from pavements.DReplacing plants in sports fields.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，人们除掉路边杂草的行为就是在阻止裸土的恢复。故选 C 项。14What can weeds do for the soil?AThey create soil life

38、.BThey help improve the soil.CThey get nutrients from the sun.DThey break down fallen leaves.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil.可知，杂草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。15How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in?ABy adding more weeds to the soil.BBy taking out the weeds c

39、onstantly.CBy removing the previous bushes.DBy making use of the fallen leaves.D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil.可判断 D 项正确。七选五(2018长沙模拟)With todays stressful life

40、styles, its important to have time that you spend doing something just for the fun of it. While there are many great hobbies to choose from, the hobbies here are particularly useful in relieving stress.1_Whether you simply learn to take better pictures of your friends and family, or explore the worl

41、d of creating true art, photography can be a great hobby. As you practice seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer, you may begin to see things differently.GardeningGardening can be a great stress reliever for many reasons.2._. In addition, it can also create more beautiful surroundings t

42、o come home for each day, and more.KnittingAside from helping you create beautiful gifts for yourself and others, knitting provides you with an opportunity to relieve stress. The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of “flow”，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.3._Drawin

43、gYou can get in touch with your artistic side and use drawing as a way to process emotions.4._. The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.Playing the piano5_. While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more pow

44、erful stress relieving hobby. Learning to play an instrument such as the piano can be a stress reliever for you as well as for those around you.ALaughing more, stressing lessBExploring photographyCIt can get you into the sunshine and fresh airDMusic has many health and stress relief benefitsEThese s

45、uggestions can help you reduce tension in your body nowFGradually knitting may be making you better at your day jobGBesides, it can distract you, and achieve other stress management benefits【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了几种可以缓解压力的爱好。1B 解析：根据本段中的“photography can be a great hobby” 可知，本段推荐的兴趣是摄影，所以选 B 项。2C 解析：根据本段标题 Ga

46、rdening 及空后一句可推知，做园艺工作可以享受阳光，呼吸新鲜空气，故选 C 项。3F 解析：承接上文的“The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of flow，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.”并结合本段标题 Knitting 可推知，编织会让人们工作得更好，所以选 F 项。4G 解析：根据下文的“The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or

47、 share.” 可推知， 画画可以转移注意力，调节压力，所以选 G 项。5D 解析：根据下文的“While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby.” 可知，音乐有利于健康，并有助于缓解压力，所以选 D 项。课时练 2 知识运用板块练完形填空(2018长春普通高中高三质量监测)Honesty is always the best policy，especially when it comes

48、 to mental health problems. In a TV _1_，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.“I was the best student in my high school. I put so much _2_ on myself， ” she said. “I never _3_a class. But I got sick during 10th grade and I started to _4_. That was when the panic attacks began.”

49、 She goes on to describe what a panic attack _5_ like， “One day the teacher handed me my grade _6_，and I couldnt breathe. My heart was beating very _7_. I felt disconnected. I saw people trying to talk to me but I couldnt hear them. Afterwards，I was sent to _8_， ” she shared.It was then _9_ the attacks started happening _10_ daily，and the