2022届优质校一模英语试卷汇编——定语从句 (含答案)
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1、专题 1定语从句常考题型题型考查年份关联知识点关系代词2020全国卷2020新高考全国卷that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词2020全国卷2019新课标I卷when, why, where介词+关系代词2017江苏卷介词+which/whomas 2018北京卷such.as, the same.as等方法点拨考向一 关系代词引导的定语从句【技法点拨】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1. who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从
2、句中可作主语、宾语等。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2. whose既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时,“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂
3、亮的男孩吗?3. which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government, will succeed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。4. 指物时,关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用,但以下几种情况下一般用that,而不用which。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不
4、定代词,或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你给我的书我都已经读过了。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first,the second,the last修饰时。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(3)先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰时。The only thing that matters is to find our
5、 way home.唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。5. 在以下情况中,只能用which,不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中,如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物,只能用which。Our football team won the final, which made us excited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛,这使我们非常兴奋。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关
6、系代词之前时,只能用which。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。【典例】1. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,而先行词tool为物,
7、故此处填关系代词that或which。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。3. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of
8、the British Museum _ opened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】关系代词which/that引导定语从句,指代先行词the British Museum,在从句中作主语。4. 【2019全国卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who/that【解析】此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。考向二 关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】当定语从句中
9、不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时,要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which。why表原因的介词(如for)which。1. 关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。The reason wh
10、y I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时,要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which。why表原因的介词(如for)which。2. way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”,且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时,引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in wh
11、ich或省略。如:I dont like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他看我的方式。(2)先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如:This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。There was a time when I hated go
12、ing to school.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。【典例】1. 【2020全国卷语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向
13、航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。2. 【2019新课标I卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语
14、,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。3. 【2018新课标II卷短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【答案】which前加in或which改为where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。考向三 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句【技法点拨】掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,要注意以下几点:1. 关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先
15、行词是物,引导词用which;如果先行词是人,则引导词用whom。如:This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。2. 介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前,但也可以放在原来的位置上。如:The house in which we live is very large.The house (which/that) we live in is very large.
16、我们住的房子很大。This is the man from whom I learned the news.This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.就是这个男人,我从他那里得到的这个消息。注意:如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。如:My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is demanding.我得照看我的小弟弟,真是让人费神。3. 关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如:The fellow to whom I spo
17、ke made no answer at first.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)(2)根据先行词来确定。如:Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如:Air, without which man cant live, is really important.空气真的很重要,没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)4. “名词/代词介词关系代词”结构
18、此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largestofwhich/whom”等。如:Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.问题都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说很难。5. “复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句,其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开,且从句部分常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。6. “介词which/wh
19、om不定式”结构The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。【典例】【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to _ he made many careful plans for her future.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意:很久
20、以前,天空之王有一个可爱的女儿,他为她的未来做了许多仔细的计划。分析该句子结构可知,该句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为daughter,指人,从句中作介词to的宾语,故此处用关系代词whom,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,指人,只能用whom。故填whom。1. (2017江苏卷单项填空)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句
21、。分析句子结构可知,one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the World Food Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。2. (2016江苏卷单项填空)Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams
22、.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。考向四 as引导的定语从句【技法点拨】1. as作为关系代词,在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用,通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时,关系代词用as。They could only read such stories as had been rewri
23、tten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)2. 关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如:As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of contro
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